The Hadharem (; singular: Hadhrami, ) are an

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

-speaking

ethnographic group An ethnographic group or ethnocultural group is a group that has cultural traits that make it stand out from the larger ethnic group it is a part of. In other words, members of an ethnographic group will also consider themselves to be members of a ...

indigenous to the

Hadhramaut Hadhramaut ( ; ) is a geographic region in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula which includes the Yemeni governorates of Hadhramaut, Shabwah and Mahrah, Dhofar in southwestern Oman, and Sharurah in the Najran Province of Saudi A ...

region in the

Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula (, , or , , ) or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At , comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world. Geographically, the ...

, which is part of modern-day

Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...

. The spoken language of the Hadharem is

Hadhrami Arabic Hadhrami Arabic () is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Hadharem living in the region of Hadhramaut in southeastern Yemen. It is also spoken by many emigrants, who migrated from Hadhramaut to the Horn of Africa (Somalia and Eritrea), East Afr ...

. Among the two million inhabitants of

, there are about 1,300 distinct tribes.

Society

Hadhramaut was under Muslim rule and converted to the faith during the time of

Prophet Muhammad In Islam, Muhammad () is venerated as the Seal of the Prophets who transmitted the Quran, eternal word of God () from the Angels in Islam, angel Gabriel () to humans and jinn. Muslims believe that the Quran, the central religious text of Isl ...

. A religious leader from Iraq introduced the Hadharem to

Ibadi Islam Ibadism (, ) is a school of Islam concentrated in Oman established from within the Kharijites. The followers of the Ibadi sect are known as the Ibadis or, as they call themselves, The People of Truth and Integrity (). Ibadism emerged around 60 ...

in the mid-eighth century until in 951 AD when Sunnis took Hadhramaut and put it under their domain. To this day the Hadharem follow

Sunni Islam Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr ...

, specifically the

Shafi'i school The Shafi'i school or Shafi'i Madhhab () or Shafi'i is one of the four major schools of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), belonging to the Ahl al-Hadith tradition within Sunni Islam. It was founded by the Muslim scholar, jurist, and traditionis ...

. Hadharem women have had more freedom and education than women in many other Arab countries.

Social hierarchy

Language

The Hadharem speak

, a dialect of

, although Hadharem living in the diaspora that have acculturated mainly speak the local language of the region they live in.

Diaspora

The Hadharem have a long seafaring and trading tradition that predates Semitic cultures. Hadramite influence was later overshadowed by the rise of the

Sabaeans Sheba, or Saba, was an ancient South Arabian kingdom that existed in Yemen from to . Its inhabitants were the Sabaeans, who, as a people, were indissociable from the kingdom itself for much of the 1st millennium BCE. Modern historians agree th ...

, who became the ruling class. This prompted Hadhrami families to emigrate in large numbers around the

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), ...

basin, including the

Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...

, the

Swahili Coast The Swahili coast () is a coastal area of East Africa, bordered by the Indian Ocean and inhabited by the Swahili people. It includes Sofala (located in Mozambique); Mombasa, Gede, Kenya, Gede, Pate Island, Lamu, and Malindi (in Kenya); and Dar es ...

, the

Malabar Coast The Malabar Coast () is the southwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. It generally refers to the West Coast of India, western coastline of India stretching from Konkan to Kanyakumari. Geographically, it comprises one of the wettest regio ...

Hyderabad Hyderabad is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of , much ...

South India South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of ...

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

, and

Maritime Southeast Asia Maritime Southeast Asia comprises the Southeast Asian countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor. The terms Island Southeast Asia and Insular Southeast Asia are sometimes given the same meaning as ...

. In the mid 1930s the Hadhrami Diaspora numbered at 110,000, amounting to a third of the total Hadhrami population.

