Gwendolyn Margaret MacEwen (1 September 1941 – 29 November 1987) was a Canadian poet and

novelist A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living wage, living writing novels and other fiction, while other ...

.Gwendolyn MacEwen
" NNDB.com Web, 24 April 2011. A "sophisticated, wide-ranging and thoughtful writer," she published more than 20 books in her life. "A sense of magic and mystery from her own interests in the

Gnostics Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek: , romanized: ''gnōstikós'', Koine Greek: �nostiˈkos 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD among early Christian sects. These diverse g ...

Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt () was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower E ...

and

magic Magic or magick most commonly refers to: * Magic (supernatural), beliefs and actions employed to influence supernatural beings and forces ** ''Magick'' (with ''-ck'') can specifically refer to ceremonial magic * Magic (illusion), also known as sta ...

itself, and from her wonderment at life and death, makes her writing unique.... She's still regarded by most as one of Canada's greatest poets."

Life

MacEwen was born in

Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...

Ontario Ontario is the southernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Located in Central Canada, Ontario is the Population of Canada by province and territory, country's most populous province. As of the 2021 Canadian census, it ...

."Gwendolyn MacEwen: Biography
", Canadian Poetry Online, Web, 23 April 2011. Her mother, Elsie, spent much of her life as a patient in mental health institutions. Her father, Alick, suffered from alcoholism.
," Canadian Poetry Online, Web, 24 April 2011. Gwendolyn MacEwen grew up in the High Park area of the city, and attended

Western Technical-Commercial School Western Technical-Commercial School is a high school in the High Park North neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada administered by the Toronto District School Board. It shares the same building with Ursula Franklin Academy and The Student S ...

. MacEwan's first poem was published in ''The

Canadian Forum The ''Canadian Forum'' was a literary, cultural and political publication and Canada's longest running continually published political magazine (1920–2000). History and profile ''The Canadian Forum'', A Monthly Journal of Literature and Public ...

'' when she was only 17, and she left school at 18 to pursue a writing career. By 18 she had written her first novel, ''Julian the Magician.''John Oughton,
Gwendolyn MacEwen
," Young Soul Rebels, YoungPoets.ca, Web, 24 April 2011. "She was small and slight, with a round pale face, huge blue eyes usually rimmed in

kohl Kohl may refer to: *Kohl (cosmetics), an ancient eye cosmetic *Kohl (surname), including a list of people with the surname *Kohl's Kohl's Corporation (Kohl's is stylized in all caps) is an American department store retail chain store, chain. ...

(Type of eyeliner and cosmetic), and long dark straight hair." Her first book of poetry, ''The Drunken Clock'', was published in 1961 in Toronto, then the centre of a literary revival in Canada, encouraged by the editor Robert Weaver and influential teacher

Northrop Frye Herman Northrop Frye (July 14, 1912 – January 23, 1991) was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist, considered one of the most influential of the 20th century. Frye gained international fame with his first book, ''Fearful Symmetr ...

. MacEwen was thus in touch with

James Reaney James Crerar Reaney, (September 1, 1926 – June 11, 2008) was a Canadian poet, playwright, librettist, and professor, "whose works transform small-town Ontario life into the realm of dream and symbol." Reaney won Canada's highest literary ...

Margaret Atwood Margaret Eleanor Atwood (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian novelist, poet, literary critic, and an inventor. Since 1961, she has published 18 books of poetry, 18 novels, 11 books of nonfiction, nine collections of short fiction, eight chi ...

, Dennis Lee, etc. She married poet

Milton Acorn Milton James Rhode Acorn (March 30, 1923 – August 20, 1986), nicknamed ''The People's Poet'' by his peers, was a Canadian poet, writer, and playwright. Early life He was born in Prince Edward Island, and grew up in Charlottetown. He joined the ...

