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Bantu languages The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and Southeast Africa. They form the largest branch of the Southern Bantoid languages. T ...
" are conventionally divided up into geographic zones first proposed by
Malcolm Guthrie Malcolm Guthrie (10 February 1903 – 22 November 1972) was an English linguist who specialized in Bantu languages. Guthrie was a foremost professor of Bantu languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London. He is know ...
(1967–1971). These were assigned letters A–S and divided into decades (groups A10, A20, etc.); individual languages were assigned unit numbers (A11, A12, etc.), and dialects further subdivided (A11a, A11b, etc.). This coding system has become the standard for identifying Bantu languages; it was the only practical way to distinguish many ambiguously named languages before the introduction of
ISO 639-3 ISO 639-3:2007, ''Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages'', is an international standard for language codes in the ISO 639 series. It defines three-letter codes for ...
coding, and it continues to be widely used. Only Guthrie's Zone S is (sometimes) considered to be a genealogical group. Since Guthrie's time a Zone J (made of languages formerly classified in groups D and E) has been set up as another possible genealogical group bordering the
Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five la ...
. The list is first summarized, with links to articles on accepted groups of Bantu languages (bold decade headings). Following that is the complete 1948 list, as updated by Guthrie in 1971 and by J. F. Maho in 2009.


Summary

The list below reflects Guthrie as updated by Maho (2009). Not included in detail are the ''Northeast Bantu'' languages characterized by
Dahl's Law Dahl's law (German: ''Das Dahlsche Gesetz'') is a sound rule in some of the Northeast Bantu languages that illustrates a case of voicing dissimilation. In the history of these languages, a voiceless stop, such as , became voiced () when immediatel ...
, which is thought to be a genealogical group, cuts across the Guthrie system, and is covered at
Northeast Bantu The Northeast Bantu languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in East Africa. In Guthrie's geographic classification, they fall within Bantu zones E50 plus E46 (Sonjo), E60 plus E74a (Taita), F21–22, J, G60, plus Northeast Coast Bantu ( ...
. Other groups with dedicated articles, such as
Southern Bantu The Southern Bantu languages are a large group of Bantu languages, largely validated in Janson (1991/92).Tore Janson (1991-92) "Southern Bantu and Makua", ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' (''SUGIA'') Vol. 12/13: 63-106, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag ...
(Zone S) are also only summarized here, so that the initial listing is only a summary and an index for other articles. Note that '' Ethnologue'' made multiple changes to Guthrie in an attempt to make the classification more historically accurate. However, the changes are inconsistent, and ''Ethnologue'' has not been followed here, though it is publicly available online. Thus a code may mean different things depending on whether Guthrie or
SIL SIL, Sil and sil may refer to: Organizations * Servis Industries Limited, Pakistan * Smithsonian Institution Libraries * SIL International, formerly Summer Institute of Linguistics * Apex Silver Mines (former American Stock Exchange ticker symb ...
is being followed. (See link below for the SIL code assignments.) The updates in Maho (2009), on the other hand, are designed to be compatible with the original values of the codes. Bantu has long been divided into Northwest Bantu (Forest Bantu) and Central Bantu (Savanna Bantu) branches based upon tone patterns, but there is little agreement as to which Guthrie zones (or which parts of zones) should be in either, the dichotomy is dubious, and they have not been followed here. Accepted genealogical groups within the Guthrie zones are boldfaced.


Zone A

S Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, N Gabon *A10 ''Lundu–Balong'' : Oroko (likely one of the
Sawabantu languages Sawabantu languages are a group of Bantu languages comprising most of zones A.20 and A.30 of Guthrie's classification, and most likely also part of zone A.10. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), the A.20 and A.30 languages apart from Bubi fo ...
); the other languages apart from A15 Manenguba (that is, Bonkeng, Nkongho, Bafaw-Balong) may be Sawabantu as well. **A15 '' Manenguba (Ngoe) languages'' *A20–30 ''
Sawabantu languages Sawabantu languages are a group of Bantu languages comprising most of zones A.20 and A.30 of Guthrie's classification, and most likely also part of zone A.10. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), the A.20 and A.30 languages apart from Bubi fo ...
''; Bube (in Mbam?) *A40a (reduced) ''
Basaa languages The Basaa languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone A.40 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), the languages remaining from the formation of the Mbam group form a valid node. They are: :Basaa Basaa (a ...
'' *A50 ''
Bafia languages The Bafia languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone A.50 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), the languages form a valid node. They are: : Fa’ (Lefa), Kaalong (Dimbong), Kpa (Bafia), Ngayaba (Tibea) ...
'' *A60+40b ''
Mbam languages The Mbam languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in Cameroon *Sanaga (A60): Tuki (Bacenga), Leti/ Mengisa, Mbwasa *West Mbam (A40): Bati (A60), Nomaande (Mandi)– Tunen (Aling'a, Banen)– Tuotomb– Yambeta, Nyokon *Yambasa (A60): ...
'' ( Jarawan added after Guthrie) *A70 ''
Beti language Beti is a group of Bantu languages, spoken by the Beti-Pahuin peoples who inhabit the rain forest regions of Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and São Tomé and Príncipe. The varieties, which are largely mutually ...
'' *A80–90 ''
Makaa–Njem languages The Makaa–Njem languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. They are coded Zone A.80 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & ...
'' Zone A is sometimes considered Forest Bantu. Guthrie's A60 and part of his A40 have been removed to the Southern Bantoid
Mbam languages The Mbam languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in Cameroon *Sanaga (A60): Tuki (Bacenga), Leti/ Mengisa, Mbwasa *West Mbam (A40): Bati (A60), Nomaande (Mandi)– Tunen (Aling'a, Banen)– Tuotomb– Yambeta, Nyokon *Yambasa (A60): ...
. Sawabantu may include some of the A10 languages apart from Manenguba, whereas Bube may belong in Mbam. Southern Bantoid Jarawan was assigned to Zone A by Gerhardt (1982) and Blench (ms 2006, 2011), specifically to A60, within Mbam. According to several scholars, including Blench, there can be no coherent concept of Bantu as long as many of the Zone A and perhaps Zone B languages are included.


Zone B

S Gabon, W Congo, W DR-Congo *B20 '' Kele languages'' (? Seki) *B10–30 ''
Tsogo languages The Tsogo languages are a clade of Bantu language The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and Southeast Africa. They form the lar ...
'' (? Myene) *B40 (with some H10) ''
Sira languages The Sira languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone B.40 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), together with a couple languages from H10, they form a valid node. They are: : (B.40) Punu, Bwisi, Varama, V ...
'' *B50 ''
Nzebi languages The Nzebi languages are a series of Bantu languages spoken in the western Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to ...
'' *B60 ''
Mbete languages The Mbete (Mbere) languages are a clade of Bantu language The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and Southeast Africa. They f ...
'' *B70 (with some B80) ''
Teke languages The Teke languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken by the Teke people in the western Congo and in Gabon. They are coded Zone B.70 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), the Teke languages apart from West Teke ...
'' *B80 (reduced) ''
Boma–Dzing languages The Boma–Dzing languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone B.80 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), some of Guthrie's B.80 (Tiene, Mfinu, Mpuono) are related to the Teke languages The Teke languages ar ...
'' ( Tsong/Songo?) Zone B is sometimes considered Forest Bantu. B10–30 may belong together as '' Kele–Tsogo'', B40 with ''Kongo–Yaka'' (H), and B50–70 with H24
Songo Songo may refer to: * Songo music, a type of contemporary Cuban music originating in Havana * Songo people, of northern Angola * Songo-salsa, a style of music that blends Spanish rapping and hip hop beats with salsa music and songo * Songo.mn, ...
as '' Teke–Mbede''.


Zone C

NW DR-Congo, N Congo *C10 (with some C30) '' Ngondi–Ngiri languages'' *C20 ''
Mboshi languages The Mboshi languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone C.20 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), apart from Kyba (Kuba), the languages form a valid node. They are: : Kwala, Mbosi Mbosi (Mboshi) is a Ban ...
'' *C30 (with Mongo, ''etc'') ''
Bangi–Ntomba languages The Bangi–Ntomba languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of the Congo. They are coded Zone C.30 in Guthrie's classification, and included the trade language Lingala, one of four natio ...
'' (
Lingala Lingala (Ngala) (Lingala: ''Lingála'') is a Bantu language spoken in the northwest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the northern half of the Republic of the Congo, in their capitals, Kinshasa and Brazzaville, and to a lesser degree ...
et al.) *C37+41 '' Buja–Ngombe languages'' *C42 Bwela *C40a ''
Bati–Angba languages The Bati–Angba or Bwa languages are a clade of Bantu languages, about half of Zone C.40 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), these languages form a valid node. They are: : Bwa (Yewu, Benge–Baati) – Pagibet ...
(Bwa)'' *C50–60 ''
Soko languages The Soko or Soko–Kele languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone C.50–60 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), apart from Mongo (Nkundo), the languages form a valid node. They are: : (C50) Mbesa, Soko ...
'' *C70 ''
Tetela languages The Tetela languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone C.70 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), together with C.81 Dengese and C.89, the Shuwa "dialect" of Bushoong, the languages form a valid node. They a ...
'' *C80 ''
Bushoong languages The Bushoong languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone C.80 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), apart from Dengese and the Shuwa "dialect" of Bushoong, the languages form a valid node. They are: # Hendo ...
'' Zone C is sometimes considered Forest Bantu, sometimes Savanna Bantu. There are proposals for three larger clades, '' Mboshi–Buja'' covering C10–20 and C37+41, and '' Bangi–Tetela'' covering C30 with C50–80 (Motingea 1996), and C40a together with D20–30 in '' Boan''.