Hadharem in the Arabian Peninsula

Hadharami communities exist in western Yemen, the trading ports of the

Arab states of the Persian Gulf The Arab states of the Persian Gulf, also known as the Gulf Arab states (), refers to a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf. There are seven member states of the Arab League in the region: Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi ...

, and on the coast of the

Red Sea The Red Sea is a sea inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Its connection to the ocean is in the south, through the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and the Gulf of Aden. To its north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and th ...

. The money changers in

Jeddah Jeddah ( ), alternatively transliterated as Jedda, Jiddah or Jidda ( ; , ), is a List of governorates of Saudi Arabia, governorate and the largest city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia, and the country's second largest city after Riyadh, located ...

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...

have historically been of Hadhrami origin.

Hadhrami East Africans

The Hadharem have long had a presence in the Horn of Africa (

Djibouti Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

and

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

), and also comprise a notable part of the Harari population. Hadhrami settlers were instrumental in helping to consolidate the

Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...

community in the coastal Benadir province of Somalia, in particular. During the colonial period, disgruntled Hadharem from the tribal wars settled in various Somali towns. They were also frequently recruited into the armies of the Somali Sultanates. Some Hadhrami communities also reportedly exist in

Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...

Comoros The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni, ...

, and

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

Hadhrami Jews

The vast majority of the Hadhrami Jews now live in Israel.

List of Hadhrami Diaspora

Sri Lankan Moors Sri Lankan Moors (; Arwi: ; ; formerly Ceylon Moors; colloquially referred to as Sri Lankan Muslims) are an ethnic minority group in Sri Lanka, comprising 9.3% of the country's total population. Most of them are native speakers of the Tamil langua ...

* Arab Filipino *

Arab Indonesian Arab Indonesians (), or colloquially known as Jama'ah, are Indonesian citizens of mixed Arab, mainly Hadharem from Yemen, and Indonesian descent. The ethnic group generally also includes those of Arab descent from other Middle Eastern Arabic sp ...

* Arab Malaysian * Arab Singaporean *

Chaush The Chaush or Chaus are a community who are of Hadhrami Arab descent. They are found in the Deccan region of India.Omar KhalidiThe Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabadin Mediaeval Deccan History, eds Kulkarni, Naeem and de Souza, Popular Prakashan ...

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

* Sodagar (Gujarati Shaikh) *

Konkani Muslims Konkani Muslims (or ''Kokani'' Muslims) are an ethnoreligious subgroup of the Konkani people of the Konkani region along the west coast of India, who practice Islam. '' Nawayath'' and " Nakhuda" Muslims from the North Canara district of Karn ...

of the Konkani division of

Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...

(partially) *

Nawayath The Nawayath (also spelled as Navayath and Nawayat and also called Nait, Naiti, Naithee and Naita) are an Indian community and a subgroup of Konkani Muslims. They speak the Nawayathi dialect of Konkani. The term, as described by Qanoon-e-Isl ...

, of

Goa Goa (; ; ) is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is bound by the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north, and Karnataka to the ...

and

Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...

, India;

Barkas, Hyderabad Barkas is a neighborhood in Hyderabad, India, located in the old city area of Hyderabad. The name "Barkas" is believed to be derived from the English word "Barracks". The old Arabs pronounced Barracks as Barkas in their Arabic flow. Barkas serv ...

, India *

Mappila Malabar Muslims or Muslim Mappilas are members of the Muslim community found predominantly in Kerala and the Lakshadweep islands in Southern India. The term Mappila (Ma-Pilla) is used to describe Malabar Muslims in Northern Kerala. Muslims sh ...

Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...

, India * Hadhrami Jews in

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

and abroad * The Surti Sunni Vohra Community in

Gujarat Gujarat () is a States of India, state along the Western India, western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the List of states and union territories ...

that are partially of Hadhrami descent * Lemba people (Sena) who are of paternal Yemeni ancestry via Hadhramautic settlers in South East Africa; These Hadhrami settlers were primarily from the city of

Sana The Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) () is a Syrian state-owned news agency, linked to the country's ministry of information. It was established in June 1965. SANA publishes more than 500 news stories and 150 photos on a daily basis and operate ...