, 19 years her senior, in 1962, although they divorced two years later. She published over twenty books, in a variety of genres. She also wrote numerous radio docudramas for the

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian Public broadcasting, public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its E ...

(CBC), including a "much-admired radio drama", ''Terror and Erebus'', in 1965 which featured music by

Terry Rusling Terry Rusling (April 2, 1931 – November 27, 1974) was a Canadian electronic music composer, who used graphic notation (music), graphic notation. Some of his works were used to accompany radio and television broadcasts. Introduction to electr ...

. With her second husband, Greek musician Niko Tsingos, MacEwen opened a Toronto coffeehouse, The Trojan Horse, in 1972. She and Tsingos translated some of the poetry of contemporary Greek writer

Yiannis Ritsos Yiannis Ritsos ( ; 1 May 1909 – 11 November 1990) was a Greek poet and communist and an active member of the Greek Resistance during World War II. While he disliked being regarded as a political poet, he has been called "the great poet of th ...

(published in her 1981 book ''Trojan Women''). She taught herself to read Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, and French, and translated writers from each of those languages. In 1978 her translation of

Euripides Euripides () was a Greek tragedy, tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to ...

' drama ''The Trojan Women'' was first performed in Toronto.Michaela Milde
Review of Euripides' ''Trojan Women''
Didaskalia I:1, Web, 22 April 2011. She served as

writer in residence Artist-in-residence (also Writer-in-residence), or artist residencies, encompass a wide spectrum of artistic programs that involve a collaboration between artists and hosting organisations, institutions, or communities. They are programs that pr ...

at the

University of Western Ontario The University of Western Ontario (UWO; branded as Western University) is a Public university, public research university in London, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on of land, surrounded by residential neighbourhoods and the Thame ...

in 1985, and the

University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public university, public research university whose main campus is located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park (Toronto), Queen's Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by ...

in 1986 and 1987. During the last years of her life she was in a relationship with street writer Crad Kilodney (Lou Trifon). MacEwen died in 1987, at the age of 46, of health problems related to

alcoholism Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems. Some definitions require evidence of dependence and withdrawal. Problematic use of alcohol has been mentioned in the earliest historical records. The World He ...

. She is buried in Toronto's Mount Pleasant Cemetery."Our Poets at Rest: Gwendolyn MacEwen," ''Arc'', 15 November 2010, Web, 22 April 2011.

Writing

"A sophisticated, wide-ranging and thoughtful writer," says ''

The Canadian Encyclopedia ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' (TCE; ) is the national encyclopedia of Canada, published online by the Toronto-based historical organization Historica Canada, with financial support by the federal Department of Canadian Heritage and Society of Com ...

'', MacEwen "displayed a commanding interest in magic and history as well as an elaborate and penetrating dexterity in her versecraft.""MacEwen, Gwendolyn," ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (Edmonton: Hurtig, 1988), 1264. Her two novels – ''Julian the Magician'', dealing with the ambiguous relationship between the hermetic philosophies of the early

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...

and

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...

; and ''King of Egypt, King of Dreams,'' which imaginatively reconstructed the life and religious reformation of

Egyptian ''Egyptian'' describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of year ...

pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''wikt:pr ꜥꜣ, pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic language, Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty ( ...

Akhenaton Akhenaten (pronounced ), also spelled Akhenaton or Echnaton ( ''ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy'', , meaning 'Effective for the Aten'), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning or 1351–1334 BC, the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Before the ...

– blend fantasy and history.

Recognition

MacEwen won the

Governor General's Award The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields. The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the ...

1969 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1969th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 969th year of the 2nd millennium, the 69th year of the 20th century, and the ...

for her poetry collection ''The Shadow Maker''. She was awarded a second Governor General's Award posthumously in

1987 Events January * January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency. * January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. * January 3 – Afghan leader ...

for ''Afterworlds''. Other awards and prizes MacEwen won include the CBC New Canadian Writing Contest for poetry in 1965; the

A.J.M. Smith Arthur James Marshall Smith (November 8, 1902 – November 21, 1980) was a Canadian poet and anthologist. He "was a prominent member of a group of Montreal poets" – the Montreal Group, which included Leon Edel, Leo Kennedy, A. M. Klei ...