Zone D

NE DR-Congo *D10 ''
Mbole–Enya languages The Mbole–Enya languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone D.10 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), apart possibly from Lengola the languages form a valid node. The other languages are: : Enya–Zura, ...
'' (? Lengola) *D20a ''
Lega–Binja languages The Lega–Binja languages are part of the Bantu languages coded Zone D.20 in Guthrie's classification, specifically D.24–26, which according to Nurse & Philippson (2003) form a valid clade. According to ''Ethnologue'', Bembe, which Nurse & Phi ...
'' *D20–30 '' Komo–Bira languages'', (with C40a) '' Boan'' *D28
Holoholo Holoholo may refer to: * Holoholo people, an ethnic group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo * Holoholo language Holoholo is a Bantu language of DR Congo and formerly in Tanzania spoken by the Holoholo people on either side of Lake Tanganyik ...
(perhaps in NE Bantu) *D30 (unclassified):
Guru Guru ( sa, गुरु, IAST: ''guru;'' Pali'': garu'') is a Sanskrit term for a "mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. In pan-Indian traditions, a guru is more than a teacher: traditionally, the guru is a reverentia ...
(Boguru), Ngbinda,
Kare Kare or KARE may refer to: * Kare (Žitorađa), a village in Serbia * Kare language, several languages with the name * Kare (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * Kare Kauks (born 1961), Estonian singer * Kåre or Kaare, ...
(Kari), Nyanga-li (Gbati-ri) *D33 ''
Nyali languages The Nyali languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone D.33 in Guthrie's classification. They are: : Budu, Ndaka, Nyali, Vanuma, Mbo They might belong in with the Mbole–Enya languages, but the connection could be with Lengola, wh ...
'' ( Beeke? Ngbee?, +
Bodo Bodo may refer to: Ethnicity * Boro people, an ethno-linguistic group mainly from Northwest Assam, India * Bodo-Kachari people, an umbrella group from Nepal, India and Bangladesh that includes the Bodo people Culture and language * Boro cu ...
?) *D43–55 ''
Nyanga–Buyi languages Nyanga–Buyi are a pair of Bantu languages left after the languages of Zone D.40–50 in Guthrie's classification were reclassified. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), they form a valid node. : Nyanga, Buyi References * {{Ba ...
'' *D54 Bembe (with Lega?) D10, D30, and some of D20 and D40 are sometimes considered Forest Bantu, the others Savanna Bantu. Most of D40–60 has been moved to
Great Lakes Bantu languages The Great Lakes Bantu languages, also known as Lacustrine Bantu and Bantu zone J, are a group of Bantu languages of East Africa. They were recognized as a group by the ''Tervuren'' team, who posited them as an additional zone (zone J) to Guthrie' ...
. Lengola, Bodo, and Nyali may belong together as '' Lebonya'', and Beeke in '' Boan''.


Zone E

Kenya, apart from Swahili The languages of Zone E have been reassigned: E10–E40 to
Great Lakes Bantu languages The Great Lakes Bantu languages, also known as Lacustrine Bantu and Bantu zone J, are a group of Bantu languages of East Africa. They were recognized as a group by the ''Tervuren'' team, who posited them as an additional zone (zone J) to Guthrie' ...
; E50 ''Kikuyu–Kamba (Central Kenya Bantu)'' and E60 ''Chaga–Taita'' to
Northeast Bantu The Northeast Bantu languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in East Africa. In Guthrie's geographic classification, they fall within Bantu zones E50 plus E46 (Sonjo), E60 plus E74a (Taita), F21–22, J, G60, plus Northeast Coast Bantu ( ...
; E70 ''Nyika'' to Northeast Bantu, mostly in Sabaki.


Zone F

W & C Tanzania. *F10 Tongwe-Bende *F30 (reduced) ''
Mbugwe–Rangi languages Mbugwe–Rangi are a pair of Bantu languages left after the languages of Zone F.30 in Guthrie's classification were reclassified. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), they form a valid node. : Mbugwe, Rangi (Langi) Footnotes References * ...
'' *?
Isanzu The Isanzu (Anyihanzu) are a Bantu ethno-linguistic group based in Mkalama, Singida, Tanzania. In 1987 the Isanzu population was estimated to number 32,40 The Isanzu have matrilineal descent groups and are agriculturalists who subsist on sorghum, ...
Much of F20 and F30, including the major language Sukuma, have been reclassified as
Northeast Bantu The Northeast Bantu languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in East Africa. In Guthrie's geographic classification, they fall within Bantu zones E50 plus E46 (Sonjo), E60 plus E74a (Taita), F21–22, J, G60, plus Northeast Coast Bantu ( ...
, with Bungu to
Rukwa Rukwa Region (''Mkoa wa Rukwa'' in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions with a postcode number 55000. The regional capital is the municipality of Sumbawanga. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population o ...
and Sumbwa as
Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five la ...
. Mbugwe–Rangi, however, form a valid node by themselves. Isanzu is sometimes classified as F30, as a variety of Nilamba, and sometimes thought to be a remnant of the Bantu languages spoken in the area before F-zone languages arrived.


Zone G

E Tanzania, Comoros *G50 (with Mbunga) ''
Kilombero Kilombero District is a district in Morogoro Region, south-western Tanzania. The district is situated in a vast floodplain, between the Kilombero River in the south-east and the Udzungwa-Mountains in the north-west. On the other side of the Kilo ...
'' The languages of Zone G have been reclassified, G60 ''Bene–Kinga'' to
Northeast Bantu The Northeast Bantu languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in East Africa. In Guthrie's geographic classification, they fall within Bantu zones E50 plus E46 (Sonjo), E60 plus E74a (Taita), F21–22, J, G60, plus Northeast Coast Bantu ( ...
, and the other branches more specifically to
Northeast Coast Bantu languages The Northeast Coast Bantu languages are the Bantu languages spoken along the coast of Tanzania and Kenya, and including inland Tanzania as far as Dodoma.Derek Nurse & Thomas Spear, 1985, ''The Swahili'' In Guthrie's geographic classification, t ...
.


Zone H

NW Angola, W Congo *H10 (reduced) ''
Kongo languages The Kongo languages are a clade of Bantu languages, coded Zone H.10 in Guthrie's classification, that are spoken by the Bakongo: : Beembe (Pangwa, Doondo, Kamba, Hangala), Ndingi, Kunyi, Mboka, Kongo, Western Kongo, Laari (Laadi), Vili, Y ...
'' *H20 ''
Kimbundu languages The Kimbundu languages are a group of Bantu languages coded Zone H.20 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), they probably form a valid node, though this is still uncertain. They are: : Kimbundu (Mbundu), Sama, Bolo ...
'' (?
Songo Songo may refer to: * Songo music, a type of contemporary Cuban music originating in Havana * Songo people, of northern Angola * Songo-salsa, a style of music that blends Spanish rapping and hip hop beats with salsa music and songo * Songo.mn, ...
) *H30–40 (with Yanzi) ''
Yaka languages The Yaka languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone H.30 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), with a couple additions the languages form a valid node. They are: : Yaka, Suku– Sonde, Mbangala, Shinji ...
'' H10 and H40 are sometimes considered Forest Bantu, the others Savanna Bantu. H10 Kunyi, Suundi, and Vili have been split between B40 and L10. H40 is split between H30 and L10. ''Kongo–Yaka'' may form a family, perhaps with B40 ''Sira''.


Zone J

Uganda, Rwanda–Burundi, near lakes Kivu & Victoria *J ''
Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five la ...
'' (part of
Northeast Bantu The Northeast Bantu languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in East Africa. In Guthrie's geographic classification, they fall within Bantu zones E50 plus E46 (Sonjo), E60 plus E74a (Taita), F21–22, J, G60, plus Northeast Coast Bantu ( ...
)


Zone K

E Angola, W Zambia *K10 ''
Chokwe–Luchazi languages The Chokwe–Luchazi languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone K.10 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), they form a valid node. They are: : Chokwe, Luvale The Luvale people, also spelled Lovale, Balovale, ...
'' *K31 Luyana *K30 ''
Kavango languages Kavango may refer to: ;Geographical features: * Okavango River, a river in southwest Africa, which drains into the Okavango Delta * Okavango Delta, a delta in Botswana * Okavango Basin, an endorheic basin that includes the Okavango River and Okavan ...
''? *K43 Mbukushu K20 ''
Lozi Lozi may refer to: * Lozi language * Lozi people Lozi people, or Barotse, are a southern African ethnic group who speak Lozi or Silozi, a Sotho–Tswana language. The Lozi people consist of more than 46 different ethnic groups and are primarily ...
'' is now classified as
Southern Bantu The Southern Bantu languages are a large group of Bantu languages, largely validated in Janson (1991/92).Tore Janson (1991-92) "Southern Bantu and Makua", ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' (''SUGIA'') Vol. 12/13: 63-106, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag ...
. Some K30 languages have been reclassified as Kavango, but Luyana is an independent lineage. K40 ''Subiya–Totela'' has been reclassified as Botatwe, apart from Mbukushu, which appears to be an independent lineage.


