The House of Hanover (german: Haus Hannover), whose members are known as Hanoverians, is a
European royal house
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A ...
of
German origin that ruled
Hanover
Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany ...
,
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...
, and
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
at various times during the 17th to 20th centuries. The house originated in 1635 as a
cadet branch
In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch's or patriarch's younger sons ( cadets). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets—realm, ti ...
of the House of
Brunswick-Lüneburg, growing in prestige until Hanover
became an Electorate in 1692.
George I became the first Hanoverian monarch of
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...
and
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
in 1714. At
Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previ ...
's death in 1901, the throne of the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
passed to her eldest son
Edward VII
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.
The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria a ...
, a member of the
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (; german: Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) is a Europeans, European Royal House, royal house. It takes its name from its oldest domain, the Ernestine duchies, Ernestine duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, its member ...
. The last reigning members of the House lost the
Duchy of Brunswick
The Duchy of Brunswick (german: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. Its capital was the city of Brunswick ().
It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienn ...
in 1918 when Germany became a republic.
The formal name of the house was the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Hanover line.
The senior line of Brunswick-Lüneburg, which ruled
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, became extinct in 1884. The House of Hanover is now the only surviving branch of the
House of Welf
The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconia, Franconian family from ...
, which is the senior branch of the
House of Este
The House of Este ( , , ) is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries.
The original House of Este's elder branch, which is known as the House of Welf, included dukes of Bavaria ...
. The current head of the House of Hanover is
Ernst August, Prince of Hanover.
History
Dukes and Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (17 February 1582, in Celle – 12 April 1641, in Hildesheim), ruled as Prince of Calenberg from 1635.
George was the sixth son of William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1535–1592) and Dorothea of Denmark (15 ...
was the first member of the House of Hanover. When the
Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (german: Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Late Modern era within the Holy Ro ...
was divided in 1635, George inherited the
Principality of Calenberg
The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman ...
and moved his residence to Hanover. His son,
Christian Louis, inherited the
Principality of Lüneburg from George's brother. Calenberg and Lüneburg were then shared between George's sons until united in 1705 under his grandson, also called George, who subsequently became
George I of Great Britain
George I (George Louis; ; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Electorate of Hanover within the Holy Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727. He was the firs ...
. All held the title ''Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg''. George died in 1641 and was succeeded by:
*
Christian Louis, 1st son of Duke George, Prince of Calenberg (1641–1648) and Prince of Lüneburg (1648–1665). He relinquished Calenburg when he became Prince of Lüneburg.
*
George William, 2nd son of Duke George, Prince of Calenberg (1648–1665) and Prince of Lüneburg (1665–1705). He relinquished Calenburg when he became Prince of Lüneburg on the death of his brother, Christian Louis.
*
John Frederick, 3rd son of Duke George, Prince of Calenberg (1665–1679).
*
Ernest Augustus, 4th son of Duke George, Prince of Calenberg (1679–1698). He became Prince of Calenberg on the death of his brother John Frederick. He was elevated to
prince-elector
The prince-electors (german: Kurfürst pl. , cz, Kurfiřt, la, Princeps Elector), or electors for short, were the members of the electoral college that elected the Holy Roman Emperor, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
From the 13th century ...
of the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
in 1692. Ernest Augustus's wife,
Sophia of the Palatinate, was declared heiress of the throne of England by the
Act of Settlement of 1701, which decreed
Roman Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
could not accede to the throne. Sophia was at that time the senior eligible Protestant descendant of
James I of England
James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until h ...
.
*
George Louis, son of Duke Ernest Augustus and Sophia, became Elector and Prince of Calenberg in 1698 and Prince of Lüneburg when his uncle George William died in 1705. He inherited his mother's claim to the throne of Great Britain when she died in 1714.
Monarchs of Great Britain, Ireland, and Hanover
George Louis became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover as George I in 1714.