Poetry Award in 1973; the Borestone Mountain Poetry Award in 1983; the CBC Literary Competition, for short story in 1983; and the Du Maurier Awards, gold and silver for poetry, in 1983.Gendolyn MacEwen: Awards and Honours
," Canadian Poetry Online, 24 April 2011. Her writing has been translated into many languages including

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

, French, German, and Italian.

Rosemary Sullivan Rosemary Sullivan (born 1947) is a Canadian poet, biographer, and anthologist. She is also a professor emerita at University of Toronto. Biography Sullivan was born in the small town of Valois, Pointe-Claire, Valois on Lac Saint-Louis, just ou ...

published a biography of MacEwen, ''Shadow Maker: The Life of Gwendolyn MacEwen'', in

1995 1995 was designated as: * United Nations Year for Tolerance * World Year of Peoples' Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government ...

, which itself won the

, for non-fiction in

. Fictional tributes to MacEwen have been published by

(the short story "Isis in Darkness"), and Lorne S. Jones (the novel ''Mighty Oaks''). A one-woman play by

Linda Griffiths Linda Pauline Griffiths (7 October 1953 – 21 September 2014) was a Canadian actress and playwright best known for writing and starring in the one woman play ''Maggie and Pierre'', in which she portrayed both Pierre Trudeau and his then-estrang ...

, ''Alien Creature: A Visitation from Gwendolyn MacEwen,'' won the

Dora Mavor Moore Award The Dora Mavor Moore Awards (also known as the Dora Awards or the Doras) are awards presented annually by the Toronto Alliance for the Performing Arts (TAPA), honouring theatre, dance and opera productions in Toronto. Named after Dora Mavor Moor ...

and the Chalmers Award in 2000."Alien Creature: A Visitation from Gwendolyn MacEwen," LindaGriffiths.ca, Web, 24 April 2011. Her book of poems written in 1969 called The Shadow-Maker was set to music by Dutch/Canadian composer

Rudi Martinus van Dijk Rudi Martinus van Dijk (27 March 1932 – 29 November 2003) was a Dutch and Canadian composer of orchestral, chamber music, chamber and vocal music. In all Van Dijk's music, whichever of his stylistic trends it seems immediately to favour, the vo ...

in 1977. As a result, one of the highlights of the 1978-79 season of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra included the world premiere of Van Dijk's The Shadow-Maker under the direction of Mario Bernardi and featuring Canadian baritone Victor Braun. It was performed at Massey Hall in Toronto, October 1978. Gwendolyn MacEwan attended the Massey Hall performances and was deeply struck by the music's setting of her work. The biographer of MacEwan,

, quotes the composer Van Dijk in her book: "What attracted me to the poetry was the substance behind the subject matter - namely the dream. The poetry attempts, it seems to me, to lift the veil of 'Maya' (illusion). Is our sensuous experience reality or illusion? MacEwan has something in common with Strindberg and D.H. Lawrence, as an explorer of these dark corners of the soul that most of us shut out conveniently, in order to create a safe but illusory reality." As Dutch musicologist Maarten Brandt wrote, "The bold and expressionistic side of

Alban Berg Alban Maria Johannes Berg ( ; ; 9 February 1885 – 24 December 1935) was an Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School. His compositional style combined Romantic lyricism with the twelve-tone technique. Although he left a relatively sma ...

and

Arnold Schoenberg Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian and American composer, music theorist, teacher and writer. He was among the first Modernism (music), modernists who transformed the practice of harmony in 20th-centu ...

is found in van Dijk’s setting of Gwendolyn MacEwan's The Shadow-Maker for baritone and large orchestra, written in 1977. Yet, as in every single composition by van Dijk, tonal references are present here as well, demonstrating a kinship not only with

, but also with

Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten of Aldeburgh (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, o ...

