Hybrid intelligent system denotes a software system which employs, in parallel, a combination of methods and techniques from artificial intelligence subfields, such as: * Neuro-symbolic systems * Neuro-fuzzy systems * Hybrid connectionist-symbolic models * Fuzzy

expert system In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as ...

s * Connectionist expert systems * Evolutionary neural networks * Genetic fuzzy systems * Rough fuzzy hybridization *

Reinforcement learning Reinforcement learning (RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent should take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize a reward signal. Reinforcement learnin ...

with fuzzy, neural, or evolutionary methods as well as symbolic reasoning methods. From the

cognitive science Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include percep ...

perspective, every natural intelligent system is hybrid because it performs mental operations on both the symbolic and subsymbolic levels. For the past few years, there has been an increasing discussion of the importance of A.I. Systems Integration. Based on notions that there have already been created simple and specific AI systems (such as systems for

computer vision Computer vision tasks include methods for image sensor, acquiring, Image processing, processing, Image analysis, analyzing, and understanding digital images, and extraction of high-dimensional data from the real world in order to produce numerical ...

speech synthesis Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal langua ...

, etc., or software that employs some of the models mentioned above) and now is the time for integration to create broad AI systems. Proponents of this approach are researchers such as

Marvin Minsky Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive scientist, cognitive and computer scientist concerned largely with research in artificial intelligence (AI). He co-founded the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ...

, Ron Sun, Aaron Sloman, Angelo Dalli and Michael A. Arbib. An example hybrid is a hierarchical control system in which the lowest, reactive layers are sub-symbolic. The higher layers, having relaxed time constraints, are capable of reasoning from an abstract world model and performing

planning Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning is based on foresight, the fundamental capacity for mental time travel. Some researchers regard the evolution of forethought - the cap ...

. Intelligent systems usually rely on hybrid reasoning processes, which include induction, deduction, abduction and reasoning by

analogy Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share. In logic, it is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as oppose ...

References

* R. Sun & L. Bookman, (eds.), Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Needham, MA. 1994. http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/book2-ann.html * S. Wermter and R. Sun, (eds.) Hybrid Neural Systems. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 2000. http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/book4-ann.html * R. Sun and F. Alexandre, (eds.) Connectionist-Symbolic Integration. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. 1997. * Ibaraki, S
Hybrid Intelligence interview with Angelo Dalli
in

IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) organization, 501(c)(3) public charity professional organization for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and other related disciplines. The IEEE ...

Technology and Management Society. 2024. * Albus, J. S., Bostelman, R., Chang, T., Hong, T., Shackleford, W., and Shneier, M
Learning in a Hierarchical Control System: 4D/RCS
in the DARPA LAGR Program NIST, 2006 * A.S. d'Avila Garcez, Luis C. Lamb & Dov M. Gabbay
Neural-Symbolic Cognitive Reasoning
Cognitive Technologies, Springer (2009). .
International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems
* http://www.iospress.nl/html/14485869.php * International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems http://his.hybridsystem.com/ * HIS'01: http://www.softcomputing.net/his01/ * HIS'02: https://web.archive.org/web/20060209160923/http://tamarugo.cec.uchile.cl/~his02/ * HIS'03: http://www.softcomputing.net/his03/ * HIS'04: https://web.archive.org/web/20060303051902/http://www.cs.nmt.edu/~his04/ * HIS'05: https://web.archive.org/web/20051223013031/http://www.ica.ele.puc-rio.br/his05/ * HIS'06 https://web.archive.org/web/20110510025133/http://his-ncei06.kedri.info/ * HIS'7 September 17–19, 2007, Kaiserslautern, Germany, http://www.eit.uni-kl.de/koenig/HIS07_Web/his07main.html * hybrid systems resources: http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/hybrid-resource.html {{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925054246/http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/hybrid-resource.html , date=2009-09-25 Artificial intelligence

See also

References