Hallau is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the

canton Canton may refer to: Administrative divisions * Canton (administrative division), territorial/administrative division in some countries * Township (Canada), known as ''canton'' in Canadian French Arts and entertainment * Canton (band), an It ...

Schaffhausen Schaffhausen (; ; ; ; ), historically known in English as Shaffhouse, is a list of towns in Switzerland, town with historic roots, a municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in northern Switzerland, and the capital of the canton of Schaffh ...

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

History

Though

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

weapons have been found in Hallau, the first traces of a settlement date from the

Roman era In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, collapse of the Western Roman Em ...

. A Roman warehouse was found in Hüttenhau as well as numerous

Roman coins Roman currency for most of Roman history consisted of gold, silver, bronze, orichalcum#Numismatics, orichalcum and copper coinage. From its introduction during the Roman Republic, Republic, in the third century BC, through Roman Empire, Imperial ...

. The area was settled by the

Alamanni The Alemanni or Alamanni were a confederation of Germanic tribes * * * on the Upper Rhine River during the first millennium. First mentioned by Cassius Dio in the context of the campaign of Roman emperor Caracalla of 213 CE, the Alemanni c ...

. An Alamanni graveyard exists near the Church of St. Moritz, as well as the ruins of the Alamanni village of Atlingen. Hallau is first mentioned in 1095 as ''Hallaugia superiori et inferiori''. In 1273 it was mentioned as ''Hallowe''. Until 1526 it was part of

Oberhallau Oberhallau is a Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Schaffhausen (canton), Schaffhausen in Switzerland. History Both Hallau and Oberhallau are first mentioned in 1095 as ''Hallaugia superiori et i ...

. About two-thirds of the land in Hallau was originally owned by the

Benedictine The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict (, abbreviated as O.S.B. or OSB), are a mainly contemplative monastic order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. Initiated in 529, th ...

monastery of All Saints in Schaffhausen. In the tax record from 1100, there are no

vineyards A vineyard ( , ) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines. Many vineyards exist for winemaking; others for the production of raisins, table grapes, and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is kno ...

mentioned in the villages. It is not until the ''Kelhofbrief'' of 1280 that the local vineyards first appear. In 1302 the

Bishop of Konstanz The Prince-Bishopric of Constance () was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from the mid-12th century until its secularisation in 1802–1803. In his dual capacity as prince and as bishop, the prince-bishop also admini ...

acquired the

vogt An , sometimes simply advocate, (German, ), or (French, ), was a type of medieval office holder, particularly important in the Holy Roman Empire, who was delegated some of the powers and functions of a major feudal lord, or for an institutio ...

ei rights over both villages. In 1343 the village organized the ''Gebursami ze Hallow'' and secured the market rights, a mill, salt tax and other rights for themselves. In the 2nd half of the 15th Century the Bishop and the

Landgrave Landgrave (, , , ; , ', ', ', ', ') was a rank of nobility used in the Holy Roman Empire, and its former territories. The German titles of ', ' ("margrave"), and ' ("count palatine") are of roughly equal rank, subordinate to ' ("duke"), and su ...

of Sulz fought over the

High justice High, middle and low justices are notions dating from Western feudalism to indicate descending degrees of judicial power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents. The scale ...

rights in the

Klettgau Klettgau (High Alemannic: ''Chleggau'') is a municipality in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the center of the ''Klettgau'' historical region stretching across the Swiss border into the cantons of Aargau, Schaffhaus ...

valley. During the

Late Middle Ages The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the Periodization, period of History of Europe, European history lasting from 1300 to 1500 AD. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period ( ...

and the

Early modern period The early modern period is a Periodization, historical period that is defined either as part of or as immediately preceding the modern period, with divisions based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity. There i ...

the villages expanded. They purchased the Lauferberg at some point, in 1457 they bought the Vogtei Wunderklingen an der Wutach and in 1507 the

weir A weir or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the water level. Weirs are also used to control the flow of water for outlets of l ...

and water mill.

Geography

Hallau has an area, , of . Of this area, 50.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 40.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 8.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.5%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes). The municipality is located in the Unterklettgau district. It is an old

market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...

that is now a

winemaking Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its Ethanol fermentation, fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making stretches over ...

village. Hallau is located on the south foot of the Hallauerberg. Until 1934 Hallau was known as Unterhallau.Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz
published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 23 September 2009

Climate

Hallau has an

Oceanic Climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen climate classification, Köppen classification represented as ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of co ...

