Histone deacetylase 5 is an
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC5''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
Function
Histone
In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes ...
s play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters
chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...
structure and affects
transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription (genetics), transcription of genetics, genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding t ...
access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class II histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses
histone deacetylase
Histone deacetylases (, HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on both histone and non-histone proteins. HDACs allow histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important becaus ...
activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. It coimmunoprecipitates only with HDAC3 family member and might form multicomplex proteins. It also interacts with myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) proteins, resulting in repression of MEF2-dependent genes. This gene is thought to be associated with colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
AMP-activated protein kinase
5' AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK or 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.11.31) that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis, largely to activate glucose and fatty acid uptake and oxidation when cell ...
regulation of the glucose transporter
GLUT4 occurs by
phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is described as the "transfer of a phosphate group" from a donor to an acceptor. A common phosphorylating agent (phosphate donor) is ATP and a common family of acceptor are alcohols:
:
This equation can be writ ...
of HDAC5.
HDAC5 is involved in
memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. A memory trace is a change in the nervous system caused by memorizing something. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processe ...
and suggests that development of more selective
HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems wit ...
should avoid targeting HDAC5.
Its function can be effectively examined by siRNA knockdown based on an independent validation.
HDAC5 overexpression in
urothelial carcinoma cell lines inhibits long-term proliferation but can promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (
EMT)
Interactions
Histone deacetylase 5 has been shown to
interact with:
*
BCL6
Bcl-6 (B-cell lymphoma 6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BCL6'' gene. BCL6 is a master transcription factor for regulation of T follicular helper cells (TFH cells) proliferation. BCL6 has three evolutionary conserved structural d ...
,
[
* CBX5,]GATA1
GATA-binding factor 1 or GATA-1 (also termed Erythroid transcription factor) is the founding member of the GATA family of transcription factors. This protein is widely expressed throughout vertebrate species. In humans and mice, it is encoded b ...
,HDAC3
Histone deacetylase 3 is an enzyme encoded by the ''HDAC3'' gene in both humans and mice.
Function
Histones are highly alkaline proteins that package and order DNA into structural units called nucleosomes, which comprise the major protein comp ...
,[
* YWHAQ,]
See also
* Histone deacetylase
Histone deacetylases (, HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on both histone and non-histone proteins. HDACs allow histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important becaus ...
References
Further reading
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External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Histone Deacetylase 5
EC 3.5.1