The PS ''General Slocum''"PS" stands for " Paddle Steamer" was a sidewheel passenger

steamboat A steamboat is a boat that is marine propulsion, propelled primarily by marine steam engine, steam power, typically driving propellers or Paddle steamer, paddlewheels. Steamboats sometimes use the ship prefix, prefix designation SS, S.S. or S/S ...

built in Brooklyn,

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

, in 1891. During her service history, she was involved in a number of mishaps, including multiple groundings and collisions. On June 15, 1904, ''General Slocum'' caught fire and sank in the East River of New York City. At the time of the accident, she was on a chartered run carrying members of St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church ( German Americans from Little Germany, Manhattan) to a church picnic. An estimated 1,021 of the 1,342 people on board died. The ''General Slocum'' disaster was the New York area's deadliest disaster until the

September 11, 2001 attacks The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial ...

. It is the worst maritime disaster in the city's history (and of the twentieth-century until the '' Titanic'' surpassed it a few years later), and the second-worst maritime disaster on United States waterways (after the explosion and sinking of the steamboat ''Sultana''). The events surrounding the ''General Slocum'' fire have been explored in a number of books, plays, and movies.

Construction and design

The hull of ''General Slocum'' was built by Divine Burtis, Jr., a Brooklyn boatbuilder who was awarded the contract on February 15, 1891; the superstructure was built by John E. Hoffmire & Son. Her keel was long and the

hull Hull may refer to: Structures * Chassis, of an armored fighting vehicle * Fuselage, of an aircraft * Hull (botany), the outer covering of seeds * Hull (watercraft), the body or frame of a ship * Submarine hull Mathematics * Affine hull, in affi ...

was wide constructed of white oak and yellow pine. ''General Slocum'' measured 1,284 tons gross,Cussler, Clive
General Slocum
National Underwater and Marine Agency. Retrieved November 26, 2010. and had a hull depth of . ''General Slocum'' was constructed with three decks (main, promenade, and hurricane), three watertight compartments, and 250 electric lights. She drew unladen and was long overall. ''General Slocum'' was powered by a single- cylinder, surface-condensing vertical-beam

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be trans ...

with a

bore Bore or Bores often refer to: *Boredom * Drill Relating to holes * Boring (manufacturing), a machining process that enlarges a hole ** Bore (engine), the diameter of a cylinder in a piston engine or a steam locomotive ** Bore (wind instruments), ...

and

stroke A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functionin ...

, built by W. & A. Fletcher Company of Hoboken, New Jersey. Steam was supplied by two boilers at a working pressure of ."A Very Handsome Boat"
''The New York Times'', June 26, 1891. ''General Slocum'' was a sidewheel boat. Each wheel had 26 paddles and was in diameter. Her maximum speed was about . The ship was usually crewed by a contingent of 22, including Captain William H. Van Schaick and two pilots. She had a legal capacity of 2,500 passengers. Cabins, storeroom, and machinery spaces were below the main deck. Crew quarters were the second compartment aft from the bow, with a hatch and ladder leading to the main deck. Aft of the quarters was the "forward cabin", also fitted with a companionway to the main deck; it was originally intended to be a cabin space, but had been used as a storeroom and lamp room. The forward cabin also housed the ship's steering engine and dynamo. The forward cabin, measuring approximately (length × width), was used for general storage and to store and refuel the ship's lamps from oil barrels kept there. Oil had been spilled on the deck of the Lamp Room numerous times, and it was frequented by crew who habitually used open flames in the room. Aft of the forward cabin was the machinery space for engines and boilers. The stern compartment below the main deck (aft of the machinery) was used as an aftersaloon. The forward part of the main deck was enclosed just forward of the companionway to the forward cabin. The promenade deck, above the main deck, was open except for a small section amidships. The hurricane deck, above the promenade, was where the lifeboats and life rafts were stowed. The pilot house was above the hurricane deck, with a small stateroom immediately aft.

Service history

''General Slocum'' was named for Civil War GeneralJackson, Kenneth T. "General Slocum" in , p.499 and New York

Congressman A Member of Congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalen ...

Henry Warner Slocum. She was owned by the Knickerbocker Steamboat Company. She operated in the New York City area as an excursion steamer for the next 13 years under the same ownership. ''General Slocum'' experienced a series of mishaps following her launch in 1891. Four months after her launching, she ran aground off

Rockaway Rockaway may refer to: Places in the United States *Rockaway Beach (disambiguation) New Jersey * Rockaway, New Jersey, a borough in Morris County *Rockaway Township, New Jersey, a township in Morris County *Rockaway Creek (New Jersey), a tributar ...

. Tugboats had to be used to pull her free. A number of incidents occurred during 1894. On July 29, while returning from Rockaway with about 4,700 passengers, ''General Slocum'' struck a sandbar with enough force that her electrical generator went out. The next month, ''General Slocum'' ran aground off

Coney Island Coney Island is a peninsular neighborhood and entertainment area in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is bounded by Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn, Manhattan Beach to its east, L ...

during a storm. During this grounding, the passengers had to be transferred to another ship. In September 1894, ''General Slocum'' collided with the tug ''R. T. Sayre'' in the East River, with ''General Slocum'' sustaining substantial damage to her steering. In July 1898, another collision occurred when ''General Slocum'' collided with ''Amelia'' near Battery Park. On August 17, 1901, while carrying what was described as 900 intoxicated anarchists from

Paterson, New Jersey Paterson ( ) is the largest City (New Jersey), city in and the county seat of Passaic County, New Jersey, Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. ''General Slocum'' worked as a passenger ship, taking people on excursions around New York City. On Wednesday, June 15, 1904, the ship had been chartered for $350 by St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Little Germany district of Manhattan. This was an annual rite for the group, which had made the trip for 17 consecutive years, a period when German settlers moved from Little Germany to the Upper East and West sides. Nearly 1,400 passengers, mostly women and children, boarded ''General Slocum'', which was to sail up the East River and then eastward across the

Long Island Sound Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches from the Eas ...

to Locust Grove, a picnic site in Eatons Neck,

Long Island Long Island is a densely populated island in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of New York (state), New York, part of the New York metropolitan area. With over 8 million people, Long Island is the most populous island in the United Sta ...

. The official post-disaster report stated there were 1,358 passengers and 30 officers and crew; fewer than 150 of the passengers were estimated to be adult males over 21. Of those on board, there were 957 deaths and 180 injuries. Less than twenty minutes elapsed between the start of the fire and the collapse of the hurricane deck.

The fire

The ship got underway from the recreation pier at Third Street on the East River at 9:30 am; it passed west of Blackwell Island (now

Roosevelt Island Roosevelt Island is an island in New York City's East River, within the borough of Manhattan. It lies between Manhattan Island to the west, and the borough of Queens, on Long Island, to the east. Running from the equivalent of East 46th to 85 ...

) and turned east, remaining south of Wards Island. As it was passing East 90th Street, a fire started in the forward cabin or Lamp Room, the third compartment aft from the bow under the main deck; the fire was possibly caused by a discarded cigarette or match. The disastrous fire was fueled by the straw, oily rags, and lamp oil strewn around the room. The first notice of a fire was at 10 am; eyewitnesses claimed the initial blaze began in various locations, including a paint locker filled with flammable liquids and a cabin filled with gasoline. Passengers on the main deck were aware of the fire at the entrance to Hell Gate. Captain Van Schaick was not notified until 10 minutes after the fire was discovered. A 12-year-old boy had tried to warn him earlier, but was not believed. After he was notified of the fire, Van Schaick ordered full speed ahead; approximately 30 seconds later, he directed the pilot to beach the ship on North Brother Island. Following this last command, Van Schaick descended to the hurricane deck and remained there until he was able to jump into shallow water after the ship was beached. Although the captain was ultimately responsible for the safety of passengers, the owners had made no effort to maintain or replace the ship's safety equipment. The main deck was equipped with a standpipe connected to a steam pump, but the fire hose attached to the forward end of the standpipe, a length of "cheap unlined linen", had been allowed to rot and burst in several places. When the crew tried to put out the fire; they were unable to attach a rubber hose because the coupling of the linen hose remained attached to the standpipe. The ship was also equipped with hand pumps and buckets, but they were not used during the disaster; the crew gave up firefighting efforts after failing to attach the rubber hose. The crew had not practiced a fire drill that year, and the lifeboats were tied up and inaccessible. (Some claim they were wired and painted in place.) Survivors reported that the life preservers were useless and fell apart in their hands, while desperate mothers placed life jackets on their children and tossed them into the water, only to watch in horror as their children sank instead of floating. Most of those on board were women and children who, like most Americans of the time, could not swim; victims found that their heavy wool clothing absorbed water and weighed them down in the river. It was discovered that Nonpareil Cork Works, supplier of cork materials to manufacturers of life preservers, placed iron bars inside the cork materials to meet minimum content requirements ( of "good cork") at the time. Nonpareil's deception was revealed by David Kahnweiler's Sons, who inspected a shipment of 300 cork blocks. Many of the life preservers had been filled with cheap and less effective granulated cork and brought up to proper weight by the inclusion of the iron weights. Canvas covers, rotted with age, split and scattered the powdered cork. Managers of the company (Nonpareil Cork Works) were indicted but not convicted. The life preservers on the ''Slocum'' had been manufactured in 1891 and had hung above the deck, unprotected from the elements, for 13 years. File:EM NOVA-YORK. A grande catastrophe do vapor de passeio General Slocum. Morte horrível de 1.200 pessoas!.jpg, The great catastrophe of the passenger steamboat ''General Slocum'' (

Angelo Agostini Angelo Agostini (April 8, 1843 – January 23, 1910) was an Italian-born Brazilian illustrator, journalist and founder of several publications, and although born in Italy, is considered the first Brazilian cartoonist. Biography Agostini was b ...

, '' O Malho'', 1904). File:Victims of the General Slocum (1904).jpg, Victims of ''General Slocum'' washed ashore at North Brother Island. File:Recovery of victims from the General Slocum.jpg, Carrying away a body from North Brother Island

Beaching on North Brother Island

Captain Van Schaick decided to continue his course rather than run the ship aground or stop at a nearby landing. By going into headwinds and failing to immediately ground the ship, he fanned the fire and promoted its spread from fore to aft; the investigating commission later faulted Van Schaick for passing up opportunities to beach the vessel in Little Hell Gate (west of the Sunken Meadows) or the Bronx Bills (east of the Sunken Meadows), which also would have put the prevailing winds astern, keeping flames from spreading along the length of the ship. Van Schaick later argued he was trying to avoid having the fire spread to riverside buildings and oil tanks. Flammable paint also helped the fire spread out of control, which was driven aft mainly along the port side of the ship; passengers, who were on the upper promenade and hurricane decks, were forced into the aft starboard quarter. Ten minutes after the ship was beached, the fire had essentially engulfed the vessel; no more than twenty minutes had elapsed since the first flames came up from the Lamp Room. Some passengers jumped into the river to escape the fire, but the heavy women's clothing of the day made swimming almost impossible and dragged them underwater to drown. An estimated 100 to 500 died when the overloaded starboard section of the hurricane deck collapsed, casting those passengers into deep water, and others were battered by the still-turning paddles as they tried to escape into the water or over the sides. The commission estimated that 400 to 600 people drowned after the ship was beached, as they jumped off the aft portion of the boat into deep water; those jumping off the bow landed in shallower water. ''General Slocum'' remained beached on North Brother Island for approximately 90 minutes before breaking free and drifting east for approximately ; by the time she sank in shallow water off the Bronx shore at Hunts Point, an estimated 1,021 people, including 2 of the 30 crew members, had either burned to death or drowned. There were 431 survivors. The actions of two tugboats which arrived a few minutes after the ''Slocum'' was beached were credited with saving between 200 and 350 people. The 1904 Coast Guard Report estimated the following figures for casualties of a total of 1,388 persons involved in the disaster: The captain lost sight in one eye owing to the fire. Reports indicate that Captain Van Schaick deserted ''General Slocum'' as soon as it settled, jumping into a nearby

tug A tugboat or tug is a marine vessel that manoeuvres other vessels by pushing or pulling them, with direct contact or a tow line. These boats typically tug ships in circumstances where they cannot or should not move under their own power, suc ...

, along with several crew. He was hospitalized at Lebanon Hospital. Many acts of heroism were committed by the passengers, witnesses, and emergency personnel. Staff and patients from the hospital on North Brother Island participated in the rescue efforts, forming human chains and pulling victims from the water.

Aftermath

Eight people were indicted by a federal

grand jury A grand jury is a jury—a group of citizens—empowered by law to conduct legal proceedings, investigate potential criminal conduct, and determine whether criminal charges should be brought. A grand jury may subpoena physical evidence or a pe ...

after the disaster: the captain, two inspectors, and the president, secretary, treasurer, and commodore of the Knickerbocker Steamship Company. Only Captain Van Schaick was convicted. He was found guilty on one of three charges: criminal negligence, for failing to maintain proper fire drills and fire extinguishers. The jury could not reach a verdict on the other two counts of manslaughter. He was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. He spent three years and six months at Sing Sing prison before he was paroled. President Theodore Roosevelt declined to pardon Captain Van Schaick. He was not released until the federal parole board under the William Howard Taft administration voted to free him on August 26, 1911.Robinson, Eric. New-York Historical Society Library He was

pardoned A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the ju ...

by President Taft on December 19, 1912; the pardon became effective on Christmas Day. After his death in 1927, Schaick was buried in Oakwood Cemetery (Troy, New York). The Knickerbocker Steamship Company, which owned the ship, paid a relatively small fine despite evidence that they might have falsified inspection records. The disaster motivated federal and state regulation to improve the emergency equipment on passenger ships. The neighborhood of Little Germany, which had been in decline for some time before the disaster as residents moved uptown, almost disappeared afterward. With the trauma and arguments that followed the tragedy and the loss of many prominent settlers, most of the Lutheran Germans remaining in the Lower East Side eventually moved uptown. The church whose congregation chartered the ship for the fateful voyage was converted to a synagogue in 1940 after the area was settled by Jewish residents. The victims were interred in cemeteries around New York, with 58 identified victims buried in the Cemetery of the Evergreens, and 46 identified victims buried in Green-Wood Cemetery, both in Brooklyn. Many victims were buried at Lutheran Cemetery in Middle Village, Queens (now Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery) where an annual memorial ceremony is held at the historical marker. In 1906, a marble memorial fountain was erected in the north central part of Tompkins Square Park in Manhattan by the Sympathy Society of German Ladies, with the inscription: "They are Earth's purest children, young and fair." The sunken remains of ''General Slocum'' were salvaged and converted into a 625- gross register ton barge named ''Maryland'', which sank in the South River in 1909 and again in the Atlantic Ocean off the southeast coast of New Jersey near Strathmere and Sea Isle City during a storm on December 4, 1911, while carrying a cargo of coal. All four people aboard ''Maryland'' survived the sinking.

Survivors

On January 26, 2004, the last surviving passenger from ''General Slocum'',

Adella Wotherspoon Adella Liebenow Wotherspoon (November 28, 1903 – January 26, 2004) was the youngest and last living survivor of the ''General Slocum The PS ''General Slocum''"PS" stands for "Paddle Steamer" was a sidewheel passenger steamboat built i ...

(née Liebenow), died at the age of 100. At the time of the disaster, she was a six-month-old infant. Wotherspoon was the youngest survivor of the tragedy that took the lives of her two older sisters. When she was one year old, she unveiled the Steamboat Fire Mass Memorial on June 15, 1905, at Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery, in Middle Village, Queens. Before Wotherspoon's death, the previous oldest survivor was Catherine Connelly (née Uhlmyer) (1893–2002) who was 11 years old at the time of the accident. File:Youngest Slocum Survivor crop.jpg,

(June 16, 1905) File:Catherine Uhlmyer.gif, Catherine Uhlmyer Connelly

In popular culture

General Slocum Memorial Tompkins Square Park NYC

Literature * 1922 – A few references are made to the disaster in James Joyce's '' Ulysses'', the events of which take place on the following day (June 16, 1904). * 1925 – A few references to the disaster occur in John Dos Passos' novel '' Manhattan Transfer''. * 1939 – Journalist Nat Ferber's autobiography, ''I Found Out: A Confidential Chronicle of the Twenties'', begins with his reporting on the ''General Slocum'' tragedy. * 1975 – Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson's satirical '' The Illuminatus! Trilogy'' briefly mentions the disaster as attributable to the

23 enigma The 23 enigma is a belief in the significance of the number 23. Origins Robert Anton Wilson cites William S. Burroughs as the first person to believe in the 23 enigma. Wilson, in an article in ''Fortean Times'', related the following anecdote: ...

, since 19+04=23. Cartwright alleges that the disaster was an Illuminati technique for "transcendental illumination" through human sacrifice. *1996 – Eric Blau's novel ''The Hero of the Slocum Disaster'' is based on the disaster; it was later adapted by

Patrick Tull Patrick Tull (28 July 1941 – 23 September 2006) was a British stage, film and television actor. Early life and education Tull was born in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex, England, the son of Phillida and Richard Tull. His father was an ar ...

and Emily King into a one-person play. * 2000 – The story of ''General Slocum'' was described as an "Avoidable Catastrophe" in

Bob Fenster Bob, BOB, or B.O.B. may refer to: Places * Mount Bob, New York, United States *Bob Island, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica People, fictional characters, and named animals *Bob (given name), a list of people and fictional characters *Bob (surname ...

's book, ''Duh! The Stupid History of the Human Race'', in Part One, which discusses stories involving stupidity. * 2003 – ''Ship Ablaze'' by Edward O'Donnell is a detailed history of the event. * 2003 – The disaster is featured in one of the chapters of author Clive Cussler's book ''The Sea Hunters 2'' when he finds the wreckage of the barge ''Maryland'', which was the converted ''Slocum'' after she was salvaged. * 2003 – The protagonist of Pete Hamill's ''Forever: A Novel'' describes the event both as the worst disaster in New York's history at its time, and the point at which Germans left

Kleindeutschland {{more citations needed, date=April 2017 The term Lesser Germany (German: ''Kleindeutschland'') or Lesser German solution (German: Kleindeutsche Lösung) denoted essentially exclusion of Austria of the Habsburgs from the planned German unification ...

for Yorkville, effectively vacating the present-day

Lower East Side The Lower East Side, sometimes abbreviated as LES, is a historic neighborhood in the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City. It is located roughly between the Bowery and the East River from Canal to Houston streets. Traditionally an im ...

, which was then adopted by Central European Jews. * 2004 – The 2005

Hugo Award The Hugo Award is an annual literary award for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year, given at the World Science Fiction Convention and chosen by its members. The Hugo is widely considered the premier a ...

-nominated novella ''Time Ablaze'' by

Michael A. Burstein Michael A. Burstein (born 1970) is an American writer of science fiction. Background Michael A. Burstein was born in New York City, and grew up in Forest Hills in the borough of Queens. He attended Hunter College High School in Manhattan ...

( ''Analog'', June 2004) concerns a time traveler who comes to record the disaster. The story was published to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the disaster. * 2006 – The ''General Slocum'' disaster is at the center of the novel ''Kiss Me, I'm Dead'', by

J.G. Sandom J. G. Sandom (born December 19, 1956) is an American businessman and author, who co-founded the nation's first digital advertising agency, Einstein and Sandom Interactive (EASI), in 1984. Life and work Sandom grew up in Europe, passing five yea ...

, also published as ''The Unresolved'' using the pen name of

T.K. Welsh J. G. Sandom (born December 19, 1956) is an American businessman and author, who co-founded the nation's first digital advertising agency, Einstein and Sandom Interactive (EASI), in 1984. Life and work Sandom grew up in Europe, passing five ye ...

. * 2008 – The ''General Slocum'' disaster plays a prominent role in

Richard Crabbe Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Frankish language, Old Frankish and is a Compound (linguistics), compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language, Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' an ...

's novel ''Hell's Gate''. * 2009 – The ''General Slocum'' tragedy is described in detail in

Glenn Stout Glenn may refer to: Name or surname * Glenn (name) * John Glenn, U.S. astronaut Cultivars * Glenn (mango) * a 6-row barley variety Places In the United States: * Glenn, California * Glenn County, California * Glenn, Georgia, a settlement i ...

's 2009 biography of Gertrude Ederle, ''Young Woman and the Sea''. Stout uses the incident, in which many women and young children drowned, to help explain the history of how women, including Ederle, were afforded opportunities to learn to swim during the early part of the century. * 2010–2012 – The disaster plays a prominent role in the novels ''In the Shadow of Gotham'' (2010) and ''Secret of the White Rose'' (2012) by

Stefanie Pintoff Stefanie Pintoff is an American author of historical mystery novels. Work Stefanie Pintoff’s books take place in New York City in the early 1900s. Her character Simon Ziele is a police detective who lost his fiancée in a steamship accident, an ...

. * 2011 – The sinking and the spirits of the dead near the site of the sinking at the Hell Gate Bridge are a major plot line in the supernatural novel ''Dead Waters'' by

Anton Strout Anton Strout (January 24, 1970 – December 30, 2020) was an American urban fantasy author, blogger, and podcaster. Personal life Anton Strout was born January 24, 1970,Anton Strout"Anton Strout: Basic Info" Facebook. Retrieved December 3, 2012. ...

. * 2013 – In the Dean Koontz novel ''Innocence'', deaths caused by the sinking of ''General Slocum'' prompted the construction of secret rooms dedicated to the memory of a family lost. Film, television, music * 1904 – ''The Slocum Disaster'' - This silent American Mutoscope and Biograph Company (#2932) documentary short filmed by

G. W. Bitzer Gottfried Wilhelm Bitzer (April 21, 1872 – April 29, 1944) was an American cinematographer, notable for his close association and pioneering work with D. W. Griffith. Biography Prior to his career as a cameraman, working as a motion picture pro ...

features footage of the collecting of bodies on North Brother Island, the temporary morgue at the offices of Public Charites, and mourners at St. Marks German Evangelical Lutheran Church, taken on June 16 and 17, 1904 and released that same month on the 22nd. * 1904 – The American composer

Charles Ives Charles Edward Ives (; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer, one of the first American composers of international renown. His music was largely ignored during his early career, and many of his works went unperformed f ...

(1874–1954) wrote the tone poem "The General Slocum", a musical portrait of the disaster. * 1915 – '' Regeneration'' is an early gangster film directed by

Raoul Walsh Raoul Walsh (born Albert Edward Walsh; March 11, 1887December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), and the brother of silent screen actor George Walsh. He w ...

and produced by William Fox. The film was lost until the 1970s. It has a lengthy scene in which an excursion picnic ship burns in dramatic fashion while passengers jump overboard, an obvious reference to the ''General Slocum'' disaster. Walsh shot the scene in New York, not far from where the real disaster occurred. * 1934 – The first scenes of the film '' Manhattan Melodrama'' recreated the disaster. * 1998 – German television produced and aired ''Die Slocum brennt!'' (''The Slocum is on Fire!''), an hour-long documentary by Christian Baudissin about the disaster and its impact on the German community of New York. * 2001 – A description of the disaster and the following events, in comparison with the September 11 attacks, is given by David Rakoff in an episode of the radio program '' This American Life''. * 2002 – The ''General Slocum'' disaster was featured in the documentary ''My Father's Gun''. * 2004 – ''Ship Ablaze'' was a documentary made by History Channel, with production help from NFL Films, featuring a filmed reenactment of the disaster along with interviews of the two remaining ''General Slocum'' survivors. The documentary takes its name from the book by Edward O'Donnell, who is interviewed in it. * 2004 – ''Fearful Visitation, New York's Great Steamboat Fire of 1904'', produced by Philip Dray and

Hank Linhart Hank is a male given name. It may have been inspired by the Dutch name Henk,The Origins of 10 Nickna ...

, running time ''53 minutes'', premiered at the New-York Historical Society for the 100-year commemoration in 2004, and was broadcast on PBS. It features interviews with the last two living survivors and historians Ed O'Donnell,

Kenneth T. Jackson Kenneth Terry Jackson (born 1939) is a professor emeritus of history and social sciences at Columbia University. A frequent television guest, he is best known as an urban historian and a preeminent authority on the history of New York City, where ...

, and

Lucy Sante Lucy Sante (formerly Luc Sante; born May 25, 1954) is a Belgium-born American writer, critic, and artist. She is a frequent contributor to ''The New York Review of Books''. Her books include '' Low Life: Lures and Snares of Old New York'' (1991) ...

. * 2012 – The disaster was featured in Season 4, Episode 3 of the program ''

Mysteries at the Museum ''Mysteries at the Museum'' is an hour-long television program on the Travel Channel which features museum artifacts of unusual or mysterious origins. Plot Each episode is focused on interesting and unusual artifacts held in museums. The show ...

''. * 2017 – The '' American Housewife'' TV series episode on May 2 featured a child cast member who had a morbid fear of water which derived from reading about the sinking of ''General Slocum''. She cited several facts about the event. * 2017 – ''History Retold: Fire at Sea'' is a documentary that describes the disaster among other disasters involving ships catching fire at sea. * 2022 – The folk music group The Longest Johns reference the sinking in their song "Downed and Drowned."

Notes

References

External links

* * * * * *
Adella Liebenow Wotherspoon Photographs and Papers, 1860-2004, PR 400
at th
New-York Historical Society
{{DEFAULTSORT:General Slocum 1891 ships 1904 disasters in the United States 1904 fires in the United States Engineering failures Fires in New York City German-American history History of New York City Maritime incidents in the United States Maritime incidents in 1904 Ships built in Brooklyn Paddle steamers of the United States Passenger ships of the United States Rockaway, Queens Ship fires Shipwrecks of the East River Transportation accidents in New York City Maritime incidents in 1911 Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean Shipwrecks of the New Jersey coast December 1911 events June 1904 events 1904 in New York City