HMS Active (1799)

HMS ''Active'' was a Royal Navy fifth-rate frigate launched on 14 December 1799 at Chatham Dockyard. Sir John Henslow designed her as an improvement on the ''Artois''-class frigates. She served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, capturing numerous enemy vessels. Her crews participated in one campaign and three actions that would later qualify them for the Naval General Service Medal. She returned to service after the wars and finally was broken up in 1860.

French Revolutionary Wars

''Active'' was commissioned under Captain Charles Davers in December 1799 and convoyed East Indiamen in 1800. She sailed from Portsmouth on 28 June 1800, escorting a convoy of eight vessels, at least six of which, such as , were East Indiamen.

Then she began operating in the English Channel as part of the Channel Fleet. She later sailed with a convoy for the Mediterranean. In September 1800 she was under the temporary command of Captain John Giffard. On 2 October ''Active'' and recaptured the brig ''Stout''.

On 26 January 1801 ''Active'' captured the privateer ''Quinola'' after a two-hour chase. She was armed with 14 guns, 6 and 2-pounders, and carried a crew of 48 men. She had sailed from Morlaix the morning before and had not made any captures.

Giffard then removed to the third rate ''Magnificent'' on 23 February. ''Active'' served in the navy's Egyptian campaign between 8 March 1801 and 2 September, which qualified her officers and crew for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.

From October ''Active'' came under Commander Thomas Shortland, also temporary. On 25 October she captured the Genoese pinco ''St Anna''.

In 1802 ''Active'' sailed to Egypt with specie. On 7 March she arrived in Lisbon from Gibraltar, together with . While the captains were ashore the police of the Guard threw the crews of their barges into subterranean holding cells. When the captains went to the office of the Captain of the Regiment of Lisbon, he had the two captains detained as well. Although the British consul and others remonstrated, the captains were held overnight before being released. The underlying issue may have been a violation of quarantine rules that applied to all vessels coming from the Mediterranean.

A letter from Gibraltar dated 24 June reported that and "a frigate" had sailed to Algiers to secure from the Dey the release of British seamen from three vessels that the Algerines had seized and sold the vessels and cargoes on the grounds that the vessels had sailed the Mediterranean with false passes, or old ones issued to other vessels. The frigate that accompanied ''Triumph'' was ''Active''.

On 19 September a lightning storm occurred at Gibraltar. Ships that sustained strikes, in some cases that caused damage or casualties, included ''Active'', , , and . A strike destroyed several feet of the topgallant mast on ''Active'' and killed the ship's butcher, who had been standing near the main mast with a cleaver in his hand.

1 September, 1803 she was near Gibraltar and, along with HMS Narcissus, spoke with USS New York.

Napoleonic Wars

In August 1804, ''Active'' was under the command of Captain Richard Mowbray, for the blockade of Toulon, in the Mediterranean. (Captain Davers had resigned his command due to ill-health caused by yellow fever, which he had caught on the Leeward Islands station. He died in 1805.) On 27 April ''Active'' captured the French letter of marque schooner ''Les Amis''. ''Les Amis'' was armed with four 6-pounder guns, had a crew of 20 men, and was carrying a cargo of wine and merchandise from Bordeaux to her home port of Cayenne.

At some point ''Active'' captured the Prussian vessels ''Ida Margaretta'', ''Anna Dorothea'', and ''Norberg''. On 12 March 1807, ''Active'' and ''Endymion'' captured the Danish vessel ''Henrie and Maria''. The prize money was remitted from Malta.

In 1807, ''Active'' returned to the Mediterranean. An initial assignment was her participation in Thomas Louis's squadron in Admiral Duckworth's Dardanelles Operation. On the way in on 19 February ''Active'' drove a frigate aground and then burnt her, all without suffering any casualties. However, ''Active'' had eight men wounded on 3 March during the withdrawal from the Dardanelles, one of whom, the boatswain, later died. During the withdrawal she suffered a hit from an 800-pound stone cannonball, 6'6" in diameter, which did damage but caused no casualties.

Almost a year later, on 26 March 1808, she and the 64-gun ''Standard'' captured the Franco-Italian brig off Cape Blanco. Mowbray took possession of ''Friedland'' after a chase of several hours. The brig might have escaped had she not lost her topmast. She was one year old and was armed with 16 French 12-pounder guns. ''Active'' took her prize to Malta, together with the prisoners, who included Commodore Don Amilcar Paolucci, commander in chief of the Italian Marine, and Knight of the Iron Crown. The Royal Navy took ''Friedland'' into service as HMS ''Delight''.

In 1809 ''Active'' returned to Britain and was paid off. She was recommissioned in June 1809 under Captain James Alexander Gordon, who sailed for the Adriatic on 4 October.