Notable people

Yemen

* Mohammed A. Al-Hadhrami, former Foreign Minister of the Republic of Yemen (2019-2020) *

Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri As-Sayyid Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri (born in November 1943) is a Yemeni opposition leader. He was the vice-president of the Presidency Council of the short-lived Government of the Democratic Republic of Yemen that was established on May 21, 1994. ...

, politician *

Abdulaziz Al-Saqqaf Professor Abdulaziz Y. Al-Saqqaf (24 October 1951 in Taiz – 2 June 1999) was a Yemeni human-rights activist, economist, and journalist. Saqqaf established the ''Yemen Times'', unified Yemen's first and most widely read English language, Engli ...

, human-rights activist * Faisal Bin Shamlan, politician *

Habib Ali al-Jifri Habib Ali Zain al-Abidin al-Jifri (; born 16 April 1971) is a Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar and spiritual educator based in Cairo, Egypt. He is the founder of Tabah Foundation (), a research institute based in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Early life Ali Zain ...

, Islamic scholar * Habib Umar bin Hafiz, Islamic scholar * Habib Abdullah bin Alwi al-Haddad,

Sufi Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...

saint * Imam Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam, founder of

Ba'alawi The Ba 'Alawi sada (), or the House of Ba 'Alawi (), is a group of Hadhrami Sayyid families and social group originating in Hadhramaut in the southwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula. They trace their lineage to Ahmad al-Muhajir who was born i ...

Sufi order *

Sayyid Abu Bakr Al-Aidarus (saint) Abu Bakr al-ʿAydarūs, also known as Sayyid Abū Bakr al- ʿAdanī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAydarūs (; 1447–1508J. Spencer Trimingham, John O. Voll, ''The Sufi Orders in Islam'', pg 73) was a Hadhrami religious scholar of Sufism and a poet w ...

Swahili Coast

* Awadh Saleh Sherman,

Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...

, businessman *

Najib Balala Najib Balala (born 20 September 1967) is a Kenyan politician who formerly served as the Cabinet Secretary for Tourism. He traces his ancestral origin to the Hadhrami people of Yemen. He is a former M.P. for Mvita Constituency and leader of ...

, former Minister of Tourism *

Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi Sayyid Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi (, born 5 June 1958) is a Comorian Islamic leader and politician, who served as the eighth President of Comoros from 2006 to 2011. He is popularly known as 'Ayatollah'. After easily winning the 14 May 2006 ...

, former

President of Comoros This article lists the heads of state of the Comoros, since the country gained independence from France in 1975. Term limits A new constitution, approved in the 2018 constitutional referendum allows the president to run for two consecutive f ...

Habib Salih Habib Swaleh () or Salih bin Alawi Jamal al-Layl () (1853-1936) was an Islamic scholar who resided in Lamu, Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 m ...

Lamu Lamu or Lamu Town is a small town on Lamu Island, which in turn is a part of the Lamu Archipelago in Kenya. Situated by road northeast of Mombasa that ends at Mokowe Jetty, from where the sea channel has to be crossed to reach Lamu Isla ...

, Kenya, religious scholar * Khadija Abdalla Bajaber,

Mombasa Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital status in 1907. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is ...

, Kenya, poet and novelist

North Africa

* Artega tribe,

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

Horn of Africa

Mohammed Al Amoudi Mohammed Hussein Ali Al Amoudi (; born 21 July 1946) is an Ethiopian-born Saudi billionaire businessman. Born in Ethiopia to a Yemeni father from Hadhramaut and a mother from Wollo Province, he migrated to Saudi Arabia with his brother Mauric ...

