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The Georgian Coast Guard ( ka, საქართველოს სანაპირო დაცვა) is the maritime arm of the Georgian Border Police, within the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia. It is responsible for the maritime protection of the entire
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
coastline of Georgia, as well as the Georgian
territorial waters Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf ( ...
. The northern half of this coastaline is since the 2008 South Ossetia war under the control of
Abkhazia Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a List of states with limited recognition, partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia. It cover ...
, though. The primary missions of the service are administration of the territorial waters, marine pollution protection, maritime law enforcement, search and rescue, port security and maritime defence. The former Georgian Navy (Georgian Naval Forces; ka, საქართველოს სამხედრო საზღვაო ძალები, ) was a branch of the Georgian Defense Ministry armed forces until 2009, when it was merged with the Coast Guard and transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Before the 2008 war, the Georgian Navy consisted of 19 vessels and 531 personnel of which 181 were officers, 200 NCOs, 114 conscripts and 36 civilians. The headquarters and a principal Coast Guard base are located at the Black Sea port of
Poti Poti ( ka, ფოთი ; Mingrelian language, Mingrelian: ფუთი; Laz language, Laz: ჶაში/Faşi or ფაში/Paşi) is a port city in Georgia (country), Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the mkhare, region of ...
. A second smaller base is in
Batumi Batumi (; ka, ბათუმი ), historically Batum or Batoum, is the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), second-largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia and the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, located on the coast ...
, Adjaria. Besides the Poti-based force, the Coast Guard also includes a special counter-terrorist Detachment. Maritime surveillance radar stations are maintained at Anaklia, Poti, Supsa, Chakvi, and Gonio, providing coverage of all territorial seas. As of 2021, the commander of the Georgian Coast Guard is Captain Ramaz Papidze.


History

Despite Georgia's location at the Black Sea coast and historical association with maritime commerce, it has never actually possessed any sizable fleet. The first attempt to build a modern navy dates to the country's short-lived independence as the
Democratic Republic of Georgia The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; ka, საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა, tr) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia (country), Georgia, which exist ...
from 1918 to 1921. The Georgian Navy at that time consisted of a flagship, several sailing-boats, and a few tugs commandeered from Russian owners during the
Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...
. The 1921 Red Army invasion brought the nation-building to an end and Georgia became part of the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
. By 1990, Georgia's coastal waters had been controlled by the Poti-based 184th Coast Guard Brigade of the Soviet
Black Sea Fleet The Black Sea Fleet () is the Naval fleet, fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Mediterranean Sea. The Black Sea Fleet, along with other Russian ground and air forces on the Crimea, Crimean Peninsula, are subordin ...
. Smaller bases were located at Ochamchire, Batumi, Anaklia, and
Sukhumi Sukhumi or Sokhumi is a city in a wide bay on the Black Sea's eastern coast. It is both the Capital city, capital and largest city of Abkhazia, a partially recognised state that most countries consider a part of Georgia (country), Georgia. The ...
. After the
dissolution of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Declaration No. 142-Н of ...
, the Poti brigade was completely withdrawn from Georgia in 1992, having left behind only six vessels. However, the Russian border guards continued to patrol Georgia's coastline until 1998.