(Cfb) closely bordering on a Warm summer humid continental climate (Dfb) according to the

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

, with an average of 118.6 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives of

precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwe ...

. The precipitation rates are somewhat lower when compared to other places in northern Switzerland due to the

region's location in the rain shadow of the

Black Forest The Black Forest ( ) is a large forested mountain range in the States of Germany, state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is th ...

mountains.

Demographics

Hallau has a population () of 2,014, of which 15.0% are foreign nationals. Of the foreign population, (), 31.9% are from Germany, 9.3% are from

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

, 7.3% are from

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

, 33.2% are from

Macedonia Macedonia (, , , ), most commonly refers to: * North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia * Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity * Macedonia (Greece), a former administr ...

, and 18.3% are from another country.Statistical Office of the Canton of Schaffhausen
accessed 2 December 2009 Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -1.9%. Most of the population () speaks German (91.9%), with Albanian being second most common ( 3.3%) and Italian being third ( 1.7%).
accessed 9 December 2009 The age distribution of the population () is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.3%. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 52% of the vote. The next two most popular parties were the SP (27.4%), and the FDP (20.6%) . The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Hallau about 81% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory

upper secondary education Secondary education is the education level following primary education and preceding tertiary education. Level 2 or ''lower secondary education'' (less commonly ''junior secondary education'') is considered the second and final phase of basic e ...

or additional higher education (either university or a ''

Fachhochschule A (; plural ), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a Hochschule, German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts, such as engineering, te ...

''). In Hallau, , 1.7% of the population attend

kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cen ...

or another pre-school, 6.74% attend a

Primary School A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore), elementary school, or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ...

, 4.35% attend a lower level Secondary School, and 2.7% attend a higher level Secondary School. Hallau-Kirche

, 14.3% of the population belonged to the Roman

Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

and 67.9% belonged to the

Swiss Reformed Church The Protestant Church in Switzerland (PCS), formerly named Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches until 31 December 2019, is a federation of 25 member churches – 24 cantonal churches and the Evangelical-Methodist Church of Switzerland. The P ...

. The historical population is given in the following table:

Heritage sites of national significance

The ''Bergkirche St. Moritz'' (mountain or hill church of St. Moritz) is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The church was built in 1491. Due to the number of old Alemanni graves and artifacts, the church was pilgrimage site until the Protestant

Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...

. In 1505/08 the church became independent of the

parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the Church (building), church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in com ...

Neunkirch Neunkirch is a small, historic town and a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It is set in the south of the Lange Rande (), part of the mountains range Randen. Name The first documentary record of Neunkirch is in 850; t ...

and became the parish of Unterhallau. The Church of St. Moritz became the new parish church. Additionally, the entire village of Gächlingen is designated as part of the

Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites The Federal Inventory of Heritage Sites (ISOS) is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage. Sites of national importance Types The types are based on t ...

Coat of arms

The

blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct an accurate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The visual d ...

of the municipal

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

is ''Gules a Fleur de lis Argent between two Mullets Or in pale.''Flags of the World.com
accessed 9 December 2009

Economy

Hallau has an unemployment rate of 0.96%. , there were 240 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 69 businesses involved in this sector. 277 people are employed in the

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...

and there are 35 businesses in this sector. 286 people are employed in the

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the ...

, with 69 businesses in this sector. the mid year average unemployment rate was 1.1%. There were 100 non-agrarian businesses in the municipality and 48.1% of the (non-agrarian) population was involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 51.9% were involved in the third. At the same time, 63.1% of the working population was employed full-time, and 36.9% was employed part-time. There were 615 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 48.9% of the workforce. there were 570 residents who worked in the municipality, while 451 residents worked outside Hallau and 240 people commuted into the municipality for work. , there are 5 restaurants, and 1 hotel with 14 beds. The hospitality industry in Hallau employs 14 people.

Border crossings

Border crossings into Germany are located between Hallau town and Eberfingen; and between the village of Wunderklingen with

Eggingen Eggingen is a municipality in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. There is an international border crossing to the village of Wunderklingen in the neighbouring canton of Schaffhausen Schaffhausen (; ; ; ; ), histor ...

, both in Waldshut district in

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg ( ; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a states of Germany, German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million i ...

state.

References

External links

* {{Authority control Municipalities of the canton of Schaffhausen Germany–Switzerland border crossings Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Schaffhausen