''Garra'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and t ...

. These fish are one example of the "

log sucker ''Garra'' is a genus of fish in the family (biology), family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", Suckermouth, sucker-mouthed Barb (fish), barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in Aquarium, aquaria to keep down algae. T ...

s", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down

algae Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular ...

. The

doctor fish The red garra (''Garra rufa''), also known as the doctor fish or nibble fish, is a species of cyprinid that is native to a wide range of freshwater habitats in subtropical parts of Western Asia. This small fish typically is up to about in tota ...

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 160

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

of garras are native to

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

, but about one-fifth of the species are from

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

(

East East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth. Etymology As in other languages, the word is formed from the fact that ea ...

, Middle and

West West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance langu ...

, but by far the highest

species richness Species richness is the number of different species represented in an community (ecology), ecological community, landscape or region. Species richness is simply a count of species, and it does not take into account the Abundance (ecology), abunda ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

). The genus was established by

Francis Buchanan-Hamilton Francis Buchanan (15 February 1762 – 15 June 1829), later known as Francis Hamilton but often referred to as Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, was a Scottish surgeon, surveyor and botanist who made significant contributions as a geographer and zoolo ...

in 1822 as a

subgenus In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...

of ''

Cyprinus ''Cyprinus'' is the genus of typical carps in family Cyprinidae. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the common carp (''C. carpio'') in Western Asia and Europe; this invasive species has also been Introduced species, intr ...

'' (which at that time was a " basket genus" for

carp The term carp (: carp) is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family (biology), family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized game fish, quarries and a ...

-like cyprinids); though it didn't lead to an act of him to designate a

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

by the time. However, as no other garras except the newly discovered '' G. lamta'' were known to science in 1822, this was designated as the type species by

Pieter Bleeker Pieter Bleeker (10 July 1819 – 24 January 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor, Ichthyology, ichthyologist, and Herpetology, herpetologist. He was famous for the ''Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises'', his monumental work on ...

in 1863. The garras and their closest relatives are sometimes placed in a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Garrinae, but this seems hardly warranted. More often, this group is included in the Labeoninae, or together with these in the Cyprininae. In the former case, the garras are members of the labeonine

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Garrini, in the latter they are in the

subtribe Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants). The first use of this word dates back to the late 19th century. An example of ...

Garraina of tribe Labeonini. The genus ''

Discogobio ''Discogobio'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that are found in eastern Asia. So far the 16 species have only been identified from China (11 species) and Vietnam (5 species) wherein each species is Endemism, endemic to the country in which it is fou ...

'' is a close relative.

Description and ecology

These species are slim

cyprinid Cyprinidae is a Family (biology), family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barb (fish), barbs and barbel (fish), barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the ...

s with a flat belly and a sucking mouth; their shape indicates that they are at least in tendency rheophilic. They are distinguished from other cyprinids by a combination of features: As in their closest relatives, their lower lip is expanded at its posterior rim to form a round or oval sucking pad, the vomero-palatine organ is much reduced or completely lost, the

pectoral fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish aquatic locomotion, swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the vertebral column ...

s have at least the first two rays enlarged and usually unbranched, the supraethmoid is wider than long when seen from above, and the cleithrum is narrow and elongated to the front. From other Garrini (or Garraina), the genus ''Garra'' can be distinguished as follows: their pharyngeal teeth are arranged in three rows (like 2,4,5–5,4,2), the

dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates. Dorsal fins have evolved independently several times through convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found ...

has 10-11 rays and starts slightly

anterior Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and other animals. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ...

to the

pelvic fin Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral (belly) surface of fish, and are the lower of the only two sets of paired fins (the other being the laterally positioned pectoral fins). The pelvic fins are homologous to the hi ...

s, while the

anal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported o ...

starts well behind the pelvic fins and has 8-9 rays. As far as is known, the

diploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Here ''sets of chromosomes'' refers to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, ...

karyotype A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by de ...

of garras is 2n = 50. Garras are not or barely noticeably

sexually dimorphic Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different Morphology (biology), morphological characteristics, including characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most dioecy, di ...

and generally cryptically coloured

benthic The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning "the depths". ...