Zone L

S DR-Congo, C Zambia *L10 (with some H) ''
Pende languages The Pende or Holu languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone L.10 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), they form a valid node together with a couple languages from Zone H: :(L10) Pende, Samba Samba ( ...
'' *L20–40 +L60 ''
Luba languages The Luban languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken by the Lubas in the south of DRC Congo, established by Christine Ahmed (1995). They constitute half of Guthrie's Zone L. The languages, or clusters, along with their Guthrie identificat ...
'' (
Luluwa Aclima (also Kalmana, Lusia, Cainan, Luluwa, or Awan) according to some religious traditions was the oldest daughter of Adam and Eve, the sister (in many sources, the twin sister) of Cain. This would make her the first female human who was born ...
) *L50 ''
Lunda languages The Lunda languages are a clade of Bantu language The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and Southeast Africa. They form the l ...
'' L20 ''Songe'' (apart perhaps from Lwalu), L30 ''Luba'', L40 ''Kaonde'', and L60 ''Nkoya'' have been grouped as Luban.


Zone M

E Zambia, SE DR-Congo *M10–30 (with Bungu) ''
Rukwa languages The Rukwa languages are a group of Bantu languages established by Nurse (1988) and Fourshey (2002). They constitute half of Guthrie's Zone M, plus Bungu. The languages, or clusters, along with their Guthrie identifications, are: *Rungwe (M30): ...
'' *M40–50 (with Senga) ''
Sabi languages The Sabi languages are a group of Bantu languages established by Christine Ahmed. They constitute much of Guthrie's Zone M, plus Senga. The languages, or clusters, along with their Guthrie identifications, are: * Taabwa (Malungu, M40) *Tumbu ...
'' *M60 (with K40 Subia) ''
Botatwe languages The Botatwe languages are a group of Bantu languages. They are the languages of Guthrie group M.60 (Lenje–Tonga) plus some of the Subia languages (K.40): *Tonga (incl. Dombe, Leya) * Ila (Lundwe, Sala) * Soli * Lamba *Lenje (incl. Lukanga T ...
'' ''Sabi–Bobatwe'' may be related.


Zone N

Malawi and surrounding areas, C Mozambique *N20–40 ''
Nyasa languages The Nyasa languages are an apparently valid genealogical group of Bantu languages. With the reassignment of a couple of Guthrie Zone N languages to other branches, Nyasa is essentially synonymous with Zone N. The languages and their Guthrie ident ...
'' N10 ''Manda'' has been classified as Rufiji–Ruvuma, and the N20 Tumbuka 'dialect' Senga as Sabi.


Zone P

NE Mozambique, SE Tanzania P10 ''Matuumbi'' and P20 ''Yao'' have been classified as Rufiji–Ruvuma, P15 ''Mbunga'' as
Kilombero Kilombero District is a district in Morogoro Region, south-western Tanzania. The district is situated in a vast floodplain, between the Kilombero River in the south-east and the Udzungwa-Mountains in the north-west. On the other side of the Kilo ...
, P30 '' Makhuwa'' as
Southern Bantu The Southern Bantu languages are a large group of Bantu languages, largely validated in Janson (1991/92).Tore Janson (1991-92) "Southern Bantu and Makua", ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' (''SUGIA'') Vol. 12/13: 63-106, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag ...
.


Zone R

SW Angola, N Namibia, N Botswana *R11 ''
Umbundu Umbundu, or South Mbundu (autonym umb, úmbúndú), one of many Bantu languages, is the most widely-spoken autochthonous language of Angola. Its speakers are known as ''Ovimbundu'' and are an ethnic group constituting a third of Angola's popula ...
(South Mbundu)'' *R10–30 ''
Southwest Bantu languages The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...
'' *R40 '' Yeyi'' R20 ''Ovambo'', R30 ''Herero'', and R10 apart from Umbundu have been grouped together as
Southwest Bantu The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...
. Yeyi forms its own lineage.


Zone S

South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, S. Mozambique. *S10 ''
Shona languages The Shona languages are a clade of Bantu languages coded Zone S.10 in Guthrie's classification. According to Nurse & Philippson (2003), the languages form a valid node. They are: Eastern Shona group :: Ndau (S.15) Central Shona group :: Kore ...
'' *S20–60 (with P30) ''
Southern Bantu languages The Southern Bantu languages are a large group of Bantu languages, largely validated in Janson (1991/92).Tore Janson (1991-92) "Southern Bantu and Makua", ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' (''SUGIA'') Vol. 12/13: 63-106, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag ...
''


Full list (1948/2009)

Following is the original list from Guthrie (1948), with all numerical assignments, as updated by Guthrie himself (1971) and J.F. Maho (2009). The groups are geographic, and do not necessarily imply a relationship between the languages within them. Words in parentheses are added for disambiguation. Numbers in brackets are changes made in Maho (2009); languages in brackets were added by Maho (2009). Languages of the proposed Zone J are included among zones D and E.


Zone A

:A10: A11 01 Londo, A12 01 Barue, A13 Balong, A14 Bonkeng, A15 Mbo, Bafo, A151 Nkongho, multiple additions to A101 Oroko] :A20: A21 Kpwe language, Bomboko, A22 Kpwe language, Baakpe, A23 Suwu language, Su, A24 Duala language, Duala, A25 Duala language, Oli, A26 Duala language, Pongo, A27 Limba language (Cameroon), Mulimba, Bubia.html" ;"title="221 Bube language, Bubia">221 Bubia, A231 Kole, additions to A24–26 Duala:A30: A31a North Bobe, A31b Southwest Bobe, A31c Southeast Bobe, A32a Banoo, A32b Bapoko, A33a Yasa, A33b Kombe, A34 Benga :A40: A41 Lombi, A42 Bankon, A43a Mbene, A43b North Kogo, A43c South Kogo, A44 Banen, A45 Nyokon, A46 Mandi, Aling'a, A461 Bonek, A462 Yambeta language">Yambeta:A50: A51 Fa’, A52 Kaalong, A53 Kpa, A54 Tibea language">Ngayaba, [A501 Hijuk language">Hijuk">Bafia language (Cameroon)">Kpa, A54 Tibea language">Ngayaba, [A501 Hijuk language">Hijuk:A60: A61[601] Ki language, Ngoro, A62 Central Yambasa language, Yambasa, A63 Mengisa language, Mangisa, A64[601] Ki language, Bacenga, A65 Bati language (Cameroon), Bati, [A621 Baca language, Baca, A622
Gunu Gunu may refer to: * Abdul-Samed Muhamed Gunu (born 1966), Ghanaian politician * Gunu language, spoken in Cameroon * Sherifa Gunu Sherifa Gunu is a Ghanaian soul musician. She was born a princess into a royal family of the Kingdom of Dagbo ...
, A623 Mbule] :A70: A71 Eton language, Eton, A72a Ewondo, A72b Mvele, A72c Bakja, A72d Yangafek, A73a Bëbëlë, A73b Gbïgbïl, A74 Bulu, A75
Fang A fang is a long, pointed tooth. In mammals, a fang is a modified maxillary tooth, used for biting and tearing flesh. In snakes, it is a specialized tooth that is associated with a venom gland (see snake venom). Spiders also have external fan ...
, South-West Fang">Fang_language.html" ;"title="751 Fang language">South-West Fang:A80: A81 Mvumbo, A82 Swo language">So, A83 Makaa language">Makaa Makaa may refer to: *Makaa language of Cameroon *Maka people The Maka or Makaa are a Bantu ethnic group inhabiting the southern rain forest zone of Cameroon. They live primarily in the northern portions of the Upper Nyong division of Cameroon' ...
, A84 Njem The Njyem (or Njem or Ndjem) are an ethnic group inhabiting the rain forest zone of southern Cameroon and northern Republic of the Congo. In Cameroon, the Njyem live along the road running south from Lomié, passing the government center of Ng ...
, A85a Konabem, A85b Bekwil, A86a Medjime, A86b Mpompo, A86c Mpiemo, A87 Bomwali, Gyele, A802 Ukwedjo, A803
Shiwe, A831 Byep language">Byep, A832 Kol language (Cameroon)">Bekol, A841 Nzime language">Bajue, A842 Nzime language">Koonzime Nzime (''Koonzime'') is a Bantu language of Cameroon, spoken by the Nzime and Dwe'e (''Bajwe'e'') people. Maho (2009) lists these as two languages. It is closely related to Mpo. Demographics Koonzime is spoken in most of the southern part of ...
] :A90: A91 Kwakum language, Kwakum, A92a Pol language, Pol, A92b Pol language, Pomo, A93 Kako language, Kako