[.] The dynasty provided six British monarchs:
''Of the Kingdoms of
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...
and
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
'' (changed in 1801 to ''the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in the British Isles that existed between 1801 and 1922, when it included all of Ireland. It was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the Kingdom of Gre ...
''):
#
George I ( 1714–1727) (Georg Ludwig = George Louis)
#
George II ( 1727–1760) (Georg August = George Augustus)
#
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
( 1760–1820)
#
George IV ( 1820–1830)
#
William IV ( 1830–1837)
#
Victoria ( 1837–1901).
George I, George II, and George III also served as electors and dukes of
Brunswick-Lüneburg, informally, Electors of
Hanover
Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany ...
(cf. ''
personal union
A personal union is the combination of two or more State (polity), states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some e ...
'').
From 1814, when Hanover became a kingdom, the British monarch was also
King of Hanover.
Upon the death of William IV in 1837, the personal union of the thrones of the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
and Hanover ended. Succession to the Hanoverian throne was regulated by semi-
Salic law (agnatic-cognatic), which gave priority to all male lines before female lines, so that it passed not to Queen Victoria but to her uncle, the
Duke of Cumberland.
In 1901, when Queen Victoria, the last British monarch provided by the House of Hanover, died, her son and heir
Edward VII
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.
The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria a ...
became the first British Monarch of the
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (; german: Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) is a Europeans, European Royal House, royal house. It takes its name from its oldest domain, the Ernestine duchies, Ernestine duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, its member ...
, Edward taking his family name from that of his father,
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
Kings of Hanover after the breakup of the personal union
After the death of William IV in 1837, the following kings of Hanover continued the dynasty:
*
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (r. 1837–1851)
*
George V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.
Born during the reign of his grandmother Q ...
(r. 1851–1866, deposed)
The
Kingdom of Hanover
The Kingdom of Hanover (german: Königreich Hannover) was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era. It succeeded the former Electorate of H ...
ended in 1866 when it was annexed by
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: ...
and the king of Hanover (and duke of Cumberland) was forced to go into exile in Austria. The 1866 rift between the houses of Hanover and Hohenzollern was settled by the 1913 marriage of
Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia to
Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, the last king's grandson.
Prince-bishops of Osnabrück
At the end of the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battl ...
, the
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (german: Westfälischer Friede, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought pe ...
(1648) awarded the
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück alternately to a Catholic bishop and to a cadet branch of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
Since the treaty gave cadets priority over heirs and reigning princes, Osnabrück became a form of
appanage
An appanage, or apanage (; french: apanage ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture. It was common in much ...
(in alternation) of the House of Hanover.
*
Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg (r. 1662–1698), fourth son of
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (17 February 1582, in Celle – 12 April 1641, in Hildesheim), ruled as Prince of Calenberg from 1635.
George was the sixth son of William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1535–1592) and Dorothea of Denmark (15 ...
*
Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany
Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (17 September 1674 – 14 August 1728), was the younger brother of George I of Great Britain. Ernest Augustus was a soldier and served with some distinction under Emperor Leopold I during the Nine Years' W ...
(r. 1715–1728), sixth son of
Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg
*
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (Frederick Augustus; 16 August 1763 – 5 January 1827) was the second son of George III, King of the United Kingdom and Hanover, and his consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. A soldier by profes ...
(r. 1764–1802), second son of
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
Osnabrück was
mediatized to Hanover in 1803.
Dukes of Brunswick
In 1884, the senior branch of the
House of Welf
The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconia, Franconian family from ...
became extinct. By semi-
Salic law, the House of Hanover would have acceded to the
Duchy of Brunswick
The Duchy of Brunswick (german: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. Its capital was the city of Brunswick ().
It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienn ...
, but there had been strong Prussian pressure against having George V of Hanover or his son, the
Duke of Cumberland, succeed to a member state of the German Empire, at least without strong conditions, including swearing to the German constitution. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established a temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death, and if necessary appoint a regent.
The Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Duke of Brunswick at the Duke's death, and lengthy negotiations ensued, but were never resolved.
