Glucose 1-phosphate (also called Cori ester) is a
glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula , which is often abbreviated as Glc. It is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. It is mainly made by plants and most algae d ...
molecule with a
phosphate
Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus.
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthop ...
group on the 1'-carbon. It can exist in either the α- or β-
anomeric form.
Reactions of α-glucose 1-phosphate
Catabolic
In
glycogenolysis, it is the direct product of the reaction in which
glycogen phosphorylase cleaves off a
molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by Force, attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemi ...
of
glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula , which is often abbreviated as Glc. It is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. It is mainly made by plants and most algae d ...
from a greater
glycogen structure. A deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase is known as
glycogen storage disease type V (McArdle Disease).
To be utilized in cellular catabolism it must first be converted to
glucose 6-phosphate by the
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
phosphoglucomutase in a free equilibrium. One reason that cells form glucose 1-phosphate instead of glucose during glycogen breakdown is that the very polar phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell membrane and so is marked for intracellular catabolism.
Phosphoglucomutase-1 deficiency is known as
glycogen storage disease
A glycogen storage disease (GSD, also glycogenosis and dextrinosis) is a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme or transport protein affecting glycogen synthesis, glycogen breakdown, or glycolysis, glucose breakdown, typically in m ...
type 14 (GSD XIV).
Orphanet: Glycogen storage disease due to phosphoglucomutase deficiency
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Anabolic
In glycogenesis, free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with UTP to form UDP-glucose,
β-Glucose 1-phosphate
β-Glucose 1-phosphate is found in some microbes. It is produced by inverting α-glucan phosphorylases including maltose phosphorylase, kojibiose phosphorylase and trehalose phosphorylase and is then converted into glucose 6-phosphate by β-phosphoglucomutase.
See also
* Pentose phosphate pathway
* Gerty Cori
References
{{Fructose and galactose metabolic intermediates
Organophosphates
Monosaccharide derivatives
Phosphate esters