Zone B

:B10: B11a Myene language, Mpongwe, B11b
Rongo In Māori mythology, Rongo or Rongo-mā-Tāne (also Rongo-hīrea, Rongo-marae-roa, and Rongo-marae-roa-a-Rangi) is a major god (''atua'') of cultivated plants, especially kumara (spelled ''kūmara'' in Māori), a vital crop. Other crops culti ...
, B11c Galwa, B11d Dyumba, B11e Nkomi :B20: B21 Sekiyani, B22a West Kele, B22b
Ngom Ngom can be: *A village in Nigeria *It is also spelt Ngum is a West African surname of the Serer people found in Senegal and the Gambia. Notable people with the surname Ngom include: * Dawda Ngum, Gambian footballer *Ousmane Ngom Ousmane Aliou ...
, B22c
Bubi BuBi (officially: MOL BuBi) is a bicycle sharing network in Budapest, Hungary. Its name is a playful contraction Budapest and Bicikli ( bicycle in Hungarian), meaning "bubble" in an endearing manner. As of May 2019 the network consists of 143 doc ...
, B23 Mbangwe, B24 Wumbvu, B25
Kota Kota or KOTA may refer to: People and languages *Kōta (given name), a masculine Japanese given name *Kota Brahmin, a sub-caste of Brahmins in Karnataka *Kota people (India), a tribe in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu, South India **Kota language ...
, Ndasa, B202 Sighu, B203 Sama, B204
Ndambomo, B205 Metombola language">Metombola, B221 Lengue language">Molengue, B251 Sake language">Shake, B252 Mahongwe language">Mahongwe Mahongwe is an undocumented and threatened Bantu language The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and Southeast Africa. They form ...
] :B30: B31 Tsogo language, Tsogo, B32 Kande language, Kande, [B301 Viya language, Viya, B302 Himba language, Himbaka, B303 Bongwe language, Bongwe, B304 Pinji language, Pinzi, B305 Vove] :B40: B41 Shira language, Sira, B42
Sangu Sangu may refer to: * Sangu language (Gabon) * Sangu language (Tanzania) * Sanghu, Taplejung, Nepal * Sangu River The Sangu River is a river in Myanmar and Bangladesh. Its source is in the North Arakan Hills of Myanmar, located at 21°13´N 92� ...
, B43 Punu, B44 Lumbu, Bwisi, B402 Varama, B403 Vumbu language">Vungu, B404 Ngubi language">Ngubi, B411 Shira language">Bwali">Barama language">Varama, B403 Vumbu language">Vungu, B404 Ngubi language">Ngubi, B411 Bwali:B50: B51 Duma language">Duma A duma (russian: дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term ''boyar duma'' is used to refer to advisory councils in Russia from the 10th to 17th centuries. Starting in the 18th century, city dumas were f ...
, B52 Nzebi, B53 Tsaangi, Wanzi, B502 Mwele language">Mwele, B503 Ibhili language">Vili">html" ;"title="Tsaangi language">Tsaangi, [B501 Wanzi language">Wanzi, B502 Mwele language">Mwele, B503 Ibhili language">Vili:B60: B61 Mbete, B62 Mbaama, B63 Ndumu language">Nduumo, [B602 Kaning'i language">Kaning'i, B603 Yangho language">Yangho">602_Ka.html" ;"title="Mbama language">Mbaama, B63 Ndumu language">Nduumo, [B602 Kaning'i language">Kaning'i, B603 Yangho language">Yangho:B70: B71a Tege-Kali, B71b Njiningi, B72a Ngungwele, B72b
Mpumpu, B73a West Teke language">Tsaayi, B73b West Teke language">Laali ''Laali'' ( kn, ಲಾಲಿ) is a 1997 Indian Kannada-language drama film directed, written and scripted by Dinesh Babu, starring Vishnuvardhan, Mohini and Shanthi Krishna in the lead roles. The film was produced by Rockline Venkatesh under ...
, B73c Yaa, B73d
Kwe, B74a Ndzindziu, B74b Central Teke language">Boma, B75 East Teke language">Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...
(Teke), B76a Musieno, B76b Ngee, B77a Kukwa, B77b Fuumu language">Fumu, B78 Fuumu language">Wuumu, [B701 Tsege language">Tsitsege">Kukuya language">Kukwa, B77b Fuumu language">Fumu, B78 Fuumu language">Wuumu, Tsitsege:B80: B81 Tiene language">Tiene A Tiene (plural: ''Tienen''), sometimes also called Tine or Obsttiene (Obst is German for fruit), was a special container for transporting wine and fruit. These were used until shortly after the First World War, mostly in the Brandenburg city of W ...
, B82
Boma, B83 Mfinu language">Mfinu Mfinu (also known as Emfinu, Funika, Mfununga, Ntsiam or Ntswar) is a Bantu language The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and ...
, B84a 4Mpuono language, Mpuon, B84b 4Mpuono language, Mpuun, B85a Yansi language, Mbiem, B85b Yansi language, East Yans, B85c Yansi language, Yeei, B85d Yansi language, Ntsuo, B85e Yansi language, Mpur, B86 Ding language, Di, B87 4 Mbuun, Mpe, B822 Nunu, B861 Ngul (Ngwi), B862 Lwel, B863 Ding language">Mpiin, B864 Ding language">West Ngongo, B865 Nzadi language">Nzadi">Ding language">Lwel, B863 Ding language">Mpiin, B864 Ding language">West Ngongo, B865 Nzadi language">Nzadi


Zone C

:C10: C11 Ngondi, C12a Pande, C12b Bogongo, C13 Mbati, C14 Mbomotaba, C15 Bongili language">Bongili, C16
Lobala, Dibole, C102 Ngando language (Central African Republic)">Ngando, C103 Ngando language (Central African Republic)">Kota Kota or KOTA may refer to: People and languages *Kōta (given name), a masculine Japanese given name *Kota Brahmin, a sub-caste of Brahmins in Karnataka *Kota people (India), a tribe in the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu, South India **Kota language ...
, C104 Yaka (Aka), C105 Mbenga (?=Aka), C141 Enyele, C142 Bondongo, C143 Mbonzo, C161
Bomboli, C162 Bozaba language">Bozaba">Bomitaba language">Mbonzo, C161 Bomboli language">Bomboli, C162
Bozaba:C20: C21 Mboko language">Mboko Mboko, Cameroon, Mboko is a region in southern Cameroon. It may also refer to : Culture *Mboko language, Congo *Mboko people, Cameroon **their Wumboko language *Mboko dialect of Chung-Mboko language People

*Ayrton Mboko (born 1997), Belgia ...
, C22 Akwa language">Akwa Akwa may refer to: People * Akwá, Fabrice Akwa (born 1977), Angolan footballer * Obed Akwa, Ghanaian soldier * People from Akwa Ibom, Nigeria * People from Akwa Akpa, Nigeria Places * Akwa, Douala, a district in Douala, Cameroon ** Stade Akwa, ...
, C23[21] Mboko language, Ngare, C24 Koyo language (Congo), Koyo, C25 Mboshi language, Mbosi, C26 Kwala language, Kwala, C27 Kuba language, Kuba, [C201 Bwenyi language, Bwenyi] :C30: C31a
Loi Loi is the word in the Meitei language (Meiteilon) for the term " scheduled caste". The term ''Loi'' is given to the indigenous and aboriginal people of Manipur in northeast India who refused to adopt Hinduism or were semi-Hinduised when the n ...
, C31b Ngiri, C31c Nunu, C32 Bobangi, C33 Sengele, C34 Sakata, C35a Ntomba, C35b Bolia, C36a Poto, C36b Mpesa, C36c Mbudza, C36d
Mangala Mangala (Devanagari, Sanskrit: मङ्गल, IAST: ) is the personification, as well as the name for the planet Mars, in Hindu texts, Hindu literature. Also known as Lohita (), he is the celibate deity of anger, aggression, as well as war. A ...
, C36e
Boloki Loki (Boloki), or Ruki, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is very close to Lingala Lingala (Ngala) (Lingala: ''Lingála'') is a Bantu language spoken in the northwest of the Democratic Republic of the Co ...
, C36f Kangana, C36g Ndolo, C37
Buja Buja ( fur, Buje or ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine. Buja borders the following municipalities: Artegna, Colloredo di Monte Albano ...
, Doko, C302 Londo language">Bolondo Bolondo is a coastal town in Equatorial Guinea. Populated places in Litoral (Equatorial Guinea) {{EquatorialGuinea-geo-stub ...
, C311 Mabaale, C312 Ndoobo, C313 Litoka, C314 Balobo, C315 Enga, C321 Binza, C322 Dzamba, C323 Mpama, C371 Tembo, C372 Budza language">Kunda, C373 Budza language">Gbuta, C374 Budza language">Babale">Budza language">Tembo, C372 Budza language">Kunda, C373 Budza language">Gbuta, C374 Budza language">Babale:C40: C41 Ngombe, C42 Bwela, C43
Bati, C44 Bwa language">Boa Kwon Bo-ah (; born November 5, 1986), known professionally as BoA, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer and actress. One of the most successful and influential Korean entertainers, she has been dubbed the " Queen of K- ...
, C45 Angba, Pagibete, C403 Kango language (Bas-Uélé District)">Kango, C411 Bomboma language">Bomboma Bomboma (Mboma) is a Bantu language The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and Southeast Africa. They form the largest branch of ...
, C412 Bamwe, C413 Dzando, C414 Ligendza, C415 Likula, C441 Bango language">Bango">Gendza language">Ligendza, C415 Kula language (Bantu)">Likula, C441 Bango language">Bango:C50: C51 Mbesa, C52 So, C53 Poke, C54 Lombo language">Lombo, C55 Kele language (Congo)">Kele, C56 Foma language">Foma Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA) is the brand name of the W-CDMA-based 3G telecommunications services being offered by the Japanese telecommunications service provider NTT DoCoMo. It is an implementation of the Universal Mobile Telecom ...
,
Likile, C502 Linga language">Linga A lingam ( sa, लिङ्ग , lit. "sign, symbol or mark"), sometimes referred to as linga or Shiva linga, is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva in Shaivism. It is typically the primary ''murti'' or devotional ...
] :C60: C61a Mongo language, Northeast Mongo, C61b Mongo language, Northwest Mongo, C62 Lalia language, Lalia, [C63 Ngando language, Ngando, C611 Mongo language, Bafoto] :C70: C71 Tetela, C72 Kusu, C73 Nkutu, C74 Yela, C75
Kela Kela or KELA may refer to: * KelA, a sports club in Kellokoski, Finland * KELA (AM), a radio station (1470 AM) licensed to Centralia-Chehalis, Washington, United States * Kela (Finnish institution), the Finnish social security agency * Kela (trib ...
, C76
Ombo Ombo is an island in the municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The island is the largest island in the Ryfylke region and the second largest island in Rogaland county. There are several villages on the island including Jørstadvå ...
, Langa">Langa_language.html" ;"title="701 Langa:C80: C81 Dengese language">Dengese The Dengese, also known as the Ndengese, are an ethnic group from Democratic Republic of the Congo. They speak Bondengese and Lingala Lingala (Ngala) (Lingala: ''Lingála'') is a Bantu language spoken in the northwest of the Democratic Re ...
, C82 Songomeno, C83 Busoong, C84 Lele language (Bantu)">Lele, C85 Wongo language">Wongo