Prince Albert of Prussia was appointed regent; after his death in 1906,
Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg succeeded him. The Duke of Cumberland's eldest son died in a car accident in 1912; the father renounced Brunswick in favor of his younger son
Ernest Augustus, who married the Kaiser's daughter
Victoria Louise the same year, swore allegiance to the German Empire, and was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. He was a major-general during the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fig ...
; but he was overthrown as Duke of Brunswick in 1918. His father was also deprived of his British titles in 1919, for "bearing arms against Great Britain".
After having left
Brunswick Palace, the duke and his family moved back to their exile seat Cumberland Castle at
Gmunden, Austria, but in 1924 he received
Blankenburg Castle and some other estates in a settlement with the
Free State of Brunswick, and moved there in 1930. A few days before Blankenburg was handed over to the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian language, Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist R ...
by British and US forces in late 1945, to become part of
East Germany
East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
, the family was able to quickly move to
Marienburg Castle (Hanover) with all their furniture, transported by British army trucks, on the order of King
George VI
George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of I ...
. Duke Ernest Augustus died at Marienburg Castle in 1953. His
Herrenhausen Palace in Hanover had been completely destroyed during World War II. His eldest son,
Prince Ernest Augustus, sold his remaining property at
Herrenhausen Gardens in 1961, but kept the nearby Princely House, a small palace built in 1720 by George I for his daughter Anna Louise. It is now his grandson
Ernest Augustus's private home, along with Marienburg Castle.
Claimants

The later heads of the House of Hanover have been:
*
George V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.
Born during the reign of his grandmother Q ...
(1866–1878)
*
Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover
en, Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick
, house = Hanover
, father = George V of Hanover
, mother = Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover
, death_date =
, death_place = Gmu ...
, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (1878–1923)
*
Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick (1923–1953), son of the previous
*
Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover (1953–1987)
*
Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover (1987–present)
**
Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Hanover (
heir apparent
An heir apparent, often shortened to heir, is a person who is first in an order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person; a person who is first in the order of succession but can be displaced by the b ...
)
The family has been resident in Austria since 1866 and thus took on Austrian nationality besides their German and British. Since the later king
Ernest Augustus had been created
Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and
Earl of Armagh by his father
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...
in 1799, these British peerages were inherited by his descendants. In 1914 the title of a
Prince of Great Britain and Ireland was additionally granted to the members of the house by King
George V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.
Born during the reign of his grandmother Q ...
. These peerages and titles however were suspended under the
Titles Deprivation Act 1917. However, the title ''Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland'' had been entered into the family's German passports, together with the German titles, in 1914. After the
German Revolution of 1918–19, with the abolishment of nobility's privileges, titles officially became parts of the last name. So, curiously, the British prince's title is still part of the family's last name in their German passports, while it is no longer mentioned in their British documents.
On 29 August 1931,
Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, as head of the House of Hanover, declared the formal resumption, for himself and his dynastic descendants, of use of his former British princely title as a secondary
title of pretense
A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term is often used to suggest that a claim is not legitimate.Curley Jr., Walter J. P. ''Monarchs-in-Waiting'' ...
, which style, "Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland", his grandson, the current head of the house, also called
Ernest Augustus, continues to claim. He has the right to petition under the
Titles Deprivation Act 1917 for the restoration of his ancestors' suspended British peerages ''Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale'' and ''Earl of Armagh'', but he has not done so. His father, another
Ernest Augustus, did, however, successfully claim British nationality after World War II by virtue of a hitherto overlooked (and since repealed) provision of the
Sophia Naturalization Act 1705
The Act for the Naturalization of the Most Excellent Princess Sophia, Electress and Duchess Dowager of Hanover, and the Issue of her Body was an Act of the Parliament of England (4 & 5 Ann. c. 16.) in 1705. It followed the Act of Settlement 170 ...
.