Hans Werner Henze Hans Werner Henze (1 July 1926 – 27 October 2012) was a German composer. His large List of compositions by Hans Werner Henze, oeuvre is extremely varied in style, having been influenced by serialism, atonality, Igor Stravinsky, Stravinsky, Mu ...

Michael Tippett Sir Michael Kemp Tippett (2 January 1905 – 8 January 1998) was an English composer who rose to prominence during and immediately after the Second World War. In his lifetime he was sometimes ranked with his contemporary Benjamin Britten as o ...

and Frank Martin; all of them composers who have not simply exploited the resources available to them, but rather were grateful ‘inhabitants’ of a rich and saturated musical landscape." Twenty years later a documentary film by Brenda Longfellow, '' Shadow Maker: Gwendolyn MacEwen, Poet'', was made in 1998 and won the

Genie Award The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978), known as the "Etrog Awards" for sculptor ...

for Best Short Documentary.

Gwendolyn MacEwen Parkette

The former Walmer Road Parkette, in

The Annex The Annex is a neighbourhood in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The traditional boundaries of the neighbourhood extend north to Dupont Street, south to Bloor Street, west to Bathurst Street (Toronto), Bathurst Street and east to Avenue Road, ...

neighbourhood of Toronto, was renamed Gwendolyn MacEwen Parkette in her honor in 1994. On 9 September 2006, a bronze bust of MacEwen by her friend, sculptor John McCombe Reynolds, was unveiled in the parkette. The park had been a grassy traffic circle in the middle of Walmer Road at Lowther Avenue, but a $300,000 makeover in 2010, expanded the park and narrowed the surrounding roads. The unique redesigned greenspace reopened 21 July 2010, and writer

Claudia Dey Claudia Dey (born 1972/1973) is a Canadian writer, based out of Toronto. Education Dey studied at St. Clement's before graduating in 1991 and moving on to study English literature at McGill University and playwriting at the National Theatre ...

read one of MacEwen's poems.

Publications

Poetry

* ''Selah''. Toronto: Aleph Press,

1961 Events January * January 1 – Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1961, Monetary reform in the Soviet Union. * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and cons ...

. * ''The Drunken Clock''. Toronto: Aleph Press,

. * ''The Rising Fire''. Toronto: Contact Press,

1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...

. * ''Terror and Erebus'' (1965) * ''A Breakfast for Barbarians''. Toronto: Ryerson Press,

1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...

. * ''The Shadow-Maker''. Toronto: Macmillan,

. * ''The Armies of the Moon'' . Toronto: Macmillan,

1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, ...

. * ''Magic Animals: Selected Poems Old and New''. Toronto: Macmillan,

1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; ...

. * ''The Fire-Eaters''. Ottawa: Oberon Press,

1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...

. * ''Trojan Women,''

1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...

. * ''The T. E. Lawrence Poems''. Oakville: Mosaic Press,

1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C. ...

. * ''Earth-Light: Selected Poetry 1963-1982''. Toronto: General Publishing,

. * ''The Man with Three Violins''

1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. ** Spain and Portugal en ...

HMS Press (Toronto) * ''Afterworlds''. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart,

. * Atwood, Margaret and Barry Callaghan, eds. ''The Poetry of Gwendolyn MacEwen
The Early Years (Volume One)
'. Toronto: Exile Editions,

1993 The United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly of the United Nations designated 1993 as: * International Year for the World's Indigenous People The year 1993 in the Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands had only 364 days, since its ...

. * Atwood, Margaret and Barry Callaghan, eds. ''The Poetry of Gwendolyn MacEwen
The Later Years (Volume Two)
'. Toronto: Exile Editions, 1993. *

Fiction

* * * ''Noman''. Ottawa: Oberon Press, 1972. * ''Noman's Land: stories'' Coach House Press, 1985.

