Harikambhoji

Harikambhoji (pronounced harikāmbhōji) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 28th ''Melakarta'' rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system.

One of the first scales employed by the ancient Tamils (3rd century BCE) was the ''Mullaipann'', a pentatonic scale composed of the notes ''sa ri ga pa da'', equivalent to C, D, E, G and A in the western notations. These fully harmonic scales, constitutes the raga Mohanam in the Carnatic music style. ''Mullaipann'' further evolved into ''Sempaalai'', a scale based on seven notes by the addition of two more notes, ''ma'' and ''ni'' to the pentatonic scale. ''Sempaalai pann'' corresponds to the Carnatic raga Harikambhoji.

'' Khamaj thaat'' of Hindustani Music is the equivalent to this rāgam.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras It is known as Harikedāragowla in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music.

In Western music, Mixolydian mode is this raga's equivalent.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 4th rāgam in the 5th ''chakra Bana''. The mnemonic name is ''Bana-Bhu''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ri ga ma pa dha ni sa''. Its structure is as follows (see ''swaras'' in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
* :
* :
(notes used in this scale are ''chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, chatushruti daivatam, kaishiki nishadham'')

It is a ''sampoorna'' rāgam – rāgam having all 7 ''swarams''. It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of '' Vachaspati'', which is the 64th ''melakarta''.

''Janya'' rāgams

''Harikambhoji'' has a lot of ''janya'' rāgams (derived rāgams) associated with it, of which '' Kambhoji'' is by far the most famous and frequently sung in concerts. The globally famous pentatonic scale '' Mohanam'' is also considered a ''janya'' of this rāgam. '' Andolika'' (also considered as ''janya'' of Kharaharapriya), '' Kamas'', '' Pashupatipriya'',
'' Kedaragaula'', '' Natakurinji'', '' Navarasa kannada'', '' Sahana'', ''Senchuruti'', '' Surutti'' and '' Yadukula kambhoji'' are also very popular janyas.

See List of ''janya'' rāgams for a full list of ''Harikambhoji's janya'' rāgams.

Compositions

Among the Trinity of Carnatic music, only Thyagaraja has composed songs in ''Harikambhoji''. He has composed the popular kritis ''Rama Nannu Brovara'', ''Entara Neethana'', ''Nenendhu Vedakudhura'', ''Enduku Nirdaya'', '' Undedi Ramudu'', ''Chanithodi'', ''Rara Phanishayana'', ''Dinamani Vamsha'' and ''Vinata Suta'' amongst many others.

Papanasam Sivan has composed ''Enadhu Manam Kavalai'', ''Pamalaikkinai Undo'' and ''Paadamalar Tunaiye'' which are popularly performed among other kritis.

Other popular compositions include:
''Muruga Tirumal Maruga'' by Thanjavur Sankara Iyer, ''Saketha Nagara Natha'' by Mysore Sadashiva Rao, ''Rama Na Moralincara'' by Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavathar, ''Karomi Smaranam Shashankavadanam'' by Ashok R Madhav and ''Vandhaadum Solai'' by Kalki Krishnamurthy.

Film Songs

Language:

Tamil

Language:

Hindi

Note that the following songs are composed in Khamaj, the equivalent of raga Harikambhoji in Carnatic music.

Language:

Malayalam

Janya 28th:Kuntalavarali Ragam

Ascending:S M1 P D2 N2 D2 S

Descending:S N2 D2 P M1 S

Film Songs:

Tamil

Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

''Harikambhoji's'' notes when shifted using ''Graha bhedam'', yields 5 other major ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely, '' Kalyani'', ''Sankarabharanam'', ''Natabhairavi'', ''Kharaharapriya'' and ''Hanumatodi''. For further details and an illustration refer related rāgams section in ''Shankarabharanam'' page.

Notes

References

{{Janya, state=collapsed

Melakarta ragas