Zone D

:D10: D11 Mbole, D12 Lengola, D13
Metoko, D14 Enya language">Enya Enya Patricia Brennan (; ga, Eithne Pádraigín Ní Bhraonáin; born 17 May 1961), known professionally by the mononym Enya, is an Irish singer, songwriter, and musician known for modern Celtic music. She is the best-selling Irish solo arti ...
, Zura">141 Zura:D20: D21 Baali language">Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nu ...
, D22 Amba, D23 Komo, D24
Songola, D25 Lega language">Lega, D26 Zimba language">Zimba, D27 Bangubangu language">Bangubangu The Bangubangu are a Bantu people from the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, primarily in the Kabambare Territory. They speak the Bangubangu language. They also live in Tanzania, where they migrated during the 19th century and are usually known ...
, D28a West Holoholo, D28b East Holoholo, Liko, D211 Kango, D251 Lega language">Lega-Malinga, D281 Holoholo language">Tumbwe, D282 Holoholo language">Lumbwe">Bila language">Kango, D251 Lega language">Lega-Malinga, D281 Holoholo language">Tumbwe, D282
Lumbwe:D30: D31 Bhele language">Peri In Persian mythology, peris (singular: peri; from fa, پَری, translit=parī, , plural , ; borrowed in European languages through ota, پَری, translit=peri) are exquisite, winged spirits renowned for their beauty. Peris were later ad ...
, D32 Bira Bira may refer to: Places Greece *Boura (Achaea) (alternatively spelled Bira or Bura), an ancient city of Achaea, Greece India * Bira, North 24 Parganas, a census town in West Bengal, India ** Bira railway station Lebanon *Bireh, Akkar * Al-Bireh ...
, D33
Nyali, [D301 Kari language">Kari Kari or KARI may refer to: Places *Kari, Jhunjhunu, a village in Rajasthan, India * , a village in Mouhoun Province, Burkina Faso *Kari, Tikamgarh, a town in Madhya Pradesh, India *Kari, Iran, a village in Bushehr Province, Iran *Kari-ye Bozorg ("G ...
, D302
Guru Guru ( sa, गुरु, IAST: ''guru;'' Pali'': garu'') is a Sanskrit term for a "mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. In pan-Indian traditions, a guru is more than a teacher: traditionally, the guru is a reverentia ...
, D303 Ngbinda, D304 † Homa, D305 Nyanga-li, D306 Gbati-ri, D307 Nyanga-li language">Mayeka, D308
Bodo Bodo may refer to: Ethnicity * Boro people, an ethno-linguistic group mainly from Northwest Assam, India * Bodo-Kachari people, an umbrella group from Nepal, India and Bangladesh that includes the Bodo people Culture and language * Boro cu ...
(CAR), D311 Bila, D312 Kaiku, D313 Ibutu, D331 Vanuma language">Bvanuma, D332 Budu language">Budu, D333 Ndaka language">Ndaaka, D334 Mbo language (Congo)">Mbo, D335 Beeke, D336 Ngbee] :D40: 41 Konjo language (Bantu), Konzo, 42 Nande language, Ndandi, D43 Nyanga language, Nyanga :D50: 51 Hunde language, Hunde, 52 Havu language, Haavu, 53 Nyabungu, D54 Bembe, D55
Buyi The Bouyei (also spelled ''Puyi'', ''Buyei'' and ''Buyi''; self called: Buxqyaix, or "Puzhong", "Burao", "Puman"; ; vi, người Bố Y), otherwise known as the Zhongjia, are an ethnic group living in Southern Mainland China. Numbering 2.5 mi ...
, 56 Kabwari, Nyindu, JD502
Yaka, JD531 Tembo (Kitembo) language">Tembo">Shi language">Nyindu, JD502 Yaka language (Kivu)">Yaka, JD531 Tembo (Kitembo) language">Tembo: 60: D61 Ruanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equa ...
, D62 Rundi, D63 Fuliiro, D64 Subi language">Subi, D65 Hangaza language">Hangaza The Hangaza are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group based in Kagera Region in northwestern Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African ...
, D66
Ha, D67 Vinza language">Vinza The Vinza (''Wavinza'' in Swahili) are a Bantu ethnic and linguistic group based in Kigoma Region, Tanzania. In 1987 the Vinza population was estimated to be 10,000. The Vinza people speak the Vinza language, also known as Kivinza, which belo ...
, [JD631 Fuliiru language">Vira Vira may refer to: Places *Vira, Ariège, a commune in the Ariège department, France *Vira (Gambarogno), a municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland *Vira, Kutch, a village in Kutch district of Gujarat, India *Vira, Pyrénées-Orientales ...
]


Zone E

: 10: E11 Nyoro language, Nyoro, E12 Tooro language, Tooro, E13 Nyankore language, Nyankore, E14 Ciga language, Ciga, E15 Ganda language, Ganda, E16 Soga, E17 Gwere, E18
Nyala The lowland nyala or simply nyala (''Tragelaphus angasii'') is a spiral-horned antelope native to southern Africa. It is a species of the family Bovidae and genus '' Tragelaphus'', previously placed in genus ''Nyala''. It was first described i ...
,
Gungu Gungu is a town in Kwilu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is the capital of Gungu Territory as well as Gungu Sector. The town lies west of the Kwilu River and is situated between the streams Lukunia in the south-east and Kitem ...
, JE102 Talinga-Bwisi, JE103 Ruli, JE121 Hema language">Hema">Ruli language">Ruli, JE121
Hema:[J">Hema_language">Hema<_a>.html" ;"title="Ruli language">Ruli, JE121 Hema language">Hema">Ruli language">Ruli, JE121
Hema:[J20: E21 Nyambo language">Nyambo The Nyambo, or Ragwe, are a Bantu ethnic and linguistic group based in the Karagwe District of Kagera Region in far northwestern Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), i ...
, E22 Ziba Ziba may refer to: *Ziba (biblical figure) *Ziba, Lorestan, a village in Iran *Ziba (gastropod) *Ziba Shirazi *Ziba Design, a Portland, Oregon-based design firm founded by Sohrab Vossoughi Sohrab Vossoughi is an Iranian–American entrepreneur, p ...
, E23
Dzindza, E24 Kerebe language">Kerebe Kerewe, or Kerebe, is a Bantu language of Tanzania, spoken on Ukerewe Island in Lake Victoria, the largest inland island in Africa. Kerewe phonology prohibits vowel sequences: if a vowel sequence arises in the underlying representation of a ph ...
, E25
Jita The Jita are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group based in Mara Region in northern Tanzania, on the southeastern shore of Lake Victoria. In 2005 the Jita population was estimated to number 205,000. The Jita have many clans such as the Rusori clan, Batim ...
,
Rashi Shlomo Yitzchaki ( he, רבי שלמה יצחקי; la, Salomon Isaacides; french: Salomon de Troyes, 22 February 1040 – 13 July 1105), today generally known by the acronym Rashi (see below), was a medieval French rabbi and author of a compr ...
, JE251
Kwaya The Kwaya are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group based in the Mara Region of northern Tanzania, on the southeastern shore of Lake Victoria Lake Victoria is one of the African Great Lakes. With a surface area of approximately , Lake Victoria is ...
, JE252 Kara Kara or KARA may refer to: Geography Localities * Kara, Chad, a sub-prefecture * Kára, Hungary, a village * Kara, Uttar Pradesh, India, a township * Kara, Iran, a village in Lorestan Province * Kara, Republic of Dagestan, a rural locality in D ...
, JE253 Ruri">Ruri language">Ruri: 30: E31a
Gisu The Gisu people, or ''Bamasaba'' people of Elgon, are a Bantu tribe of the Masaba people of eastern Uganda, closely related to the Bukusu people of Kenya. Bamasaba live mainly in the Mbale District of Uganda on the slopes of Mount Elgon. Anc ...
, E31b Kisu, E31c
Bukusu The Bukusu people ( Bukusu: ''Babukusu'') are one of the seventeen Kenyan tribes of the Luhya Bantu people of East Africa residing mainly in the counties of Bungoma and Trans Nzoia. They are closely related to other Luhya people and the Gisu of ...
, E32a Hanga, E32b
Tsotso The Tsotso or ''Abatsotso'' are a tribe of the Luhya nation in Kenya. They occupy three locations in Lurambi division of Kakamega District. The three locations are Bukura, north Butsotso and south Butsotso. See also * Luhya people The Luhya (a ...
, E33 Nyore, E34
Saamia Samia (Saamia) is a Bantu language spoken by the Luhya people The Luhya (also known as ''Abaluyia'' or Luyia) comprise a number of Bantu ethnic groups native to western Kenya. They are divided into 20 culturally and linguistically related tri ...
, E35 Nyuli, Xaayo, JE342 Marachi, JE343 Songa language">Songa">Xaayo language">Xaayo, JE342 Marachi language">Marachi, JE343 Songa language">Songa:E40: 41 Logooli, 42 Gusii, 43 Koria, 44
Zanaki, 45 Nata Nata could refer to: __NOTOC__ Places * Nata, Botswana, a village in Central District of Botswana * Nata, Cyprus, a small village near Paphos, Cyprus * Natá, Coclé, a town and corregimiento in Natá District, Coclé Province, Panama * Natá D ...
, E46 Sonjo, [JE401 Nguruimi language">Nguruimi, JE402 Ikizu language">Ikizu, JE403 Suba language">Suba Suba may refer to: Groups of people * Suba people (Kenya), a people of Kenya **Suba language *Suba people (Tanzania), a people of Tanzania * Subha (writers), alternatively spelt Suba, Indian writer duo Individual people * Suba (musician), Serbia ...
/ Suba-Simbiti, JE404 Shashi, JE405
Kabwa, JE406 †Singa language">Singa, JE407 †Ware language">Ware Ware may refer to: People * Ware (surname) * William of Ware (), English Franciscan theologian Places Canada * Fort Ware, British Columbia United Kingdom *Ware, Devon *Ware, Hertfordshire * Ware, Kent United States * Ware, Elmore County, A ...
, JE411 Idaxo, JE412 Isuxa language">Isuxa, JE413 Tiriki language">Tiriki Tiriki is one of sixteen clans and dialects of the Abaluyia people of Western Kenya. The word ''Tiriki'' is also used to refer to their Geographical Location in Hamisi Division, Vihiga County, in the Western province of Kenya. Hamisi Constitue ...
, JE431 Simbiti, JE432 Hacha language">Hacha, JE433 Surwa language">Surwa, JE434 Sweta language">Sweta ''Sweta'' is a genus of leafhopper in the subfamily Typhlocybinae, with two species. The genus name is derived from the Sanskrit word for white, the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species n ...
] :E50: E51 Gikuyu language, Gikuyu, E52 Embu language, Embu, E53 Meru language, Meru, E54 Saraka language, Saraka, E55 Kamba language, Kamba, E56 Daiso language, Daiso, [E531 Mwimbi-Muthambi, E541 Cuka] :E60: E61
21a 1A or 1-A may refer to: Arts and entertainment * 1A (comics), a comic book robot * ''1A'' (radio program), an American radio program Politics * * First Amendment (disambiguation), the first amendment of various legislation Science and techno ...
Rwo, E62a 21b,622a Hai, E62b
22c C, or c, is the third Letter (alphabet), letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is English alphabet#Le ...
Wunjo, E62c 23 Rombo, E63 Rusa, E64
Kahe Kahe may refer to: Places * Kahe, Tanzania, a group of wards in northeastern Tanzania ** Battle of Kahe, fought during the East African Campaign of World War I *Kahe Mashariki, a town and ward in northeastern Tanzania *Kahak, Razavi Khorasan, a ...
, E65 Gweno :E70: E71 Pokomo, E72a Gyriama, E72b Kauma, E72c Conyi, E72d
Duruma Duruma is a settlement in Kenya ) , national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , ...
, E72e Rabai, E73 Digo, E74a Dabida, E74b 41
Sagala Sagala, Sakala ( sa, साकला), or Sangala ( grc, Σάγγαλα) was a city in ancient India, which was the predecessor of the modern city of Sialkot that is located in what is now Pakistan's northern Punjab province. The city was the ...
, Elwana, E731 Segeju language">Segeju, E732 Degere language">Degere The Degere are a Mijikenda-speaking group of former hunter-gatherers of Kenya and Tanzania, now settled along the Ramisi, Mwena and Umba rivers, with a few along the coast. They may number no more than a few hundred to at most a few thousand. ...
, E74 Taita language">Taita Taita may refer to: * Taita people, a Bantu ethnic group in Kenya * Taita language, a Bantu language * Taitā, New Zealand, a suburb of Lower Hutt City * Taita Hills, a mountain range in Kenya * Taita Cushitic languages, an extinct pair of Afr ...
]