Georgian Navy

In February 1990, the Cabinet of Ministers of Georgia decreed an ad hoc commission for the army-building problems. One of its groups, led by Captain Alexander Javakhishvili, the former commander of a Soviet nuclear submarine, was responsible for building up a navy. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Georgia, not a CIS member at that time, was not included in the initial Russian-Ukrainian Black Sea Fleet partition negotiations in January 1992. Thus, when the separatist war in Abkhazia broke out in 1992, Georgia was without an effective naval force and defense system. The only two significant naval operations during the war included the August 1992 evacuation of 173 women and children from Bichvinta ( Pitsunda) and the April 1993 destruction of a pro-Abkhaz Chechen warlord Shamil Basayev's camp at Gudauta. July 7, 1993, the day when the Georgian minesweeper ''Gantiadi'' under Shukri Kopaliani, patrolling off Tamysh, won a victory over several Abkhaz boats was celebrated as the Day of the Georgian Navy. The navy-building began with equipping fishing vessels by small caliber anti-aircraft guns and machine guns. In 1996, Georgia resumed its demands on its portion of the ex-Soviet Black Sea Fleet, and the Russian refusal to allot Georgia a portion of the ex-Soviet Navy became another bone of contention in the progressively deteriorating Georgian-Russian relations. This time,
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
endorsed
Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი, ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), ( ka, ტფილისი, tr ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia ( ...
’s claims, turning over several patrol boats to the Georgian Navy and starting to train Georgian crews, but was unable to include in the final fleet deal a transfer of the formerly Poti-based vessels to Georgia. Later, the rest of the Georgian share was decided to be ceded to Russia in return for diminution of debt. Georgia is one of the founding members and a participant of the Black Sea Force (BLACKSEAFOR). Later in the 1990s, Georgia, with the help of
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
member states, chiefly Turkey and Greece, managed to build up a small naval force. Yet throughout its existence the Georgian Navy remained, in many ways, the most inferior component of the armed forces without any clear operational doctrine and lacking resources necessary to maintain seaworthy ships or conduct training missions. Following Georgia's 2008 conflict with Russia, in which Georgia had most of its naval forces destroyed, it was decided to merge the Georgian Navy with the Georgian Coast Guard the following year.


Georgian Coast Guard

In contrast, the Georgian Coast Guard, which is part of the Border Police and subordinate to the Interior Ministry, has developed rapidly into one of the most effective forces in Georgia today. The formation of the Coast Guard started in 1998, when the first naval division was established within the State Border Defense State Department of Georgia (directly under the Office of the President). At the same time, the first and the second naval divisions were founded in Poti and Batumi. The command structure made these units a military element of the Border Guard, adjunct but without clear maritime experience. On July 16, 1998, the 1st Naval Division of the State Border Defense State Department of Georgia started patrolling of the maritime state border of Georgia. The vessels had been donated by Ukraine and Turkey, in varying states of seaworthiness. Georgian Coast Guard Day is celebrated on July 16 of each year. Immediate support for development of the Coast Guard came by way of the United States Georgia Border Security and Law Enforcement (GBSLE) Program, managed by the U.S. Customs Service with involvement of the U.S. Coast Guard. Georgian maritime personnel had begun to attend technical and officer training schools in the U.S. in 1997, an initiative that then expanded. The first infrastructure assistance project to be completed was the surveillance radar station at the terminus of the Supsa oil pipeline in 1999. The United States Coast Guard deployed a Long Term Training Team to Georgia in 1998, based in Poti. Over the next five years the team offered training, mentoring and maintenance for the Georgian Coast Guard personnel and infrastructure. Two 40-foot SeaArks and two USCG s were transferred to Georgia. Arriving in 2000 and 2002, the ex- and ex- became the workhorses of the fleet. Renamed ''Tsotne Dadiani'' (P210) and ''General Mazniashvili'' (P211), the cutters created a technical bridge that served well until Georgia began to develop and acquire new vessels in 2007 and 2008. A second coastal radar was brought online in Poti in 2002. Overlapping Supsa coverage to the south, Georgia now could monitor territorial waters from Abkhazia region to Adjaria region. Internally, the naval division remained ill funded, ill-defined and challenged by its organizational role as simply another Border Guard element. Due to the importance of the obligations to control the maritime border, and with increasing capabilities, a reform process was begun in 2002 to create equality and organizational efficiency for the Coast Guard. Admiring the model of the United States, and supported by the GBSLE Maritime Advisor and Georgian colleagues, Georgian Captain Third Class Ramazi Papidze crafted a functional Coast Guard for Georgia. Implementing a plan based on the threats, missions, tactics and current/planned resources, Papidze developed a structure that was equal within the department to the Border Guard, and that divided responsibilities inside the Coast Guard between operational forces led by an Operations Directorate and Resources Management led by an Administration Directorate. The service would have a majority independent budget and autonomous responsibility for the conduct of its missions. Innovative and forward looking, the proposal included necessities of Georgian legislation, culture and tradition. Clearly a Georgian organizational model, in April 2003 the Main Office of the Coast Guard was established within the State Border Defense State Department of Georgia. This was the most major reform of a military element in Georgia to date, and set the Coast Guard on a path of professionalization and operational success. Shortly after the announcement Major General Davit Gulua was named as the first Head of the Coast Guard, while continuing his duties as deputy chairman of the department. In 2005, the State Border Defense Department of Georgia became a subordinate agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia with the significant increase of the status and functions of the Coast Guard. In December 2006, the MIA State Border Defense Department was transformed into a law-enforcement agency – the Border Police of Georgia. Relevant changes were made in the Coast Guard as well; it now had the status of a department. The Head of the department became at the same time the Deputy Head of the Border Police of Georgia.


