Hanaa Malallah (born 1958) is an

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

i artist and educator living in

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. Her surname also appears in English as Mal-Allah. She is noted for developing the technique called the ''Ruins Technique'' in which found objects are incorporated into artwork.

Life and career

Hanaa Malallah was born in Theeqar, Iraq in 1958. She moved to

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

with her family when she was aged five years. Growing up in Baghdad, she experienced the multiple conflicts and revolutions that ravaged her country. These experiences had a major influence on her work. She received a Diploma in Graphic Art from the Institute of Fine Arts in

where she studied with

Shakir Hassan Al Said Shakir Hassan Al Said () (1925–2004), an Iraqi painter, sculptor and writer, is considered one of Iraq's most innovative and influential artists. An artist, philosopher, art critic and art historian, he was actively involved in the formation of ...

, obtained a BA in painting from the Academy of Fine Arts in Baghdad (1988), an MA in painting (2000) and a

PhD A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...

in the philosophy of painting from the

University of Baghdad The University of Baghdad (UOB) (, also known as Baghdad University) is a public university, public research university in Baghdad, Iraq. It is the largest university in Iraq and the tenth largest in the Arab world. History The College of Isl ...

(2001) with her thesis entitled, ''Logic Order in Ancient Mesopotamian Painting.'' She also holds a post-graduate certificate in

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and

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from School of Oriental and African Studies, London University. She has taught at the Institute of Fine Arts and the University of Fine Arts in Baghdad and holds a fellowship at the

Chelsea College of Arts Chelsea College of Arts is a Colleges of the University of the Arts London, constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England. It offers further education, further and higher educ ...

. She is part of the so-called ''Eighties Generation'' as the group of Iraqi artists active during the 1980s are known. This group drew inspiration from the

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, as Mallalah herself acknowledges in her essay, "Consciousness of Isolation," published in 2001. As a female artist and professor of art, working in Iraq in the 70s and 80s, she received a number of threats against her life. For this reason, she felt that she had no choice but to leave Iraq and accept a new life outside her native land.Shabout (2014), p. 95. In 2006, she left Iraq to take up a fellowship in

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."Hanaa Malallah," iography

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Online
She ultimately settled in London from 2007. However, she has said that she feels spiritually depleted living outside Iraq. In 2012, she held a fellowship at the

in London.

Work

Much of her work deals with themes around the "chaos of war" which she had experienced in Iraq.Rellstab, F.H. and Schlote, C., ''Representations of War, Migration, and Refugeehood: Interdisciplinary Perspectives,'' Routledge, 19 September 2014, p. 76. In particular, her work explores the search for identity in the aftermath of war, the destruction of cultural materials and the isolation of artists. Beginning in the 1970s, while still in Iraq, Malallah developed a technique which she called the ''ruins technique.'' Born out of the scarcity of art materials in war-ravaged Iraq, she turned to items that were readily available in her immediate surroundings, such as burnt paper, torn cloth, barbed wire, splintered wood and bullets. In an interview, the artist explains the philosophy behind the ruins technique: Due to the disenfranchisement of Iraqi female artists after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, many Iraqi women were subjugated to traditional gender roles and barred from being in spaces that they had once been the majority of-including art. Nonetheless, Hanaa has refused to gender her art despite much of her artwork being influenced by the chaos of the invasion. In Nusair's article she mentions that Malallah "argues that art has no gender, and its concern is the work and its aesthetics." Her belief in art being genderless is shown in her artwork titled ''She/He Has No Picture'' which she installed in 2019 in remembrance of those who died in a bombing of a Baghdad neighborhood. In an interview with Ruba Asfahani, Malallah speaks about her abstract art techniques, which is also her signature that includes the numbers "5.50.1.1.40.1.30.30.5" Each of these numbers correspond to the arabic alphabet. Malallah mentions that these numbers of importance to her due to her knowledge corresponding with how the Mesopotamians wrote with shapes instead of letters, and how art can be understood through a logical order. In the interview, Malallah explains: "This has caused me to become much more sensitive to every line and every drop of paint in my work." The arabic cultural magazine ''Qafila'' has described one of the elements of Malallah's work that make her art stand out as ''Matter''. The author, Fada Sabeety, describes three of Malallah's artwork that uses this element along with the methods and techniques Malallah uses to represent it. One of the methods that represent ''Matter'' is the use of raw materials on a canvas, which is essential to many of Malallah's work.Sabeety, Fada. “Hanaa Malallah, Symbols and New Vocabulary of a heritage with a loud voice.” Qafila. May–June 202