In 1810 she participated in a raid on Grao, near Trieste. Together with and she seized a coastal convoy of trabaccolos and other vessels. ''Active'' did not report casualties. In 1847 the Admiralty issued the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "28 June Boat Service 1810" to all surviving claimants from the action.

On 14 June ''Cerberus'', in company with ''Active'' and ''Swallow'', captured three gunboats - the ''Vincentina'', ''Modanese'' and ''Elvetica'' (or ''Elvetria'').

On 4 February 1811 ''Active'' and ''Cerbrus'' sent in their boats to raid Pescara. The British destroyed one trabaccalo, after first transferring its cargo to ''Active'', and sent another three to Lissa. All four were from Ancona. ''Active'' lost one man wounded.

Five days later the boats from ''Active'' and ''Cerbrus'' raided Ortona. Despite facing heavy fire, the British suffered only four men wounded. They captured one trabaccolo and ten Italian transports that were carrying supplies from Ancona to the French at Corfu. The British sent all the vessels they captured to Lissa, or destroyed them. The vessels were:
* ''Eugenie'', of six guns, commanded by a lieutenant;
* Transport ''Fortunée'', No. 52, laden with Corn, burnt after her cargo was transferred to another vessel;
* Transport, name unknown, laden with oil;
* Transport, name unknown, No. 2, laden with plank and corn;
* Transport ''St. Anongiato'', laden with hemp and cordage;
* Transport, name unknown, No. 50, laden with wheat;
* Transport, name unknown, No. 55, partly laden with sundries;
* Transport ''Anime del Purgatorio'', laden with rice, cargo taken on board and vessel burnt;
* Transport, name, unknown, laden with wheat.
* Two transports, names unknown, burnt in the port.
In addition, the British were able to burn two warehouses holding oil, soldiers' clothing, ammunition, and naval stores, including cables, blocks, hawsers, hemp, and the like.

On 14 March ''Active'' participated in the Battle of Lissa, where she lost nine men killed and 26 wounded, but together with ''Cerberus'' captured the French frigate ''Corona''. ''Active'', ''Amphion'', ''Cerberus'', and encountered a French force consisting of five frigates, one corvette, one brig, two schooners, one gun boat, and one xebec, all under M. Dubourdieu, Captain de Vaisseux. The French force had double the guns and triple the number of men relative to the British force. The British also captured the frigate ''Bellona'' and caused the frigate ''Favorite'' to run ashore where she blew up. ''Flora'' (or ''Flore'') also surrendered but then sailed off again while ''Amphion'', to which she had struck, was capturing ''Bellona''. Captain William Hoste wrote a letter to the captain of ''Flora'' arguing that he was honor bound to give up his vessel to ''Amphion''. The acting captain of ''Flora'' replied that she had not struck but rather that a shot had carried away her flag and that therefore the French were not going to surrender her. ''Active'' lost nine men killed and 26 wounded in the battle. In 1847 the Admiralty issued the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Lissa" to all surviving claimants.

On 23 July ''Active'', ''Alceste'', and ''Acorn'' captured French property on Lissa.

On 27 July ''Active''s boats attacked a convoy in the port of Rogoznica on the Dalmatian coast that was carrying grain to the garrison at Ragusa. A landing party captured a fort on a hill overlooking the port and the remaining boats then entered. There they found three gunboats and 28 transports. The British brought out the three gunboats and 18 transports after burning 10 of the transports. ''Active'' suffered only four men wounded; the French appeared to have lost a number of men killed and wounded.

Next, ''Active'' participated in the destruction of a French convoy at the action of 29 November 1811. In the engagement, the British captured the frigate and the storeship . The action cost ''Active'' eight men dead and 27 wounded, with Captain Gordon hit by a cannonball that severed his knee, leaving his leg hanging by a thread. Amputation proved necessary but Captain Gordon, complete with a wooden leg, was still able to sail within the year. ''Active'' shared the prize money with , ''Unite'', , and , which were either in sight, or sharing by agreement. In 1847 the Admiralty issued the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Pelagosa 29 Novr. 1811" to all surviving claimants from the action.

In 1812 ''Active'' returned to Britain.

Post-war service

In 1815 ''Active'' came under Captain William King, and then in October Captain Philip Carteret. She was fitted for sea from November 1815 to April 1816 and then was on the Jamaica station in 1817. In 1819 she was fitted with man-powered paddles, an experimental design by Lieutenant Burton.

In January 1819 she was recommissioned under Captain Sir James Gordon on the Halifax station. In December 1821 she was under Captain Richard King "on particular service". In September 1824 she was on the Lisbon station under Captain Robert Rodney.

Fate

''Active'' was fitted as a receiving ship at Plymouth between October 1825 and February 1826. She was renamed ''Argo'' on 15 November 1833. Her breaking up was completed on 21 October 1860 at Plymouth.

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Ships of the Old Navy
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Active (1799)
Frigates of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Chatham
1799 ships
Ships in art