Georgian Coast Guard vessels

The Georgian Coast Guard and Georgian Navy fleet consisted of:


Poti

* ''Aeti'' (აეტი), formerly the German minesweeper ''Minden'' (M-1085). Was in maintenance status when war with
Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
began in August 2008. Vessel was scuttled by Russian Federation forces at the dock in Poti. Subsequently, refloated in September 2008. Returned to active duty as an at-the-dock training platform. * ''Giorgi Toreli'' was a Soviet Turya class torpedo boat (Project 206M) that had been modified in private service in Ukraine during the 1990s before being given to Georgia, in 1999. * ''Tsotne Dadiani'' (ex-). Sortied from Poti prior to arrival of Russian forces in August 2008. Returned to homeport from Batumi in September 2008. * ''P 205'' (First hull converted from older Soviet Project 1400 Grif-class into new Orbi-class). Was in maintenance status when war with Russian Federation began August 2008. Vessel was scuttled by Russian forces at the dock in Poti. Subsequently, refloated September 2008. * ''P 203'' and ''P 204'' (02 Older Soviet Project 1400 Grif-class). ''P 204'' sortied from Poti prior to arrival of Russian forces in August 2008. Returned to homeport from Batumi in September 2008. ''P 203'' was scuttled by Russian forces at the dock in Poti in August 2008. Subsequently, lifted. Not returned to service. * ''P 201'' 40-foot SeaArk. Sortied from Poti prior to arrival of Russian forces in August 2008. Returned to homeport from Batumi in September 2008.


Batumi

* ''General Mazniashvili'' (P211) (ex-) * ''P 101'' 40-foot SeaArk * ''P 103'' and ''P 104'' (02 Older Soviet Project 1400 Grif-class)