Zone F

:F10: F11 Tongwe language, Tongwe, F12 Bende language, Bende :F20: F21 Sukuma, F22 Nyamwezi, F23
Sumbwa The Sumbwa are a Bantu group native to Bukombe District, Geita Region in central Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Gre ...
, F24 Kimbu, F25 Bungu :F30: F31 Nilamba, F32
Remi The Remi (Gaulish: ''Rēmi'', 'the first, the princes') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the Aisne, Vesle and Suippe river valleys during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Their territory roughly corresponded the modern Marne and Ardennes an ...
, F33 Langi, F34 Mbugwe


Zone G

:G10: G11
Gogo Go go or Gogo may refer to: Geography * Ghogha, India, a town once also known as Gogo * Gogo, Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso, a town * Gogo, Zoundwéogo, Burkina Faso, a city * Gogo Department, a department in central Burkina Faso * Gogo Formatio ...
, G12 Kaguru :G20: G21 74a Tubeta, G22 Asu, G23 Shambala, G24
Bondei The Bondei People (Swahili: ''Wabondei'') are a Bantu ethnic group based in Pangani District in east Tanga Region in northeastern Tanzania. Bondei speak a Bantu language and are related to the Shambaa ethnic group.. The name "Bondei" was given to ...
,
Mbugu Maʼa is a Bantu language of Tanzania. The Mbugu people speak two divergent registers, which have been treated as separate languages by some authorities (e.g. Tucker and Bryan): Mbugu or "Normal Mbugu" (autonym kiMbugu) is purely Bantu, with ...
(Bantu register)] :G30: G31 Zigula language, Zigula, G32 Ngwele language, Ngwele, G33 Zaramo language, Zaramo, G34 Ngulu language, Ngulu, G35 Ruguru language, Ruguru, G36 Kami language (Bantu), Kami, G37 Kutu language, Kutu, G38 Vidunda, G39
Sagala Sagala, Sakala ( sa, साकला), or Sangala ( grc, Σάγγαλα) was a city in ancient India, which was the predecessor of the modern city of Sialkot that is located in what is now Pakistan's northern Punjab province. The city was the ...
, Doe, G311 Mushungulu language">Mushungulu (incl. Shanbara)">Mushung.html" ;"title="Doe_language.html" ;"title="301 Doe language">Doe, G311 Mushungulu language">Mushungulu (incl. Shanbara):G40: G41 Tikuu, G42a Amu dialect">Amu, G42b Mvita dialect">Mvita Mvita Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of six constituencies in Mombasa County. The entire constituency is located within Mombasa municipality area. The constituency was established for the 1988 elections. Members of ...
, G42c
Mrima Mrima or Mrima Coast is the traditional name for the part of the East African coast facing Zanzibar. The inhabitants were often called "Wamrima" or Mrima people even though they could belong to different tribes and language groups. The sources giv ...
, G42d Unguja Unguja (also referred to as "Zanzibar Island" or simply "Zanzibar", in grc, Μενουθιάς, Menuthias – as mentioned in The ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'') is the largest and most populated island of the Zanzibar archipelago, in Tanza ...
, G43a Phemba, G43b Tumbatu dialect">Tumbatu, G43c Hadimu dialect">Hadimu The Hadimu are an indigenous Bantu ethnic group native to the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba Island. A now extinct spirit possession Spirit possession is an unusual or altered state of consciousness and associated behaviors purportedly caused ...
, G44a Ngazija, G44b Njuani dialect">Njuani, [G402 Makwe language">Makwe The Makwe are an ethnic and linguistic group based on the Indian Ocean coast in northern Mozambique and southern Tanzania. In 2003 the Makwe population was estimated to number 32,000, of which 22,000 live in Mozambique and 10,000 live in Tanzan ...
, G403
Mwani, G404 Sidi language">Sidi ''Sidi'' or ''Sayidi'', also Sayyidi and Sayeedi, ( ar, سيدي, Sayyīdī, Sīdī (dialectal) "milord") is an Arabic masculine title of respect. ''Sidi'' is used often to mean "saint" or "my master" in Maghrebi Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. Wit ...
(India), G411 Socotra Swahili Socotra Swahili is an extinct variety of Swahili Swahili may refer to: * Swahili language, a Bantu language official in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda and widely spoken in the African Great Lakes * Swahili people, an ethnic group in East Africa * ...
, G412 Mwiini">Mwiini language">Mwiini:G50: G51 Pogolo, G52 Ndamba :G60: G61 Sango, G62 Hehe, G63 Bena, G64 Pangwa, G65 Kinga, G66 Wanji, G67 Kisi, Magoma">Magoma_language.html" ;"title="651 Magoma language">Magoma


Zone H

:H10: H11 Beembe, H12 Vili, H13 Kunyi, H14 Ndingi, H15 Mboka, H16a South Kongo, H16b Central Kongo, H16c
Yombe, H16d Fiote, H16e Bwende dialect">Bwende, H16f Laadi dialect">Laadi Laadi is a village in Häädemeeste Parish, Pärnu County, in southwestern Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across f ...
, H16g East Kongo, H16h
Southeast Kongo, [H111 Hangala language">Hangala, H112 Kamba language (Congo)">Kamba Kamba may refer to: *Kamba people of Kenya *Bena-Kamba, a community in the Democratic Republic of the Congo *Khampa, also spelled Kamba, Tibetan people of Kham See also *Kamba language (disambiguation) Kamba language (Kenya) Kamba may also refer ...
- Doondo, H131 Suundi">Doondo language">Doondo, H131 Suundi:H20: H21a
Kimbundu Kimbundu, a Bantu language which has sometimes been called Mbundu or 'North Mbundu' (see Umbundu), is the second-most-widely-spoken Bantu language in Angola. Its speakers are concentrated in the north-west of the country, notably in the Lua ...
, H21b
Mbamba Mbaama (''Lembaamba'') is a Bantu language spoken in the Bambama District ( Lekoumou Region) of the Republic of Congo and in Haut-Ogooué Province, south of Okondja, in Gabon by the Obamba people The Obamba are an ethnic group located largely i ...
, H22 Sama, H23
Bolo Bolo may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * Bolo, a fictional tribe in ''bolo'bolo'' by P.M. * Bolo, a character in the ''Shantae'' series * ''Bolo'' universe, a science fiction universe created by Keith Laumer * Prin ...
, H24
Songo Songo may refer to: * Songo music, a type of contemporary Cuban music originating in Havana * Songo people, of northern Angola * Songo-salsa, a style of music that blends Spanish rapping and hip hop beats with salsa music and songo * Songo.mn, ...
:H30: H31 Yaka, H32 Suku, H33 12b Hungu, H34 Mbangala, H35 Sinji, Soonde">Soonde_language.html" ;"title="321 Soonde language">Soonde:H40: H41 Mbala, H42 Hunganna language">Hunganna