, businessman

Indonesia

Abdurrahman Baswedan Abdurrahman Baswedan, also known as AR Baswedan ( '; 9 September 1908 – 16 March 1986) was a nationalist, journalist, Indonesian freedom fighter, diplomat, and writer. Baswedan was a member of the Central Advisory Council during the Japanese oc ...

, Journalist * Abdurrahman Shihab, Academic and Politician *

Najwa Shihab Najwa Shihab (born 16 September 1977) is an Indonesian actress and journalist of mixed Bugis and Arabic descent. She is the second daughter of former Minister of Religious Affairs in the Cabinet of Development VII Quraish Shihab and a niece of ...

, Journalist and tv presenter *

Abu Bakar Bashir Abu Bakar Ba'asyir (born 17 August 1938), also known as Abu Bakar Bashir, Abdus Somad, and Ustad Abu ("Teacher Abu") is an Indonesian Muslim cleric and leader of Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid. He ran the Al-Mukmin boarding school in Ngruki, Central ...

, founder of Jamaah Islamiyah *

Ali Alatas Ali Alatas ( '; 4 November 193211 December 2008) was an Indonesian diplomat of Ba 'Alawi sada descent, who served as the country's foreign minister from 1988 to 1999. He was Indonesia's longest serving foreign minister. Education and early care ...

, former Foreign Minister *

Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Saqqaf Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Mohsin bin Saqqaf al-Saqqaf (1882–1949) was a Yemeni novelist, journalist, and poet. His 1927 novel ''Fatat Qarout'' (Ar: فتاة قاروت) is regarded by some as the first novel ever written by a Yemeni writer. Early ...

, novelist and poet *

Alwi Shihab Alwi Abdurrahman Shihab ( ') (born 19 August 1946) is an Indonesian politician and scholar of the interaction of Christian and Muslim communities who served as Indonesian Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare in 2004 to 2005 and Indonesia ...

, former Foreign Minister, special envoy to

Middle East The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western Eur ...

and OIC *

Anies Baswedan Anies Rasyid Baswedan (, born 7 May 1969) is an Indonesian academic, activist, and politician who served as the Governor of Jakarta from 2017 to 2022. A student activist and political analyst before entering public service, he served as the Recto ...

, scholar, former Education Minister, Governor of

Jakarta Jakarta (; , Betawi language, Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (; ''DKI Jakarta'') and formerly known as Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia and ...

(2017-2022) *

Nadiem Anwar Makarim Nadiem Anwar Makarim (born 4 July 1984) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the only minister of education, culture, research, and technology of Indonesia, serving from 2021 until 2024. Prior to entering politics, in 2010, he ...

, Minister of Education and Culture and former CEO of

Gojek PT Gojek Indonesia (stylized in all lower case and stylized ''j'' as goȷek, formerly styled as GO-JEK) is an Indonesian on-demand multi-service platform and digital payment technology group based in Jakarta. Gojek was first established in Ind ...

* Fadel Muhammad al-Haddar, former Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries *

Fuad Hassan Fuad Hassan ( '; 26 June 1929 – 7 December 2007) was an Indonesian politician. Biography Early life and education Fuad Hassan was born in Semarang on 26 June 1929. His father, Ahmad Hassan, was a businessman and trader of Arabic heritage. In t ...

, Minister of Education and Culture * Hamid Algadri, a figure in Indonesian National Revolution and member of parliament *

Sultan Hamid II Sultan Hamid II (born Syarif Abdul Hamid Alkadrie; 12 July 1913 – 30 March 1978) was the 7th Sultan of Pontianak and the only President of the State of West Kalimantan from 1946 to its disestablishment in 1950. He was the eldest son of Sul ...

Pontianak Sultanate The Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate ( Jawi: ) was a Malay state that existed on the western coast of the island of Borneo from the late 18th century until its disestablishment in 1950. It was founded in 1771 by Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Ibni A ...

Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier Habib Abdurrahman Az-Zahir (1833–1896) was a Hadhrami political, religious, and diplomatic leader who played a pivotal role in resisting Dutch colonialism in the Sultanate of Aceh in Indonesia during the 19th century. He is regarded as a symbo ...

, religious leader * Habib Ali al-Habshi of Kwitang, religious leader * Habib Munzir Al-Musawa, Islamic cleric * Habib Rizieq Shihab, founder of

FPI FPI may refer to: Government and politics * Federal Prison Industries, a US government corporation which employs Penal labor in the United States, prison labor * Foreign Policy Initiative, an American think tank * Foreign Policy Institute, a Turk ...

* Habib Usman bin Yahya, Mufti of Batavia *

Jafar Umar Thalib Jafar Umar Thalib (; ; ; December 29, 1961 – August 25, 2019) was an Indonesian Islamist cleric. He was the head of Laskar Jihad, an Islamist and anti-Christian militant organization active during the Maluku sectarian conflict. Case in Papu ...

, founder of

Laskar Jihad Laskar Jihad ( English: ''Warriors of Jihad'') was an Islamist and anti-Christian Indonesian militia, which was founded and led by Jafar Umar Thalib. At present, the militia is believed to have disbanded. History Laskar Jihad was founded in ...

* Sultan Badaruddin II, Sultan of Palembang * Munir Said Thalib Al-Kathiri, human rights activist *

Nuruddin ar-Raniri Shaikh Nur ad-Deen Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Hasanji al-Hamid as-Shafi'i al-Ashari al-'Aydarusi ar-Randeri () (also transliterated Nur ud-Din ar-Raniri / Randeri, died 1658) was an Islamic mystic and scholar from Rander in Surat province of Guj ...

, Islamic scholar * Quraish Shihab, Islamic scholar *

Raden Saleh Raden Saleh Sjarif Boestaman (, EYD: ; , DIN: ; 1811 – 23 April 1880) was a pioneering Romantic painter from the Dutch East Indies of Arab- Javanese ethnicity. He was considered to be the first "modern" artist from Indonesia (then the Dutc ...

, Artist/painter * Said Naum, a philanthropist * Sayyid Abdullah Al-Aidarus, religious leader * Andi Soraya, Actress *

Ahmad Albar Ahmad Syech Albar ( '), better known as Ahmad Albar (born 16 July 1946), is an Indonesian rock musician and vocalist of Arab descent. He is the founding member of God Bless. Biography Early life and career Albar was born in Surabaya, East Jav ...

, Musician

East Timor

Mari Alkatiri Mari bin Amude Alkatiri ( '; born 26 November 1949) is a Timorese politician. He was Prime Minister of East Timor from May 2002 until his resignation on 26 June 2006 following weeks of political unrest in the country, and again from September ...

, former Prime Minister

Malaysia

* Habib Alwi bin Thahir al-Haddad, former Mufti of Johor Bahru *

Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas Syed Muhammad al Naquib bin Ali al-Attas ( ; born 5 September 1931) is a Malaysian Muslim philosopher. He is one of the few contemporary scholars who is thoroughly rooted in the traditional Islamic sciences and studied theology, philosophy, me ...

, philosopher *

Syed Hussein Alatas Syed Hussein Alatas bin Syed Ali Alatas ( '; 17 September 1928 – 23 January 2007) was a Malaysian academic, sociologist, politician, and founder of social science organisations. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Malaya in the 1980s ...

, politician and sociologist *

Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Abdullah bin Abdul al Kadir (1796–1854) ( '), also known as Munshi Abdullah, was a Malayan writer. He was a famous Malacca-born munshi of Singapore and died in Jeddah, then part of the Ottoman Empire. Munshi Abdullah followed his father's c ...

, writer *

Syed Hamid Albar Syed Hamid bin Syed Jaafar Albar ( Jawi: سيد حميد بن سيد جعفر البر; '; born 15 January 1944) is a Malaysian lawyer and politician who has served as 1st Chancellor of the Asia e University (AeU) since October 2022. He serve ...