[''Attorney-General v HRH Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover'' ]957
Year 957 ( CMLVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* September 6 – Liudolf, the eldest son of King Otto I, dies of a violent fever nea ...
1 All ER 49 According to the decision taken by a court of the
House of Lords
The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster ...
, all family members bear the last name ''
Guelph
Guelph ( ; 2021 Canadian Census population 143,740) is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Known as "The Royal City", Guelph is roughly east of Kitchener and west of Downtown Toronto, at the intersection of Highway 6, Highway 7 and Well ...
'' in the UK and are styled
Royal Highness
Royal Highness is a style used to address or refer to some members of royal families, usually princes or princesses. Monarchs and their consorts are usually styled ''Majesty''.
When used as a direct form of address, spoken or written, it ta ...
es in their documents.
List of members
Patrilineal descent
#
Oberto I, 912–975
#
Oberto Obizzo, 940–1017
#
Albert Azzo I, Margrave of Milan, 970–1029
#
Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan
Alberto Azzo II (997 or July 10, 1009, in Modena – August 20, 1097, in Modena), Margrave of Milan, and Liguria, Count of Gavello, Padua, Rovigo, Lunigiana, Monselice, and Montagnana, was a powerful nobleman in the Holy Roman Empire. He is c ...
, died 997 or 1009
#
Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, 1037–1101
#
Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria
Henry IX (107513 December 1126), called the Black, a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Bavaria from 1120 to 1126.
Life and reign
Henry was the second son of Duke Welf I of Bavaria (died 1101) from his marriage with Judith, daughter of Cou ...
, 1074–1126
#
Henry X, Duke of Bavaria, 1108–1139
#
Henry the Lion, 1129–1195
#
William of Winchester, Lord of Lunenburg, 1184–1213
#
Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1204–1252
#
Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Albert the Tall ( lat, Albertus Longus, german: Albrecht der Große; 1236 – 15 August 1279), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1252 and the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbütte ...
, 1236–1279
#
Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Albert (Latin ''Albertus''; – 22 September 1318), called the Fat (''pinguis''), was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
The second son of Albert the Tall, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Albert was a boy when his father died in 1279. He was first un ...
, 1268–1318
#
Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1304–1369
#
Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1328–1373
#
Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1362–1434
#
Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1408–1478
#
Otto V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1439–1471
#
Heinrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1468–1532
#
Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg (german: Ernst der Bekenner; 27 June 1497 – 11 January 1546), also frequently called Ernest the Confessor, was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a champion of the Protestant cause during the early years of the Prote ...
, 1497–1546
#
William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1535–1592
#
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (17 February 1582, in Celle – 12 April 1641, in Hildesheim), ruled as Prince of Calenberg from 1635.
George was the sixth son of William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1535–1592) and Dorothea of Denmark (15 ...
, 1582–1641
#
Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, 1629–1698
#
George I of Great Britain
George I (George Louis; ; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Electorate of Hanover within the Holy Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727. He was the firs ...
, 1660–1727
#
George II of Great Britain
George II (George Augustus; german: link=no, Georg August; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( Hanover) and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 ...
, 1683–1760
#
Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1707–1751
#
George III of the United Kingdom
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until Acts of Union 1800, the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was ...
, 1738–1820
#
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, 1771–1851
#
George V of Hanover, 1819–1878
#
Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover
en, Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick
, house = Hanover
, father = George V of Hanover
, mother = Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover
, death_date =
, death_place = Gmu ...
, 1845–1923
#
Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, 1887–1953
#
Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover, 1914–1987
#
Ernst August, Prince of Hanover, b. 1954
#
Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, b. 1983
Legacy
Many towns and provinces across the
British Empire
The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading post ...
were named after the ruling House of Hanover and its members. They include the U.S. state of
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to t ...
, U.S. towns
Hanover, Massachusetts;
Hanover, New Hampshire
Hanover is a town located along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 11,870. The town is home to the Ivy League university Dartmouth College, the U.S. Army Corps of ...
