''Hareket'' () was a monthly conservative political magazine which was published between 1939 and 1982 in Turkey with some interruptions. The magazine is known for its support of the Anadoluculuk () approach.

History and profile

''Hareket'' was established by Nurettin Topçu, a conservative intellectual, in Izmir in 1939. The first issue of the magazine appeared in February 1939. Its title was a reference to the action theory of

Maurice Blondel Maurice Blondel (; ; 2 November 1861 – 4 June 1949) was a French philosopher, whose most influential works, notably ''L'Action'', aimed at establishing the correct relationship between autonomous philosophical reasoning and Christian belief. ...

who was the teacher of Topçu. The magazine was edited by Nurettin Topçu. From the sixth issue the headquarters of the magazine moved to Istanbul. ''Hareket'' temporarily ceased publication in May 1943 and was restarted in March 1947. Its publication again ended in June 1949. The magazine was revived in December 1952, but ended publication June 1953. The magazine was restarted in January 1966 and continued its publication until March 1977. The magazine was again restarted in March 1979 and permanently folded in March 1982 after producing a total of 187 issues. Both the title and subtitle of the magazine were changed during its run. It was ''Hareket: Fikir-Sanat'' () between February 1939 and May 1943. Its subtitle was ''Fikir-Ahlak-Sanat'' () from March 1947 to June 1949 and ''Aylık Siyasi Mecmua'' () from December 1952 to January 1953. Then it was redesigned as ''Aylık Fikir Mecmuası'' () in February 1953 and was used until June 1953. The magazine was renamed as ''Fikir ve Sanatta Hareket'' () in January 1966, and that title was employed until its closure in March 1982.

Contributors

Topçu published many articles in ''Hareket'' and discussed metaphysical and practical issues about the state and social structure that the Turkish nation should have. Major contributors of ''Hareket'' included Mehmet Kaplan,

Hilmi Ziya Ülken Hilmi Ziya Ülken (1901–1974) was a Turkish scholar and writer who had an influential role in the development of sociological and philosophical views in Turkey. In addition to his scientific work, he produced literary work, including poems. Ea ...

, Ahmet Kabaklı,

Ali Fuat Başgil Ali Fuat Başgil (1893–1967) was a Turkish politician and a faculty member of Istanbul University and Ankara University. He is one of the influential figures of the conservative political waves in Turkey. Following his dismissal from the univer ...

, İsmail Kara,

Beşir Ayvazoğlu Beşir Ayvazoğlu (born 11 February 1953, Zara, Sivas) is a Turkish lyricist, writer and journalist. Ayvazoğlu graduated from the Bursa Institute of Education, Department of Literature. He taught Turkish and literature at various high school ...

, Mükrimin Halil Yınanç, Süleyman Uludağ,

Ayhan Songar Ayhan Songar (1926–1997) was a Turkish academic and psychiatrist. He is also known for his activities in sufism, music, cybernetics and photography. He was part of the conservative think thank Intellectuals' Hearth (IH) and headed the Green C ...

Halit Refiğ Halit Refiğ (5 March 1934 – 11 October 2009) was a Turkish film director, film producer, screenwriter and writer. He made around sixty films, including feature films, documentaries and TV serials. He is considered to be the pioneer of th ...

Yaşar Nuri Öztürk Yaşar Nuri Öztürk (February 5, 1951 – June 22, 2016) was a Turkish Islamic scholar, university professor of Islamic philosophy, lawyer, columnist and a former member of Turkish parliament. He has been described as a Quranist and has given ...

, Orhan Okay, Mustafa Kara,

Cemil Meriç Hüseyin Cemil Meriç (December 12, 1916 – June 13, 1987) was a Turkish writer and translator who wrote various articles in social sciences and contributed to Turkish literature with his twelve books in the twentieth century. Early life He ...

, Emin Işık, Hüseyin Hatemi, Hüsrev Hatemi, Ziyaeddin Fahri Fındıkoğlu, Ali Bulaç, Hüseyin Batuhan and Remzi Oğuz Arık.