, politician *

Syed Jaafar Albar Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Dato' Syed Jaafar bin Hassan Albar ( '; born August 21, 1914 –14 January 1977) was a Malaysian politician. His staunch defence of his political party, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) – which leads ...

, politician *

Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah Malay titles#Tun, Tun Syed Sheh Al-Haj bin Syed Hassan Barakbah (10 November 1906 – 8 October 1975) was a prominent Malaysian judge. He was the second Lord President of the Federal Court, and the first Malaysian to hold that office. After his ...

, judge *

Syarif Masahor Syarif Masahor bin Syarif Hassan (1800, Bruneian Empire - February 1890, Colony of Singapore), also written as Sharif Masahor, was a Malays (ethnic group), Malay rebel of Hadhrami people, Hadhrami descent in Sarikei in the Raj of Sarawak. Bac ...

, warrior * Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary businessman *

Syed Nasir Ismail Malay styles and titles#Tun, Tun Syed Nasir bin Syed Ismail ( '; 7 March 1921– 16 March 1982) was a Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament of Malaysia. During his lifetime, he was known as a nationalist who sought ...

, politician *

Tun Habib Abdul Majid Dato' Bendahara Seri Maharaja Tun Habib Abdul Majid (1637 – 27 July 1697) was the 19th Bendahara of the Johor Sultanate during the late 17th century. The Johor Sultanate under Sultan Mahmud Shah II (who belonged to the Malacca-Johor royal family ...

, Grand Vizier *

Zeti Akhtar Aziz Ungku Zeti Akhtar binti Ungku Abdul Aziz (born 27 August 1947) was the 7th Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia, Malaysia's central bank. She served as Governor from 2000 to 2016, and was the first woman in the position and at 16 years, the longest ...

, former governor of Central Bank * House of Jamalullail (Perak) *

House of Jamalullail (Perlis) The Raja of Perlis (, Jawi: ) is the constitutional monarch and head of state of the Malaysian state of Perlis. The royal house, known as the House of Jamalullail, has been the ruling house of Perlis since 1843. The current ruler, Tuanku Syed Sir ...

Syed Saddiq Syed Saddiq bin Syed Abdul Rahman (; born 6 December 1992) is a Malaysian politician and convicted criminal who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Muar since May 2018. He served as the Minister of Youth and Sports in the Pakat ...

, politician

Singapore

The Hadharem presence in Singapore came from encouragement of

Stamford Raffles Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British Colonial Office, colonial official who served as the List of governors of the Dutch East Indies, governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816 and lieut ...

to trade in his newly established

colony of Singapore The Colony of Singapore was a Crown colony of the United Kingdom that encompassed what is modern-day Singapore from 1946 to 1959. During this period, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Crown Colony of Labuan, Labuan were also ...

. *

Alsagoff family ''Al-Segaf'/As-Segaf'/Assegaf'/Assegaff'/Assagaf'/Al-Saqqāf (; transliterated elsewhere ''al-Saqqaf'', ''al-Saggaf'' or ''al-Saqqāf'') were Arab Singaporean spice traders of Hadhrami origin, who became influential by marrying into a royal famil ...

* Syed Abdul Rahman Alsagoff, merchant *

Syed Mohamed Alsagoff Syed Mohamed bin Syed Ahmad Alsagoff ( ') (1836 – July 3, 1906) was an Hadhrami Muslim born in Singapore who was known as Nong Chik. He was the most prominent member of the Alsagoff family. He received two land concessions from Sultan Abu ...

, military leader * Syed Sharif Omar bin Ali Al Junied, merchant and namesake of Aljunied Road

South Asia

* Ahmed Bin Abdullah Balala, Indian politician * Ahmed Abdullah Masdoosi, Indian activist and lawyer *

, Indian Islamic scholar *

Shah Jalal Shāh Jalāl Mujarrad Kunyāʾī (), popularly known as Shah Jalal (), was a celebrated Sufi Saint, conqueror and historical figure of Bengal. His name is often associated with the Muslim conquest of Sylhet and the Spread of Islam into the ...