;
Hanover, Pennsylvania;
Hanover Township, Jo Daviess County, Illinois
Hanover Township is one of twenty-three Civil township, townships in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,201 and it contained 689 housing units.
Geography
Accor ...
, counties
Hanover County, Virginia;
Caroline County, Virginia
Caroline County is a United States county located in the eastern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The northern boundary of the county borders on the Rappahannock River, notably at the historic town of Port Royal. The Caroline county seat ...
;
Brunswick County, Virginia
Brunswick County is a United States county located on the southern border of the Commonwealth of Virginia. This rural county is known as one of the claimants to be the namesake of Brunswick stew. Brunswick County was created in 1720 from parts ...
;
New Hanover County, North Carolina
New Hanover County is one of 100 counties located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 225,702. Though the second-smallest NC county in land area, it is one of the most populous, as its county seat, Wilm ...
;
Brunswick County, North Carolina
Brunswick County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 136,693. Its population was only 73,143 in 2000, making it one of the fastest-growing counties in the state. With a nom ...
;
King George County, Virginia
King George County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population sits at 26,723. Its county seat is the town of King George.
The county's largest employer is the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center ...
, places named
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to t ...
in New Jersey (e.g.
New Brunswick, NJ), Vermont, Arkansas and South Dakota, seven towns in the U.S. and Canada named after Queen
Charlotte
Charlotte ( ) is the List of municipalities in North Carolina, most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located in the Piedmont (United States), Piedmont region, it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, Meckl ...
. Furthermore the Canadian province of
New Brunswick
New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen Provinces and territories of Canada, provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic Canad ...
and towns
Hanover, Ontario,
Guelph
Guelph ( ; 2021 Canadian Census population 143,740) is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Known as "The Royal City", Guelph is roughly east of Kitchener and west of Downtown Toronto, at the intersection of Highway 6, Highway 7 and Well ...
; Ontario, and
Victoria, British Columbia
Victoria is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast. The city has a population of 91,867, and the Greater Victoria area has a population of 397,237. T ...
; in South Africa the town
Hanover, Northern Cape, in Australia the state
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in ...
and the city
Adelaide
Adelaide ( ) is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the list of cities in Australia by population, fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater A ...
, in the UK six and in the US thirteen towns named Brunswick. Furthermore one each in Australia and New Zealand, and worldwide more than fifty towns named Victoria. There are also numerous streets and squares, such as
Hanover Square, Westminster,
Hanover Square (Manhattan),
Hanover Square, Syracuse or
Queen Street, Brisbane
Queen Street is the main street of Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, Australia. It is named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
The western part of the street is covered by a new plaza at the base of Brisbane Square and underneath p ...
with its intersections named after members of the House.
Georgian architecture gives distinction to the architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830 in most
English-speaking countries
The following is a list of English-speaking population by country, including information on both native speakers and second-language speakers.
List
* The European Union is a supranational union composed of 27 member states. The total ...
.
See also
*
Family tree of the Hanoverian British monarchs
*
Georgian era
The Georgian era was a period in British history from 1714 to , named after the Hanoverian Kings George I, George II, George III and George IV. The definition of the Georgian era is often extended to include the relatively short reign of ...
for kings George I, II, III, IV
*
History of Hanover
Explanatory notes
References
Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Historiography
* Bultmann, William A. "Early Hanoverian England (1714–1760): Some Recent Writings," in Elizabeth Chapin Furber, ed. ''Changing views on British history: essays on historical writing since 1939'' (Harvard University Press, 1966), pp 181–205
*
* Snyder, Henry L. "Early Georgian England," in Richard Schlatter, ed., ''Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing since 1966'' (Rutgers UP, 1984), pp. 167–196, historiography
External links
*
Official website of the House of WelfHouse of HanoverArchive.org
The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music ...
British Hanoverian Family tree
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanover House of
Germany–United Kingdom relations
European royal families
History of Hanover (region)
New Hanover County, North Carolina
Royal houses of Britain