Zone K

:K10: K11 Ciokwe, K12a Luimbi, K12b Ngangela, K13
Lucazi, K14 Lwena language">Lwena, K15 Mbunda language">Mbunda, K16 Nyengo language">Nyengo, K17 Mbwela language">Mbwela Nkoya is a Bantu language of Zambia. It may be one of the Luba languages, and is at least Luban. Maho (2009) considers the various varieties—Mbwera, Kolwe, Shangi, Shasha, and Nkoya proper—to be distinct languages in an Nkoya language clust ...
, K18 Nkangala :K20: K21
Lozi Lozi may refer to: * Lozi language * Lozi people Lozi people, or Barotse, are a southern African ethnic group who speak Lozi or Silozi, a Sotho–Tswana language. The Lozi people consist of more than 46 different ethnic groups and are primarily ...
:K30: K31 Luyana, K32
Mbowe, K33 Kwangali language">Kwangali Kwangali is a traditional Kavango kingdom in what is today Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola t ...
, K34 Mashi Mashi is a Local Government Area in Katsina State, Nigeria, sharing a border with the Republic of Niger. Its headquarters are in the town of Mashi in the southwest of the area at. It has an area of 905 km and a population of 173,134 at the ...
, K35 Simaa, K36 Sanjo, K37 Kwangwa, [K321 Mbume language">Mbume, K322 Liyuwa language">Liyuwa, K332 Manyo language">Manyo, K333 Mbukushu, K334 † Mbogedu, K351 Mulonga, K352 Mwenyi, K353 Koma, K354 Imilangu, K371 Kwandi language">Kwandi">Koma language (Bantu)">Koma, K354 Imilangu language">Imilangu, K371 Kwandi language">Kwandi:K40: K41 Totela, K42 Subiya, [K402 Fwe language">Fwe, K411 Totela language (Namibia)">Totela of Namibia">Subiya language">Subiya, [K402 Fwe language">Fwe, K411 Totela language (Namibia)">Totela of Namibia


Zone L

:L10: L11
Pende, L12 Samba dialect">Samba Samba (), also known as samba urbano carioca (''urban Carioca samba'') or simply samba carioca (''Carioca samba''), is a Brazilian music genre that originated in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century. Havi ...
& Holu, L13
Kwese, [L101 Sonde language (L101)">Sonde§">Kwese_langu.html" ;"title="Kwese_language.html" ;"title="Holu dialect">Holu, L13 Kwese language">Kwese,
Sonde§:L20: L21 Kete language">Kete KETE (99.7 FM; "Three Angels Broadcasting Network") is a terrestrial radio station, licensed to Sulphur Bluff, Texas, United States, and owned by Brazos TV, Inc. KETE broadcasts a Christian preaching format, featuring programming from the Thre ...
, L22 Binji Binji is a Local Government Area A local government area (LGA) is an administrative division of a country that a local government is responsible for. The size of an LGA varies by country but it is generally a subdivision of a State (administrat ...
Mbagani, L23 Songe language">Songe Songe is a village in Tvedestrand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the European route E18, about northeast of the town of Tvedestrand and about south of the village of Akland (in neighboring Risør munici ...
, L24 Luna Luna commonly refers to: * Earth's Moon, named "Luna" in Latin * Luna (goddess), the ancient Roman personification of the Moon Luna may also refer to: Places Philippines * Luna, Apayao * Luna, Isabela * Luna, La Union * Luna, San Jose Romani ...
,
Budya, L202 Yazi language">Yazi Yazi is a town in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivale ...
, L221
Lwalwa, L231 Binji language">Binji Binji is a Local Government Area A local government area (LGA) is an administrative division of a country that a local government is responsible for. The size of an LGA varies by country but it is generally a subdivision of a State (administrat ...
] :L30: L31a Luba-Kasai language, Luba-Kasai, L31b Lulua dialect, Lulua, L32 Kanyoka language, Kanyoka, L33 Luba-Katanga language, Luba-Katanga, L34 Hemba language, Hemba, L35 Sanga language (Bantu), Sanga, Kebwe.html" ;"title="301 Kebwe language, Kebwe">301 Kebwe, L331 Zeela:L40: L41 Kaonde :L50: L51 Salampasu, L52 Lunda, L53 Ruund, Luntu:L60: L61
Mbwera, L62 Nkoya language">Nkoya The Nkoya (also Shinkoya) people are a Bantu people native to Zambia, living mostly in the Western and Southern Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airl ...
, Kolwe, L602
Lushangi, L603 Shasha language">Shasha">Kolwe language">Kolwe, L602 Lushangi language">Lushangi, L603 Shasha language">Shasha


Zone M

:M10: M11 Pimbwe The Pimbwe are an ethnic and linguistic group based in the Rukwa Region Rukwa Region (''Mkoa wa Rukwa'' in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions with a postcode number 55000. The regional capital is the municipality of Sum ...
, M12 Rungwa, M13 Fipa, M14 Rungu, M15 Mambwe language">Mambwe, [M131 Kuulwe language">Kuulwe">Mambwe_l.html" ;"title="Fipa language">Fipa, M14 Rungu language">Rungu, M15 Mambwe language">Mambwe, [M131 Kuulwe language">Kuulwe:M20: M21 Wanda, M22 Mwanga language">Mwanga, M23 Nyiha language">Nyiha The Nyiha are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group based in Mbeya Region, Tanzania and northeastern Zambia. In 1993 the Nyiha population was estimated to number 626,000, of which 306,000 were in Tanzania and 320,000 were in Zambia. The Nyiha are scattere ...
, M24 Malila, M25 Safwa, M26 Iwa, M27 Tambo language">Tambo, [M201 Lambya language">Lambya, M202 Sukwa language">Sukwa">Iwa language">Iwa, M27 Tambo language">Tambo, [M201 Lambya language">Lambya, M202 Sukwa language">Sukwa:M30: M31 Nyakyusa, [M301 Ndali language">Ndali, M302 Penja language">Penja Penja is a town and sub-district in the South-West Region of Cameroon. It is known for its production of Penja white pepper. See also *Communes of Cameroon The Arrondissements of Cameroon are the third-level units of administration in Camer ...
] :M40: M41 Taabwa language, Taabwa, M42 Bemba language, Bemba, [M401 Bwile language, Bwile, M402 Aushi language, Aushi] :M50: M51 Biisa language, Biisa, M52 Lala language (Zambia), Lala, M53 Swaka language, Swaka, M54 Lamba, M55
Seba Seba or SEBA may refer to: Places * Seba, Indonesia, on the Savu Islands * Seven Brothers Islands, also known as the Seba Islands, part of the Republic of Djibouti Institutions * Secondary Education Board of Assam, India * Systematic and Evolution ...
, Ambo, M522 Luano language">Luano, M541 Lima language">Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of t ...
, M542 Temba">Temba language">Temba:M60: M61
Lenje Lenje is a Bantu language The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu people of Central, Southern, Eastern africa and Southeast Africa. They form the largest branch of the South ...
, M62 Soli, M63 Ila, M64
Tonga Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in ...
,
Lukanga Twa The Twa of the Lukanga Swamp of Zambia are one of several fishing and hunter-gatherer caste Caste is a form of social stratification characterised by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupati ...
, M631 Sala, M632 Lundwe language">Lundwe, M633 Kafue Twa language">Kafue Twa The Twa of the Kafue Flats wetlands of Zambia are one of several fishing and hunter-gatherer castes living in a patron-client relationship with farming Bantu peoples across central and southern Africa. In Southern Province, where swampy terr ...
]


Zone N

:N10: N11 Manda language (Bantu), Manda, N12 Ngoni language, Ngoni, N13 Matengo language, Matengo, N14 Mpoto language, Mpoto, N15 Tonga language (Malawi), Tonga, Ndendeule.html" ;"title="101 Ndendeule language, Ndendeule">101 Ndendeule, N102 Nindi, N121 Ngoni of Malawi§:N20: N21 Tumbuka, Mwera of Mbamba Bay:N30: N31a Nyanja Chewa (also known as Nyanja, ) is a Bantu language spoken in much of Southern, Southeast and East Africa, namely the countries of Malawi , where it is an official language, and Mozambique and Zambia. The noun class prefix ''chi-'' is used for ...
, N31b
Cewa, N31c Manganja dialect">Manganja The Mang'anja are a Bantu people of central and southern Africa, particularly around Chikwawa in the Shire River valley of southern Malawi. They speak a dialect of the Nyanja language, and are a branch of the Amaravi people. As of 1996 their popu ...
:N40: N41 Nsenga, N42 Kunda language">Kunda, N43 Nyungwe language">Nyungwe, N44 Sena language">Sena Sena may refer to: Places * Sanandaj or Sena, city in northwestern Iran * Sena (state constituency), represented in the Perlis State Legislative Assembly * Sena, Dashtestan, village in Bushehr Province, Iran * Sena, Huesca, municipality in Huesc ...
, N45[44] Rue language, Rue, N46[44] Podzo language, Podzo, [N441 Sena-Malawi language, Sena-Malawi]