Former Georgian Navy vessels

The Georgian Navy consisted of 19 ships and boats. Until 19 August 2008, when it was destroyed by Russian forces, the most powerful combat unit was the missile boat ''Dioskuria''. The other surface combat vessel, the missile boat ''Tbilisi'', was found on fire in the Georgian naval base of Poti. The Navy suffered extensive losses in the Russo-Georgian War. At sea on 9 August 2008 one Georgian warship was reported to have been hit by gunfire and sunk by units of the Russian Black Sea Fleet off the
Abkhazia Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a List of states with limited recognition, partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia. It cover ...
n coast when allegedly entered a Russia imposed "security zone" along with three other vessels. Other units were set on fire or sunk by Russian forces at Poti naval pier on 13 August. * ''Dioskuria'' (დიოსკურია) was a French-built Tiger-class fast attack craft (1972), obtained in 2004 from
Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...
, formerly the PG '' Ypoploiarchos Batsis'' (P 17) (originally HS ''Kalypso'' P54) built by Constructions Mécaniques de Normandie in
Cherbourg Cherbourg is a former Communes of France, commune and Subprefectures in France, subprefecture located at the northern end of the Cotentin peninsula in the northwestern French departments of France, department of Manche. It was merged into the com ...
(1972-2004). Built to be equipped with the four MM38 Exocet missile system, two Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannons and two torpedo-launchers, she was the most powerful combat craft in the Georgian Navy. She too was severely damaged in the 2008 South Ossetia war and sunk in Poti. * ''Tbilisi'' (თბილისი) was a Soviet project 206MR missile boat, obtained in 1999 from
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
. It was built to be equipped with two Termit missile launchers, a 76 mm AK-176 dual purpose gun and a six-barreled 30 mm AK-630M
Gatling gun The Gatling gun is a rapid-firing multiple-barrel firearm invented in 1861 by Richard Jordan Gatling of North Carolina. It is an early machine gun and a forerunner of the modern electric motor-driven rotary cannon. The Gatling gun's operatio ...
. The ship was discovered on fire in the Georgian naval base of Poti on August 13, 2008. Even prior to the 2008 conflict Georgia had no missiles for the two vessels (''Dioskura'' and ''Tbilisi'') that had missile tubes. As of the beginning of 2009, both ''Tbilisi'' and ''Dioskuria'' remained submerged in the port of Poti. They are likely total losses. Overall, it appears that Georgian naval losses during the 2008 war with Russia totalled ''Tbilisi'', ''Dioskuria'', and ''Tskaltubo'', which were sunk in Poti. Coast Guard losses totalled the cutter ''Giorgi Toreli'', which was allegedly sunk in the battle off the coast of Abkhazia, as well as ''P 203''. However, ''Giorgi Toreli'' was still in service by 2014. Georgia's Coast Guard and Navy also had a number of small, rigid-hulled inflatable boats which were hauled off by Russian forces as war trophies. These hulls had served Coast Guard law enforcement missions and the Georgian Special Forces. The loss of assets was likely one of the reasons the Navy was disbanded, and merged, into the Georgian Coast Guard.


Coast Guard vessels

Following the 2008 conflict with Russia, it appears that Georgia was able to recapitalize at least a portion of its fleet. The Coast Guard cutter ''Ayety'' (former German minesweeper ''Minden'') and naval ship ''Tskaltubo'', which had been scuttled in the port of Poti, were both raised. Judging by recent photographs, it appears that ''Ayety'' has been returned to active service as a training platform at the base in Poti. ''Tskaltubo'', however, suffered much more extensive damage than ''Ayety'', and her return to active service remains questionable. She is currently in dry dock. The Coast Guard vessels which had sortied to Batumi in August 2008 were able to return and take up duties soon after Russian forces left Poti. These vessels remain in service in 2010. Additionally the Coast Guard vessels homeported in Batumi in 2008 remain active. As a new acquisition, and contracted prior to August 2008, the Georgian Coast Guard has placed one Turkish built MRTP-33 patrol/fast attack boat, P-24 ''Sokhumi'', into service. At least one more ship of this class is reportedly on order. These vessels are multi-mission capable so as to serve the diverse needs of the Coast Guard. The heaviest armament seen on these ships are 25-30mm cannon. Georgia's Coast Guard also still has at least five of the smaller patrol boats armed with ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft guns that survived the conflict with Russia. From 2016 to 2018 the United States gifted four of its Island-class patrol boats to Georgia.


Coast Guard absorbs Navy in 2009

In 2009 Georgia's remaining few operational naval units were consolidated with those of the Coast Guard of Georgia and placed under the Ministry for Internal Affairs of Georgia.


Alleged blockade of Abkhazia

During August 2009, the Georgian Coast Guard seized three commercial shipping vessels that were attempting to sail into Abkhazian waters. Abkhazian authorities have accused Georgia of maintaining a blockade of the break-away province in order to weaken and isolate it.


Current Coast Guard weaponry and equipment


Ships and vessels


Weapons


Notes


References


Further reading


Army & Society in Georgia (1998)
''Slavic & East European Collections at
UC Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California), is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California, United States. Founded in 1868 and named after the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkele ...
''. Accessed on August 13, 1992.


External links


Coast Guard Department - MIA Border Police of Georgia




{{DEFAULTSORT:Coast Guard Of Georgia Military of Georgia (country) Military units and formations established in 1993
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...