Non-fiction

* ''Mermaids and Ikons: A Greek Summer''. Toronto: House of Anansi, 1978.

Children's books

* ''The Chocolate Moose''. Toronto: N/C Press, 1979. * ''The Honey Drum''. Oakville: Mosaic Press, 1983. * ''Dragon Sandwiches'' Black Moss Press, 1987.

Drama

*''Trojan Women'' after the play by Euripides (includes poems ''Helen'' and ''Oristos'' by Yannis Ritsos, translated by MacEwen and Niko Tsingos)''.'' Toronto: Exile Editions. 2009 994, 1981 978-1-55096-123-2 *''The Birds'' after the play by Aristophanes. Toronto: Exile Editions. 1993

983 Year 983 ( CMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – Diet of Verona: Emperor Otto II (the Red) declares war against the Byzantine Empire and the Emirate of Sicily ...

978-1-55096-065-5 ''Except where noted, bibliographic information courtesy of Brock University.''Gwendolyn MacEwen
" Canadian Women Poets, BrockU.ca, Web, 22 April 2001.

Discography

*''Open Secret.'' CBC Learning Systems, 1972. LP T-57191 *''Celebration: Famous Canadian Poets CD''

Canadian Poetry Association Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being ''C ...

– 2001 (CD#3) ( with

Raymond Souster Raymond Holmes Souster (January 15, 1921 – October 19, 2012) was a Canadian poet whose writing career spanned over 70 years. More than 50 volumes of his own poetry were published during his lifetime, and he edited or co-edited a dozen volumes ...

)

References

Books

* Jan Bartley. ''Invocations: the poetry and prose of Gwendolyn MacEwen.'' 1983. * Mª Luz González-Rodríguez. ''Bajo el Signo del Dios Mercurio: dicotomía del ser y fusión de los opuestos en Gwendolyn MacEwen''. Ph. Thesis. Departamento de Filología Inglesa y Alemana, Universidad de La Laguna, 2003, . http://riull.ull.es/xmlui/handle/915/9951 * Rosemary Sullivan. ''Shadow Maker: The Life of Gwendolyn MacEwen.'' Toronto: Harper Collins, 1995. * Linda Weiland: ''«Unravelling».

C.G. Jung Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and psychologist who founded the school of analytical psychology. A prolific author of over 20 books, illustrator, and correspondent, Jung was a c ...

s Individuations- und Archetypenlehre im Werk Gwendolyn MacEwens.'' Peter Lang, Berne 2013 (In German)

