The Hezzab () is the

hafiz Hafiz () or Hafez may refer to: * Hafiz (Quran), a term used by Muslims for people who have completely memorized the Qur'an ** ''Al-Ḥafīẓ'', one of the names of God in Islam, meaning "the Ever-Preserving/Guardian/All-Watching/ Protector" Pe ...

qāriʾ A qāriʾ (, plural ''qurrāʾ'' or ''qaraʾa''; feminine form: qāriʾa ) is a person who recites the Quran with the proper rules of recitation ('' tajwid''). Although it is encouraged, a qāriʾ does not necessarily have to memorize the Qura ...

supervising or participating in the

Hizb Rateb The Hizb Rateb () is a collective recitation of Quran or dhikr or dua or wird done by murids and saliks in islamic sufism. Presentation The ''Hizb Rateb'' is a group tilawa of the Quran with one voice, in mosques, zawiyas, kuttabs and Qu ...

mosques A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were simple p ...

and

zawiyas in Algeria The Zawiyas in Algeria are religious buildings located in Algeria honoring the memory of patron saints and dedicated to Quranic and religious education. They are associated with Sufism, with each affiliated to a tariqa (torouq) brotherhood un ...

according to the

Algerian Islamic reference The Algerian Islamic reference is the fundamentalist and legal framework for the practice of the religion of Islam in Algeria within Sunnism under the tutelage of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments. Reference elements Sunnism A ...

under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments.

History

Mosques in Algeria This is a list of mosques in Algeria. According to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowment in 2006, there are around 15,000 mosques in Algeria as a whole, of which 450 are in the capital city of Algiers. 90% of which are built after th ...

recruit several ''hezzabine'' as salaried employees responsible for reciting the

on a daily basis, as well as the

Salka Salka () is a village and municipality in the Nové Zámky District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1156. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 110 metres ...

periodically, under the supervision of a ''

Bash Hezzab The Bash Hezzab () is the senior Hezzab supervising the Hizb Rateb and Salka (Sufism), Salka in Mosques in Algeria, mosques and zawiyas in Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Af ...

''. As an example, the had its employees such as ''Wakil'', ''

Imam Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...

'' and ''Hezzab'' among others.

Characteristics

The ''hezzab'' should be a

of the

Quran The Quran, also Romanization, romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a Waḥy, revelation directly from God in Islam, God (''Allah, Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which ...

as a whole, with the narration of

Warsh recitation The Warsh recitation or riwāyat Warsh ʿan Nāfiʿ' () is a qiraʿah of the Quran in Islam. It is, alongside the tradition which represents the recitation tradition of Kufa, one of the two main oral transmissions of the Quran in the Muslim ...

. When accomplishing the

Tilawa The Tilawa () is a recitation of the successive verses of the Qur'ān in a standardized and proven manner according to the rules of the ten recitations. Presentation # The ''Tilawa'' of the Quran is given in terms and meanings, because the Qi ...

, the condition of memorizing the entire Quran is because it is not suitable and acceptable for him to read from the

Mus'haf ''Mushaf'' (, ; plural ) is an Arabic word for a codex or collection of sheets, but also refers to a written copy of the Quran. The chapters of the Quran, which Muslims believe was revealed during a 23-year period in Muhammad's lifetime, were wr ...

while he leads the group of readers () and directing them at the same time. It is good for him to obtain a Quran

Idjaza An ''ijazah'' (, "permission", "authorization", "license"; plural: ''ijazahs'' or ''ijazat'') is a license authorizing its holder to transmit a certain text or subject, which is issued by someone already possessing such authority. It is particul ...

from an accredited body such as a zawiya or an ''Islamic institute'' to prove his merit for the position and religious responsibility. And he must possess a strong vocal layer that allows him to dominate the voice over the entirety of the

s during the

recitation. This is because the reading stations of the ''hezzab'' make its circle attractive, and dozens or even hundreds of worshipers visit the

mosque A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Salah, Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were si ...

for the daily participation in this collective recitation. According to the degree of skill, discipline, attractiveness of voice and performance, the ''hezzab'' can rise to the rank of ''

'' in the large mosques that contain many ''hezzabine''. After that, he can be promoted to the rank of a

muezzin The muezzin (; ), also spelled mu'azzin, is the person who proclaims the call to the daily prayer ( ṣalāt) five times a day ( Fajr prayer, Zuhr prayer, Asr prayer, Maghrib prayer and Isha prayer) at a mosque from the minaret. The muezzin ...

and then

imam Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...

, as was done in the past in the Algerian mosques and zawiyas.

Gallery

File:Ivan Bilibin 182.jpg, ''Hezzabine'' reading the

File:Quran Reading.JPG, ''Hezzabine'' reading the

File:Bruner-Dvorak, Rudolf - Bosna, medresa 2 (ca 1906).jpg, ''Hezzabine'' reading the

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hezzab Islam in Algeria Sufism in Algeria Sufism Warsh recitation

History

Characteristics

Gallery

See also

References