Zone P

:P10: P11 Ndengereko language, Ndengereko, P12 Ruihi language, Ruihi, P13 Matumbi language, Matumbi, P14 Ngindo, P15
Mbunga The Mbunga are an ethnic and linguistic Bantu group from Kilolo District of Iringa Region and Morogoro Region in Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in Ea ...
:P20: P21 Yao, P22 Mwera, P23 Makonde, P24 Ndonde, P25 Mabiha :P30: P31
Makua Makua may refer to: * Makua (person), an alaafin of the Oyo Empire * Makua people, an ethnic group in Mozambique and Tanzania * Makhuwa language, a Bantu language spoken in Mozambique * Makua languages, a branch of Bantu languages * Makua Rothma ...
, P32 Lomwe, P33 Ngulu, P34 Cuabo, Koti, P312 Sakati, P331
Lomwe of Malawi, P341 Moniga language">Moniga">Sakati language">Sakati, P331 Lomwe language (Malawi)">Lomwe of Malawi, P341 Moniga language">Moniga


Zone R

:R10: R11 Umbundu Umbundu, or South Mbundu (autonym umb, úmbúndú), one of many Bantu languages, is the most widely-spoken autochthonous language of Angola. Its speakers are known as ''Ovimbundu'' and are an ethnic group constituting a third of Angola's popula ...
, R12
Ndombe, R13 Nyaneka language">Nyaneka Nyaneka or Haneca is a Bantu language of Angola , national_anthem = "Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year ...
, R14 Khumbi, Kuvale, R102 †Kwisi language">Kwisi, R103 Mbali language">Mbali">101 Kuvale language">Kuvale, R102 †Kwisi language">Kwisi, R103 Mbali language">Mbali:R20: R21
Kwanyama, R22 Ndonga language">Ndonga Ndonga, also called Oshindonga, is a Bantu dialect spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Kwanyama, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form. Wi ...
, R23 Kwambi, R24
Ngandyera, Kafima, R212 Evale language">Evale, R213 Mbandja language">Mbandja Mbandja (Banja, Mbanza) is the largest of the Banda languages Banda is a family of Ubangian languages spoken by the Banda people of Central Africa. Banda languages are distributed in the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Co ...
, R214 Mbalanhu, R215 Ndongwena, R216 Kwankwa, R217 Dombondola, R218 Esinga, R241 Kwaluudhi, R242 Kolonkadhi-Eunda language">Kolonkadhi-Eunda">Kwaluudhi language">Kwaluudhi, R242 Kolonkadhi-Eunda language">Kolonkadhi-Eunda:R30: R31 Herero, [R311 North-West Herero language">North-West Herero, R312 Herero language (Botswana)">Botswana Herero Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label= Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kal ...
] :R40: R41 Yei language (Bantu), Yei


Zone S

:S10: S11 Korekore language, Korekore, S12 Zezuru language, Zezuru, S13a Manyika dialect, Manyika, S13b Tebe dialect, Tebe, S14 Karanga language (Bantu), Karanga, S15 Ndau, S16
Kalanga Kalanga may refer to: * BaKalanga people * Kalanga language Kalanga, or ''TjiKalanga'' (in Zimbabwe), is a Bantu language spoken by the Kalanga people in Botswana and Zimbabwe. It has an extensive phoneme inventory, which includes palatalised ...
:S20: S21
Venda Venda () was a Bantustan in northern South Africa, which is fairly close to the South African border with Zimbabwe to the north, while to the south and east, it shared a long border with another black homeland, Gazankulu. It is now part of the ...
:S30: S31a
Tswana Tswana may refer to: * Tswana people, the Bantu speaking people in Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and other Southern Africa regions * Tswana language, the language spoken by the (Ba)Tswana people * Bophuthatswana, the former ba ...
, S31b Kgatla, S31c Ngwatu, S31d 11 Khalaxadi, S32a Pedi, S32b Lobedu, S33
Sotho Sotho may refer to: *Sotho people (or ''Basotho''), an African ethnic group principally resident in South Africa, Lesotho and southern Botswana * Sotho language (''Sesotho'' or ''Southern Sotho''), a Bantu language spoken in southern Africa, an off ...
,
Phalaborwa Phalaborwa (translated to English as ''better than the south; phala'' means ''better than and borwa'' means ''south'') is a town in the Mopani District Municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa. It is located near the confluence of the Ga-Sela ...
, S302 Kutswe, S303
Pai, S304 Pulana language">Pulana">html" ;"title="Pai_language_(Bantu).html" ;"title="Kutswe language">Kutswe, S303 Pai language (Bantu)">Pai, S304 Pulana:S40: S41 Xhosa language">Xhosa Xhosa may refer to: * Xhosa people, a nation, and ethnic group, who live in south-central and southeasterly region of South Africa * Xhosa language, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa, principally spoken by the Xhosa people See als ...
, S42 Zulu, S43 Swati, S44 (Northern) Ndebele, Old Mfengu, S402 Bhaca language">Bhaca, S403 Hlubi language">Hlubi, S404 Phuthi language">Phuthi Phuthi (''Síphùthì'') is a Nguni Bantu language spoken in southern Lesotho and areas in South Africa adjacent to the same border. The closest substantial living relative of Phuthi is Swati (or ''Siswati''), spoken in Eswatini and the Mpumal ...
, S405
Nhlangwini, S406 †Lala language (South Africa)">Lala Lala may refer to: Geography * Lala language (disambiguation) Places * Lala (Naples Metro), an underground metro station in Naples, Italy * Lala, Assam, a town in Assam, India * Lala, Ilam, a village in Ilam Province, Iran * Lala, Lanao del N ...
, S407 South Ndebele, S408 Sumayela Ndebele">Sumayela_Ndebele_language.html" ;"title="South Ndebele language">South Ndebele, S408 Sumayela Ndebele language">Sumayela Ndebele:S50: S51 Tswa, S52[53">Tswa language">Tswa, S52[53Gwamba language">Gwamba Duncan Zgambo (born November 4, 1990), professionally known as Gwamba, is a Malawi-born Rapper and Philanthropist. Early life Gwamba is the youngest of four siblings. He spent most of his childhood in area 18, Lilongwe. In 2005 he and 3 friend ...
, S53 Tsonga language">Tsonga Tsonga may refer to: * Tsonga language, a Bantu language spoken in southern Africa * Tsonga people, a large group of people living mainly in southern Mozambique and South Africa. * Jo-Wilfried Tsonga Jo-Wilfried Tsonga (; born 17 April 1985) i ...
, S54 Ronga language, Ronga, [S511 Hlengwe language, Hlengwe] :S60: S61 Copi language, Copi, S62 Tonga language (Mozambique), Tonga, [S611 Lenge language, Lenge] §: ''These languages do not have separate articles, though they might warrant them.''


2009 appendix

Besides the languages added within the existing framework above, Maho appends several creoles, pidgins, and mixed languages: *Duala-based: A20A Duala language, Jo *Beti-based: A70A Ewondo Populaire *Bangi-based: C30A Bangala language, Bangala, C30B
Lingala Lingala (Ngala) (Lingala: ''Lingála'') is a Bantu language spoken in the northwest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the northern half of the Republic of the Congo, in their capitals, Kinshasa and Brazzaville, and to a lesser degree ...
*Shabunda-based: D20A Gengele creole, Gengele *Amba-based: D20B †Amba language (Bantu), Vamba *Pare-based: G20A Mbugu language, Ma’a (mixed register) *Swahili-based: G40A Cutchi-Swahili, Asian Swahili, G40B Cutchi-Swahili, G40C Settler Swahili, Kisetla, G40D Engsh, G40E Sheng slang, Sheng, G40F Swahili language, Shaba Swahili, G40G Swahili language, Ngwana (Congo Swahili), G40H KiKAR *Kongo-based: H10A Kituba language, Kituba, H10B Kituba language, Munukutuba, H10C Habla Congo (in Cuba) *Nkore-Kiga-based: JE10A Runyakitara language, Runyakitara (artificial) *Luba-based: L30A Luba-Kasai language#Geographic distribution and dialects, Pidgin Chiluba *Bemba-based: M40A Town Bemba *Kunda-based: N40A †Kunda language, Pidgin Chikunda *Sotho-based: S30A Pretoria Sotho *Zulu-based: S40A Fanagalo, S40B Tsotsitaal and Camtho, Iscamtho§, S40C †Tsotsitaal and Camtho, Shalambombo§ *Tsonga-based: S50A Tsonga language, Pretoria-Tsonga§ §: ''These languages did not have separate articles at the last review by a Wikipedia editor.''


See also

*List of Bantu languages


References


External links


Guthrie's 1948 classification
in detail, with each language numbered
Maho 2009
Guthrie 1971, in detail, with subsequent additions, corrections, and corresponding ISO codes as of ''Ethnologue'' 15. Coding conventions are explained in Nurse & Philippson (2003). They are (with invented examples): *:A capital letter is added for an additional dialect of an existing language. That is, A15C would be a dialect of language A15 in addition to Guthrie's dialects A15a and A15b. *:A third digit is added for an additional language. If its closest relative can be identified, the digit is added to that code. That is, A151 would be a non-Guthrie language closest to Guthrie's A15. *:If a close relative has not been identified, the digit is added to the decade code. That is, A101 would be a language geographically in group A10, but not particularly close to any of Guthrie's A10 languages, or not known well enough to further classify. *:Pidgins and creoles are indicated by adding a capital letter to the decade code. That is, A10A would be a pidgin or creole based on a language in group A10. {{DEFAULTSORT:Guthrie Classification Of Bantu Languages Bantu languages, Classification of African languages