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Guling (, sometimes pronounced /yulling/; plural: ) is a Swedish more or less
{{cite web , url=https://cwp.missouri.edu/2012/wwii-propaganda-the-influence-of-racism/ , title=WWII Propaganda: The Influence of Racism , access-date=2024-10-07 , website=cwp.missouri.edu
Anti–East Asian slurs
Swedish words and phrases
Guling (, sometimes pronounced /yulling/; plural: ) is a Swedish more or less derogatory
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility ...
term for indigenous East Asians
East Asian people (also East Asians) are the people from East Asia, which consists of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. The total population of all countries within this region is estimated to be 1.677 billion and 21% ...
and Southeast Asians
The ethnic groups in Southeast Asia comprise many different ethnolinguistic stocks. Besides indigenous Southeast Asians, many East Asians and South Asians call Southeast Asia their home. The total Southeast Asian population stands at 655 million ...
.
The concept has its roots in older racial biology, where Asians were given the skin color yellow, also called the ''yellow race
Mongoloid () is an obsolete racial grouping of various peoples indigenous to large parts of Asia, the Americas, and some regions in Europe and Oceania. The term is derived from a now-disproven theory of biological race. In the past, other terms ...
'' (compare the red race for Indians). The association was spread, among other things, by the notion that Asians threatened to outcompete the Western world, something called the "Yellow Peril
The Yellow Peril (also the Yellow Terror, the Yellow Menace, and the Yellow Specter) is a Racism, racist color terminology for race, color metaphor that depicts the peoples of East Asia, East and Southeast Asia as an existential danger to the ...
". A comparison was made with the coolie
Coolie (also spelled koelie, kouli, khuli, khulie, kuli, cooli, cooly, or quli) is a pejorative term used for low-wage labourers, typically those of Indian people, Indian or Chinese descent.
The word ''coolie'' was first used in the 16th cent ...
s, who were considered industrious, disciplined, and well-organized, and who could displace white workers.
Racist caricature
A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, ...
s of "gulingar" are usually given yellow skin, slanted eyes, buck teeth, and an Asian conical hat
The Asian conical hat is a simple style of conically shaped sun hat notable in modern-day nations and regions of China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and ...
, sometimes even a "Chinese mustache" (Fu Manchu moustache
A Fu Manchu moustache or simply Fu Manchu, is a full, straight moustache extending from under the nose past the corners of the mouth and growing downward past the clean-shaven lips and chin in two tapered "tendrils", often extending past the jawl ...
). Buck teeth as a caricature element dates back to at least World War II and were used in American propaganda to make Japanese people look stupid in order to undermine the intelligence of the "Japanese race".
See also
* Ang mo *Chinaman
''Chinaman'' () is an offensive term referring to a Chinese man or person, or widely a person native to geographical East Asia or of perceived East Asian ethnicity. The term is noted as having pejorative overtones by modern dictionaries. Its ...
* Ching chong
* Chink
''Chink'' is an English-language List of ethnic slurs, ethnic slur usually referring to a person of Chinese people, Chinese descent, but also used to insult people with East Asian features. The use of the term describing eyes with epicanthic ...
* Coolie
Coolie (also spelled koelie, kouli, khuli, khulie, kuli, cooli, cooly, or quli) is a pejorative term used for low-wage labourers, typically those of Indian people, Indian or Chinese descent.
The word ''coolie'' was first used in the 16th cent ...
* Gook
Gook ( or ) is a derogatory term for people of East and Southeast Asian descent. Its origin is unclear, but it may have originated among U.S. Marines during the Philippine–American War (1899–1913). Historically, U.S. military personnel used t ...
* Gweilo
''Gweilo'' or (, pronounced ) is a common Cantonese slang term for Westerners. The term can be literally translated as "ghost man" and has a history of racially deprecatory and pejorative use, though its modern usage is often in a general and ...
* Jap
''Jap'' is an English abbreviation of the word " Japanese". In the United States, some Japanese Americans have come to find the term offensive because of the internment they suffered during World War II. Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, ''Jap ...
* Moke (slang)
Moke is a term used in the British Isles
The British Isles are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Ma ...
* Shina (word)
''Shina'' is a largely archaic name for China. Its use in Japanese originally had a neutral connotation, but the word came to be perceived as derogatory by Chinese people during the course of the First and Second Sino-Japanese Wars. As a res ...
References