/ref> Three of these works which Sabeety mentions are "Illuminated ruins", "Study of a skull", and "Camouflage." The raw material in question is a white cloth that is burned for a specified period of time in order to achieve the black, brown, and beige colors. Malallah is very precise with the end product of the cloth, as the raw cloth represents the essence of many of her works. A curatorial note written by Saleem Al-Bahloly describes Hanaa's artwork as influenced by the catastrophic destruction of Iraq.Al-Bahloly, Saleem. “Sophisticated Ways in the Destruction of an Ancient City: Curatorial Note” Qui Parle Spring/summer 2009, Vol. 17, No. 2 pp 103-10

/ref> Al-Bahloly mentions that Malallah created the art image ''Iraq, New Map/US Map'' from this influence of chaos where she created a cartography of Iraq with pieces of scorched paper When Malallah first moved to London, her first production ''The Name of the flower'' was reminiscent of the chaos of war and the influence of the history of Iraq. What makes this stand out is that it is a ''daftar'' or leaf artbook that Malallah has created to combine the chaos of Iraq along with its history. Her work has been described as reminiscent of ''Nouveau réalisme.'' Her work is represented in the

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's permanent collection and is also included in the collections of Jordan's Museum of Fine Arts in

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, the Centre for Modern Art in Baghdad, the

Arab Museum of Modern Art Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art (متحف : المتحف العربي للفن الحديث) is a museum in Doha, Qatar with over 9,000 objects. Established in 2010, it is considered a major cultural attraction in the country. Mathaf houses ...

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and the Barjeel Art Foundation in Sharja.

Gallery

Exhibitions

* ''Strokes of Genius,'' Brunei Gallery, 2000 * ''“Expression of Hope,'' Aya Gallery, 2003 * ''Contemporary Iraqi Art,'' eaturing Malallah and four other Iraqi artists Pomegranate Gallery, May–June, 2008 * ''Ashes to Art: The Iraqi Phoenix,'' eaturing Malallah and four other Iraqi artists living in exile Curated by Peter Hastings Falk, Pomegranate Gallery, 2005Bocco, R., Hamit, B. and Sluglett, P. (eds), ''Writing The Modern History Of Iraq: Historiographical And Political Challenges,''

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, 2012, p. 491 * ''Iraq's Past Speaks to the Present,''

* ''Sophisticated Ways: Destruction of an Ancient City'' oint exhibition with Rashad Salim 6 June – 6 September, Aya Art Gallery, LondonShabout (2014), p. 100. * ''Iraqi Artists in Exile,'' ith 14 other notable Iraqi artists including Shakir Hasan Al Said and Dia Azzawi">Dia_Azzawi.html" ;"title="ith 14 other notable Iraqi artists including Shakir Hasan Al Said and Dia Azzawi">ith 14 other notable Iraqi artists including Shakir Hasan Al Said and Dia Azzawi Curated by Alan Schnitger, Station Museum of Contemporary Art, Houston, 1 November 2008 – 1 February 2009 *''Hanaa Malallah, From Figuration to Abstraction'', The Park Gallery 2018

Select list of notable artworks

* ''Codes and Signs,'' mixed media on canvas, 77 × 77 cm, 1998 * ''Looting of a Baghdadi Manuscript,'' oil on wood, 8 × 97 cm, 2003 * ''Omen of the Burning City,'' ook art mixed media on paper and canvas, 50 x 50 cm, 2007 * ''Baghdad City Map,'' mixed media on paper and canvas, 180 x 180 cm, 2007 *''My Country Map,'' 2008 *''Abstract, Figurative,'' 2011 * ''Mesopotamian Rhythm,'' 2012Shabout (2014), p. 206. *''My Night 16–17.01.1991,'' 2012–2013 *''Arabesque III,'' 2013–2016 *''Three Red Roses,'' 2016

Select list of publications

* ''Iraq: How, Where, for Whom?'' by Hanaa Malallah, A.M. Qattan Foundation, 2012

Awards and recognition

Malallah received a prize awarded by the

Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization The Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) is a Tunis-based Institutions of the Arab League, institution of the Arab League, established in accordance with article 3 of the Arab Cultural Unity Charter by an announc ...

References

Bibliography

* *Ruba Asfahani
Interview With Hanaa Malallah: Iraq’s Pioneering Female Artist
28 November 2016 {{DEFAULTSORT:Malallah, Hanaa 1958 births Living people 20th-century Iraqi painters 21st-century Iraqi painters 20th-century war artists Iraqi abstract painters University of Baghdad alumni Alumni of SOAS University of London Academic staff of the University of Baghdad Alumni of the University of the Arts London Artist authors Artists from London Iraqi contemporary artists Iraqi expatriates in England Iraqi women painters People from Dhi Qar Province 20th-century women painters 21st-century women painters Iraqi art educators Iraqi women educators