''Holoaden'', the highland frogs, is a small genus of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely semiaquatic group of short-bodied, tailless amphibian vertebrates composing the order (biology), order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek , literally 'without tail'). Frog species with rough ski ...

s in the family

Strabomantidae The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes '' Pristimantis'', the mo ...

. The species are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

to south-eastern Brazil.

Taxonomy

''Holoaden'' is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Holoadeninae that was erected in 2008 and placed in the newly erected family Strabomantidae. Prior to this, it had been placed in the genus

Brachycephalidae The Brachycephalidae () are a family of frogs confined to eastern and southern Brazil and northern Argentina. The family is composed of two externally quite different genera: the tiny, often (but not always) colourful and plump saddleback toads ...

Description

''Holoaden'' grow to snout–vent length at most. Head is narrower than the body. Differentiated

tympanic membrane In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressur ...

and tympanic annulus are absent. Dorsum is highly glandular. Venter is areolate.

Species

There are four recognized species in this genus: * ''

Holoaden bradei ''Holoaden bradei'', or the Itatiaia highland frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Itatiaia Mountains of south-eastern Brazil. It is restricted to an area of 10 km2 at an elevation of 2,400 to 2,600, ...

'' Lutz, 1958 * '' Holoaden luederwaldti'' Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 * '' Holoaden pholeter'' Pombal, Siqueira, Dorigo, Vrcibradic, and Rocha, 2008 * '' Holoaden suarezi'' Martins and Zaher, 2013

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2129401 Strabomantidae Endemic frogs of Brazil Amphibian genera Taxa named by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro