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Intersex Human Rights
Intersex people are born with sex characteristics, such as chromosomes, gonads, or genitals, that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies." Intersex persons often face stigmatisation and discrimination from birth, particularly when an intersex variation is visible. In some countries this may include infanticide, abandonment and the stigmatization of families. Mothers in East Africa may be accused of witchcraft, and the birth of an intersex child may be described as a curse. Intersex infants and children, such as those with ambiguous outer genitalia, may be surgically and/or hormonally altered to fit perceived more socially acceptable sex characteristics. However, this is considered controversial, with no firm evidence of good outcomes. While infertility among intersex people is associated with specific conditions, these surgical interventions are also associated with infertility in inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third International Intersex Forum
Third or 3rd may refer to: Numbers * 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3 * , a fraction of one third * 1⁄60 of a ''second'', i.e., the third in a series of fractional parts in a sexagesimal number system Places * 3rd Street (other) * Third Avenue (other) * Highway 3 Music Music theory * Interval number of three in a musical interval **Major third, a third spanning four semitones **Minor third, a third encompassing three half steps, or semitones ** Neutral third, wider than a minor third but narrower than a major third ** Augmented third, an interval of five semitones ** Diminished third, produced by narrowing a minor third by a chromatic semitone * Third (chord), chord member a third above the root * Degree (music), three away from tonic ** Mediant, third degree of the diatonic scale **Submediant, sixth degree of the diatonic scale – three steps below the tonic ** Chromatic mediant, chromatic relationship by thirds *Ladder of thirds, simila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intersex Rights In Australia
Intersex rights in Australia are protections and rights afforded to Intersex, intersex people through statutes, regulations, and international human rights treaties, including through the ''Sex Discrimination Act 1984'' (Cth) which makes it unlawful to discriminate against a person based upon that person's intersex status in contexts such as work, education, provision of services, and accommodation. Discrimination on the ground of intersex status. Australia was the first country to conduct a parliamentary inquiry into involuntary or coerced medical interventions on intersex people. A 2016 Family Court of Australia, Family Court case authorising a gonadectomy and consequential surgery on a young child has attracted public commentary for disclosing those medical interventions, their rationales, and a prior clitorectomy and labiaplasty. In March 2017, Australian and Intersex rights in New Zealand, New Zealand community organizations issued a joint call for legal reform, including t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinkwashing (LGBT)
Pinkwashing, also known as rainbow-washing, is the strategy of deploying messages that are superficially sympathetic towards the LGBTQ community for ends having little or nothing to do with LGBTQ equality or inclusion, including LGBTQ marketing. Origin of the term In April 2010, Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism (QUIT) in the Bay Area, used the phrase ''pinkwashing'' as a twist on ''greenwashing'', a practice where companies claim to be eco-friendly in order to make profit. Dunya Alwan was at a talk with Ali Abunimah, editor of Electronic Intifada in 2010, when he said "We won't put up with Israel whitewashing or greenwashing" and she thought "or pinkwashing!" In 2011, Sarah Schulman used the term ''pinkwashing'' in a widely read ''The New York Times'' editorial arguing that Israel used the tactic in its public relations. Schulman saw pinkwashing as a manifestation of homonationalism, the processes by which some powers selectively agree with the claims of sexual minor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-determination
Self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity, and internal self-determination is the right to representative government with full suffrage. Self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law, binding, as such, on the United Nations as an authoritative interpretation of the Charter of the United Nations, Charter's norms. The principle does not state how the decision is to be made, nor what the outcome should be (whether independence, federation, protectorate, protection, some form of autonomy or full Cultural assimilation, assimilation), and the right of self-determination does not necessarily include a right to an independent state for every ethnic group within a former colonial territory. Further, no right to secession is recognized under international law. The concept emerged with the rise of nationalism in the 19th century and came into prominent use in the 1860s, spreading rapidly thereafter. During and after World War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OII Europe
OII Europe (Organisation Intersex International Europe) is the umbrella organisation of European human rights-based intersex organisations. It is a non-governmental organization (NGO) which is working for the protection and full implementation of intersex people's human rights in Europe. History OII Europe was founded on Human Rights Day (10 December) during the Second Intersex Forum in Stockholm in 2012 as a network of national intersex NGOs and intersex activists. The network started immediately to provide trainings and information for policy-makers, NGOs and the general public and to offer expertise on intersex human rights violations to EU and UN institutions and about the living situation of intersex people and the human rights violations they face. Three years later, in 2015, OII Europe was registered as a non-profit NGO based in Germany. The same year, the organisation, together with other intersex organisations all over the world was given its first funding through the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dan Christian Ghattas