Content and views

''Hareket'' featured articles by Turkish writers and thinkers. In addition, it published interviews and translations of the work by Western and Eastern writers, including

Stefan Zweig Stefan Zweig ( ; ; 28 November 1881 – 22 February 1942) was an Austrian writer. At the height of his literary career, in the 1920s and 1930s, he was one of the most widely translated and popular writers in the world. Zweig was raised in V ...

Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...

Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, m ...

René Wellek René Wellek (August 22, 1903 – November 10, 1995) was a Czech- American comparative literary critic. Like Erich Auerbach, Wellek was a product of the Central European philological tradition and was known as a "fair-minded critic of crit ...

Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution re ...

Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Thakur (; anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore ; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengalis, Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter of the Bengal Renai ...

Jacques Prévert Jacques Prévert (; 4 February 1900 – 11 April 1977) was a French poet and screenwriter. His poems became and remain popular in the French-speaking world, particularly in schools. His best-regarded films formed part of the Poetic realism, poetic ...

Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe (; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales involving mystery and the macabre. He is widely re ...

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal (19June 162319August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest ...

Charles Péguy Charles Pierre Péguy (; 7 January 1873 – 5 September 1914) was a French poet, essayist, and editor. His two main philosophies were socialism and nationalism; by 1908 at the latest, after years of uneasy agnosticism, he had become a believing ( ...

, Frederick Mayer,

André Maurois André Maurois (; born Émile Salomon Wilhelm Herzog; 26 July 1885 – 9 October 1967) was a French author. Biography Maurois was born on 26 July 1885 in Elbeuf and educated at the Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen, both in Normandy. A member of ...

Irving Kristol Irving William Kristol (; January 22, 1920 – September 18, 2009) was an American journalist and writer. As a founder, editor, and contributor to various magazines, he played an influential role in the intellectual and political culture of the la ...

Karl Jaspers Karl Theodor Jaspers (; ; 23 February 1883 – 26 February 1969) was a German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy. His 1913 work ''General Psychopathology'' influenced many ...

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German Philosophy, philosopher and one of the central Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works ...

Victor Hugo Victor-Marie Hugo, vicomte Hugo (; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French Romanticism, Romantic author, poet, essayist, playwright, journalist, human rights activist and politician. His most famous works are the novels ''The Hunchbac ...

Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics ...

Raymond Aron Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron (; ; 14 March 1905 – 17 October 1983) was a French philosopher, sociologist, political scientist, historian and journalist, one of France's most prominent thinkers of the 20th century. Aron is best known for his ...

Julien Benda Julien Benda (; 26 December 1867 – 7 June 1956) was a French philosopher and novelist, known as an essayist and cultural critic. He is best known for his short book, ''La Trahison des Clercs'' from 1927 (''The Treason of the Intellectuals'' or ...

Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; ; 29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, widely considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his b ...

Miguel de Unamuno Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (; ; 29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca. His major philosophical ...

Will Durant William James Durant (; November 5, 1885 – November 7, 1981) was an American historian and philosopher, best known for his eleven-volume work, '' The Story of Civilization'', which contains and details the history of Eastern and Western civil ...

Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2October 186930January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalism, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethics, political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful Indian ...

and

André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French writer and author whose writings spanned a wide variety of styles and topics. He was awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature. Gide's career ranged from his begi ...

. Since its early issues, ''Hareket'' attached new meanings to the concepts of religion, nationalism, social order and revolution which differed from the official views. It promoted an understanding of nationalism which was different from

Ziya Gökalp Mehmet Ziya Gökalp (born Mehmed Ziya, 23 March 1876 – 25 October 1924) was a Turkish sociologist, writer, poet, and politician. After the 1908 Young Turk Revolution that reinstated constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire, he adopted the pen ...

's nationalism. For ''Hareket'' a national history existed within the borders of

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

, and this approach is called Anadoluculuk (). In this approach Turkishness develops within

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

. Although ''Hareket'' was a political publication, it did not support any political party.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hareket 1939 establishments in Turkey 1982 disestablishments in Turkey Defunct political magazines published in Turkey Defunct conservative magazines Defunct Turkish-language magazines Magazines established in 1939 Magazines disestablished in 1982 Magazines published in Istanbul Monthly magazines published in Turkey Nationalist magazines