Gryllidae

The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (''e.g.'' ImmsImms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) ''A General Textbook of Entomology'' 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.): taxa such as the tree crickets, spider-crickets and their allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been moved or elevated to family level. The type genus is '' Gryllus'' and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Francis Walker.

They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica). The most familiar field crickets ( Gryllinae) are characteristically robust brown or black insects; the largest members of the family are the -long bull crickets ('' Brachytrupes'') which excavate burrows a metre or more deep.

Subfamilies

The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):
* Subfamily group Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets
** Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 (now includes Sclerogryllini Gorochov, 1985)
** Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986 monotypic: '' Gryllomimus'' Chopard, 1936 (Africa)
** Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877
** † Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985
***†'' Araripegryllus'' Martins-Neto 1987 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ? Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
***†'' Brontogryllus'' Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
***†'' Gryllospeculum'' Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
***†'' Mongolospeculum'' Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
***†'' Proararipegryllus'' Gorochov & Coram, 2022
** Gryllinae ''incertae sedis''
# '' Capillogryllus''
# †'' Cratogryllus'' Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
# '' Neogryllodes''
# '' Rhabdotogryllus''
# †'' Sharovella''
# '' Spinogryllus''
# †'' Trichogryllus''
** Itarinae Shiraki, 1930
** Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982
* Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
* Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
** genus †'' Achetomorpha'' Gorochov, 2019 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
** genus †'' Eneopterotrypus'' – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
** genus †'' Fanzus'' – monotypic Zessin, 2019 Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
** genus †'' Gryllidium'' Westwood, 1854
** genus †'' Lithogryllites'' Cockerell, 1908 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
** genus '' Menonia'' – monotypic ''M. cochinensis'' George, 1936 (tentative placementOrthoptera Species File: genus ''Menonia'' George, 1936
/ref>)
** genus †'' Nanaripegryllus'' – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
** genus †'' Pherodactylus'' – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
** genus †'' Proeneopterotrypus'' Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †''P. danicus'' (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian

See also

* List of Orthopteroid genera containing species recorded in Europe

References

External links

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{{Authority control

Orthoptera families
Ensifera
Taxa named by Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting
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