, Sufi saint in Bengal * Shah Paran, Sufi saint in Bengal * Subhani ba Yunus, Pakistani actor * Syed Ahmed El Edroos, Indian Army general of Hyderabad * Sulaiman Areeb, Indian poet *

Awaz Sayeed Awaz Bin Sayeed, also spelt Evaz Saeed (3 March 1934 – 2 July 1995) () (pen name: Chaand, ), was a modern short-story writer, poet, playwright, Khaka-naveez and humorist from Hyderabad, India. Early life and family Awaz Sayeed was b ...

, Indian writer and poet *

Sayed Farooq Rahman Sayed Farooq-ur-Rahman (9 August 1945 – 28 January 2010) was the chief organizer involved in toppling the Sheikh Mujib regime in Bangladesh. He was convicted and hanged on 28 January 2010 along with co-conspirators Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan, ...

, Bangladeshi politician and army officer

Qatar

* Bawazir family chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://sunypress.edu/content/download/450918/5482403/version/1/file/9780791452172_imported2_excerpt.pdf * Bayazid family * Bin Hilabi family * Bahantoush Al-Kindi family * Abu Futtaim family * Belgaith family * Bakhamees family * Al Attas family * Al Kathiri family * Baharoon family https://sunypress.edu/content/download/450918/5482403/version/1/file/9780791452172_imported2_excerpt.pdf * Bin Shahbal family * Al Jeenadi/Junaidi * Al Amoodi

Saudi Arabia

Bin Laden family The bin Laden family (), also spelled bin Ladin, is a wealthy Hadharem, Hadhrami family intimately connected with the innermost circles of the House of Saud, Saudi royal family. It is the namesake and controlling shareholder of the Saudi Binladi ...

, businessman *

Khalid bin Mahfouz Khalid bin Mahfouz (; December 26, 1949 – August 16, 2009) was a Saudi Arabian billionaire, banker, businessman, investor and former chairman of the National Commercial Bank (NCB). Khalid is the son of Salem Bin Mahfouz, a Saudi entrepreneur ...

Omar Al Saqqaf Omar Al Saqqaf (, ; 1923–1974) was a Saudi Arabian diplomat and politician who served as the minister of state for foreign affairs being the first Saudi to hold the post. He was among the leading officials of Saudi Arabia in foreign relations a ...

, Diplomat

United Kingdom

Shatha Altowai Shatha Altowai () is a Yemeni visual artist known for her figurative, cubist, and abstract oil paintings. She lives in Edinburgh, Scotland. Her work explores issues such as identity, displacement, women, children, and the impact of the civil w ...

, visual artist, painter *

Saber Bamatraf Saber Bamatraf () is a Yemeni musician and cultural activist. He is a self-taught pianist and composer known for his activism and artistic collaboration with his wife the visual artist Shatha Altowai. Bamatraf's collaborative activism with his wi ...

, Yemeni pianist, composer, and cultural activist.

References

{{reflist, refs= *{{Source-attribution, {{Cite book , last=India Office , url=https://archive.org/details/20201031_20201031_1145/page/727/mode/2up , title=Gazetteer of Arabia Vol. I (Qatar Digital Library) , date=1917 , pages=727–729, pl=n, inline=y

Society

Social hierarchy

Language

Diaspora

Hadharem in the Arabian Peninsula

Hadhrami East Africans

Hadhrami Jews

List of Hadhrami Diaspora

Notable people

Yemen

Swahili Coast

North Africa

Horn of Africa

Indonesia

East Timor

Malaysia

Singapore

South Asia

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

United Kingdom

See also

References

Further reading