Genitoplasty is plastic surgery to the genitals. Genitoplasties may be reconstructive to repair injuries, and damage arising from cancer treatment, or congenital disorders, endocrine conditions, or they may be cosmetic. __TOC__

Medical uses

Genitoplasty surgery includes the following: * Vaginoplasty * Correction of congenital conditions **

congenital adrenal hyperplasia Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of Genetic disorder#Autosomal recessive, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the Biosy ...

** microphallus repair **

hypospadias Hypospadias is a common malformation in fetal development of the penis in which the urethra does not open from its usual location on the head of the penis. It is the second-most common birth defect of the male reproductive system, affecting about ...

repair ** pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias repair **

androgen insensitivity syndrome Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a condition involving the inability to respond to androgens, typically due to androgen receptor dysfunction. It affects 1 in 20,000 to 64,000 XY (karyotype, karyotypically male) births. The condition result ...

repair ** repair of a urethra that is short * labiaplasty * vaginal construction * vaginal

reconstruction Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology *Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *''Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Union ...

* repair of vaginal vault

prolapse In medicine, prolapse is a condition in which organ (anatomy), organs fall down or slip out of place. It is used for organs protruding through the vagina, rectum, or for the misalignment of the valves of the heart. A spinal disc herniation is al ...

* vaginal suspension and fixation * operations on

cul-de-sac A dead end, also known as a ''cul-de-sac'' (; , ), a no-through road or a no-exit road, is a street with only one combined inlet and outlet. Dead ends are added to roads in urban planning designs to limit traffic in residential areas. Some d ...

* repair of cystocele * repair of rectocele * genital prolapse * retropubic paravaginal repair * hymenorrhaphy The grafts used in genitalplasty can be an allogenic, an autograft, a xenograft, or an autologous material. Genital reconstruction surgery can correct

of the

urinary bladder The bladder () is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the Kidney (vertebrates), kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the ...

into the vagina and protrusion of the rectum into the vagina. Female infants born with a 46,XX genotype but have genitalia affected by

may undergo the surgical creation of a vagina. Vaginoplasty is commonly used to treat women with the congenital absence of the vagina. Other reasons for the surgery are to treat adrenal hyperplasia, microphallus, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kustner disorder and for women who have had a vaginectomy after malignancy or trauma. Reconstructive and corrective vaginal surgery restores or creates the vagina. Surgeries to modify the cosmetic appearance of infants' and children's genitals are controversial due to their human rights implications. There is no clinical consensus about necessity, timing, indications or evaluation.

References

{{Authority control Gynecological surgery Surgical oncology Surgical removal procedures Gynaecology Reproductive system Female genital modification Plastic surgery Vagina Surgical procedures and techniques Congenital disorders

Medical uses

See also

References