Dan Christian Ghattas is an intersex activist, university lecturer and author who co-founded OII Europe in 2012 and is now executive director. In 2013, he authored Human Rights between the Sexes, a first comparative international analysis of the human rights situation of intersex people. Career In 2018, Ghattas was appointed as the first executive director of OII Europe. He is formerly a university lecturer and cultural scientist. He has a PhD in medieval culture. Activism Ghattas started working on intersex human rights in 2009. Alongside Miriam van der Have, he became a co-chair of OII Europe, and later executive director, speaking at events across Europe including the launch of a Council of Europe issue paper on "Human rights and intersex people" in Montenegro. He has provided expertise to a range of institutions, including the Maltese government, the Parliament of the European Union, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Committee on the Rights ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Between The Sexes
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are great apes characterized by their hairlessness, bipedalism, and high intelligence. Humans have large brains, enabling more advanced cognitive skills that facilitate successful adaptation to varied environments, development of sophisticated tools, and formation of complex social structures and civilizations. Humans are highly social, with individual humans tending to belong to a multi-layered network of distinct social groups — from families and peer groups to corporations and political states. As such, social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, languages, and traditions (collectively termed institutions), each of which bolsters human society. Humans are also highly curious: the desire to understand and influence phenomena has motivated humanity's development of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ILGA Conference 2018 Intersex Awareness Day Group Photo
The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA, Spanish: ''Asociación internacional de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, trans e intersexuales'') is a LGBTQ+ rights organization. It participates in a multitude of agendas within the United Nations, such as creating visibility for LGBTQ+ issues by conducting advocacy and outreach at the Human Rights Council, working with members to help their government improve LGBTI rights, ensuring LGBTI members are not forgotten in international law, and advocating for LBTI women's issues at the Commission on the Status of Women. History The International Lesbian and Gay Association was founded in 1978 by activists from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, the United States, and elsewhere. Finding it difficult to repeal the criminalization of homosexuality based on the common law tradition, the activists adopted a human rights based framing and focused on international courts, especially the European Court of Hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intersex Rights In Malta
Intersex rights in Malta since 2015 are among the most progressive in the world. Intersex children in Malta have world-first protections from non-consensual cosmetic medical interventions, following the passing into law of the ''Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act'' in 2015. All Maltese intersex persons have protection from discrimination. Individuals who seek it can access simple administrative methods of changing sex assignment, with binary and non-binary forms of identification available. History Medieval A 12th-century canon law collection known as the states that "Whether an hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails" (''Hermafroditus an ad testamentum adhiberi possit, qualitas sexus incalescentis ostendit''). Early modern period In a court case heard at the Castellania (Valletta), Castellania in 1774 during the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Order of St John in Malta, 17-year-old Rosa Mifsud from Luqa, later descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; , CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. Founded in 1949, it is Europe's oldest intergovernmental organisation, representing 46 member states from Europe, with a population of approximately 675 million ; it operates with an annual ordinary budget of approximately 500 million euros. The organisation is distinct from the European Union (EU), although people sometimes confuse the two organisations – partly because the EU has adopted the original Flag of Europe, European flag, designed for the Council of Europe in 1955, as well as the Anthem of Europe, European anthem. No country has ever joined the EU without first belonging to the Council of Europe. The Council of Europe is an official United Nations General Assembly observers, United Nations observer. Unlike the EU, the Council of Europe cannot make binding laws; however, the council has produced a numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christiane Völling
Christiane Völling (born 17 April 1959) is the first intersex person known to have successfully sued for damages in a case brought for non-consensual surgical intervention described as a non-consensual sex reassignment. She was awarded €100,000 by the Regional Court of Cologne. History Völling was born in 1959 with XX sex chromosomes, typically associated with being female, and likely also with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. She had ambiguous genitalia and was assigned and raised male. She had an early puberty with what was considered to be striking physical growth, including beard growth. During an appendectomy, at age 14, the teenager was found to have a full set of female reproductive organs, including ovaries and fallopian tubes. While no testicular tissue was detected, Völling was diagnosed as having a mix of both male and female organs. She was informed of the presence of female organs and told she was 60% female. Völling suffered mental health issues as a consequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Intersex Forum
The International Intersex Forum is an annual event organised, then later supported, by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, ILGA and ILGA-Europe that and List of intersex organizations, organisations from multiple regions of the world, and it is believed to be the first and only such intersex event. Predecessor gatherings The International Intersex Forum is preceded by several other smaller gatherings, including an Intersex Society of North America, ISNA retreat in 1996 that brought together activists from North America and New Zealand, and also a summer school organised by Organisation Intersex International, OII-France in 2006. The retreat is documented in a short movie entitled ''Hermaphrodites Speak'' and the film ''Intersexion'', and the summer school in a book, ''A qui appartiennent nos corps? Féminisme et luttes intersexes''. First international intersex forum, Brussels, September 2011 This event, described as "historic" brought tog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