Articles

* Atwood, Margaret. "MacEwen's Muse." ''Canadian Literature'' 45 (1970): 24–32. * Barrett, Elizabeth. "A Tour de Force." ''Evidence'' 8 (1964): 140–143. * Davey, Frank. "Gwendolyn MacEwen: The Secret of Alchemy." ''Open Letter'' (second series) 4 (1973): 5–23. * Di Michele, Mary. "Gwendolyn MacEwen: 1941-1987." ''Books in Canada'' 17.1 (1988): 6. * Eso, David. "Perfect Mismatch: Gwendolyn MacEwen and the Flat Earth Society." ''Studies in Canadian Literature'' 44.2 (2019): 211–231. * Gerry, Thomas M. "Green Yet Free of Seasons: Gwendolyn MacEwen and the Mystical Tradition of Canadian Poetry." ''Studies in Canadian Literature'' 16.2 (1991/1992): 147–161. * Gillam, Robyn. "The Gaze of a Stranger: Gwendolyn MacEwen's Hieratic Eye." ''Paragraph'' 13.2 (1991): 10–13. * Godfrey, Dave. "Figments of a Northern Mind." ''Tamarack Review'' 31 (1964): 90–91. * González-Rodríguez, Mª Luz. "Caronte y la Luna: arquetipos míticos en The Armies of the Moon de Gwendolyn MacEwen." ''Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses'' 48 (2004): 179–192. * González-Rodríguez, Mª Luz. "El camino arquetípico del héroe: el Mago y el Sumo Sacerdote en las novelas de Gwendolyn MacEwen." ''Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses'' 39 (1999): 307–321. * González-Rodríguez, Mª Luz. "The Presence of Science in Gwendolyn MacEwen's Cosmic Vision: An Ephemeral Creation of Order out of Chaos." ''Exchanges between Literature and Science from the 1800s to the 2000s. Converging Realms''. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017, pp. 90–103. . * Gose, E.B. "They Shall Have Arcana." ''Canadian Literature'' 21 (1964): 36–45. * Harding Russell, Gillian. "Gwendolyn MacEwen's 'The Nine Arcana of the Kings' as Creative Myth and Paradigm." ''English Studies in Canada'' 15.2 (1988): 204–217. * Harding Russell, Gillian. "Iconic Mythopoeia in MacEwen's The T.E. Lawrence Poems." ''Studies in Canadian Literature'' 9.1 (1984): 95–107. * Helwig, Maggie. "The Shadowmaker Confirmed the Poet in Me." ''Catholic New Times'' 21.19 (1997): 13,14. * Jones, D.G. "Language of Our Time." ''Canadian Literature'' 29 (1966): 67–69. * Kelly, M. T. "Thoughts From a Friend (Profile of Gwendolyn MacEwen)." ''Canadian Woman Studies'' 9.2 (1988): 89. * Kemp, Penn. "A Musing I Would Like to have Shared with Gwendolyn MacEwen."'' Tessera'' 5 (1988): 49–57. * "MacEwen Possessed a Talent that was Fragile, Precocious." ''Globe and Mail'' (Metro Edition) 2 December 1987: A10, C5. * Marshall, Joyce. "Remembering Gwendolyn MacEwen." ''Brick'' 45 (1993): 61–65. * Marshall, Tom. "Several Takes on Gwendolyn MacEwen." ''Quarry'' 38.1 (1989): 76–83. * "Obituary: Author." Gwendolyn MacEwen. ''Quill and Quire'' 54.3 (1988): 62. * Potvin, Elisabeth. "Gwendolyn MacEwen and Female Spiritual Desire." ''Canadian Poetry'' 28 (1991): 18–39. * Purdy, Al. "Death in the Family." ''Saturday Night'' 103.5 (1988): 65–66. * Ringrose, Christopher. "Vision Enveloped in Night." ''Canadian Literature'' 53 (1972): 102–104. * Sowton, Ian. "To Improvise an Eden." ''Edge'' 2 (1964): 119–124. * Tsingos, Nikolas. "Poems for Gwendolyn MacEwen." ''Descant'' 24.4 (1993/ 1994): 41. * Warwick, Ellen D. "To Seek a Single Symmetry." ''Canadian Literature'' 71 (1976): 21–34. * Wilkinson, Shelagh. "Gwendolyn MacEwen's Trojan Women: Old Myth into New Life." ''Canadian Woman Studies'' 8.3 (1987): 81–83. * Wood, Brent. "From The Rising Fire to Afterworlds: The Visionary Circle in the Poetry of Gwendolyn MacEwen." ''Canadian Poetry'' 47 (2000): 40–69.

Notes

External links

*
Dark Pines (TV Movie)

- Biography and 7 poems (Let Me Make This Perfectly Clear, Fragments from A Childhood, Magic Cats, Poems in Braille, Memoirs of a Mad Cook, The Drunken Clock, Dark Pines Under Water) * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Macewen, Gwendolyn 1941 births 1987 deaths 20th-century Canadian poets Canadian women novelists Canadian people of Scottish descent Canadian women poets Governor General's Award–winning poets Poets from Toronto Novelists from Toronto University of Toronto people 20th-century Canadian novelists 20th-century Canadian women writers