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mi ...

fish. Six species in the genus ('' G. andruzzii'', '' G. dunsirei'', '' G. lorestanensis'', '' G. tashanensis'', '' G. typhlops'' and some populations of '' G. barreimiae'') are cave-adapted, lacking pigmentation and/or eyes. Garras are

omnivorous An omnivore () is an animal that regularly consumes significant quantities of both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize ...

, eating

alga Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular microalgae, suc ...

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against ocean current, currents (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are ca ...

and small

invertebrate Invertebrates are animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''spine'' or ''backbone''), which evolved from the notochord. It is a paraphyletic grouping including all animals excluding the chordata, chordate s ...

s that they suck off substrate like rocks or logs. The food is scraped off with the sharp

keratinized Keratin () is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as ''scleroproteins''. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in vertebrates. Kera ...

borders of the jaws and ingested via

suction Suction is the day-to-day term for the movement of gases or liquids along a pressure gradient with the implication that the movement occurs because the lower pressure pulls the gas or liquid. However, the forces acting in this case do not orig ...

, created by contracting and relaxing the buccopharynx. As typical for

Cypriniformes Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, which includes many families and genera of cyprinid ( carps and their kin) fish, such as barbs, loaches, botias, and minnows (among others). Cypriniformes is an "order-within-an-order", placed ...

, the garras lack a

stomach The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract of Human, humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The Ancient Greek name for the stomach is ''gaster'' which is used as ''gastric'' in medical t ...

entirely, their

oesophagus The esophagus (American English), oesophagus (British English), or œsophagus ( archaic spelling) ( see spelling difference) all ; : ((o)e)(œ)sophagi or ((o)e)(œ)sophaguses), colloquially known also as the food pipe, food tube, or gullet, ...

leading directly to the

sphincter A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. Sphincters are found in many animals. There are over 60 types in the human bo ...

of the

intestine The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The tract is the largest of the body's systems, after the cardiovascular system. T ...

. Different ''Garra''

eat animal and vegetable matter in different proportions, which can – as typical for

vertebrate Vertebrates () are animals with a vertebral column (backbone or spine), and a cranium, or skull. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the cranium protects the brain. The vertebrates make up the subphylum Vertebra ...

s – usually be recognized by the length of their intestine compared to related species: more

herbivorous A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically evolved to feed on plants, especially upon vascular tissues such as foliage, fruits or seeds, as the main component of its diet. These more broadly also encompass animals that eat n ...

species have a longer intestine. Indeed, intestinal length in this genus is remarkably constant within species and varies a lot between species, meaning that it is useful to distinguish species and that dietary shifts have played a significant role in the

evolution Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, re ...

of garras. When the females are ready to spawn, they are markedly plump and swollen; the ripe

roe Roe, ( ) or hard roe, is the fully ripe internal egg masses in the ovaries, or the released external egg masses, of fish and certain marine animals such as shrimp, scallop, sea urchins and squid. As a seafood, roe is used both as a cooking, c ...

may fill almost four-fifths of their

body cavity A body cavity is any space or compartment, or potential space, in an animal body. Cavities accommodate organs and other structures; cavities as potential spaces contain fluid. The two largest human body cavities are the ventral body cavity, a ...

. The

testicle A testicle or testis ( testes) is the gonad in all male bilaterians, including humans, and is Homology (biology), homologous to the ovary in females. Its primary functions are the production of sperm and the secretion of Androgen, androgens, p ...

s of reproductive males are large too. The average ''Garra'' egg is 1.77 mm in

diameter In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest Chord (geometry), chord of the circle. Both definitions a ...

and a

clutch A clutch is a mechanical device that allows an output shaft to be disconnected from a rotating input shaft. The clutch's input shaft is typically attached to a motor, while the clutch's output shaft is connected to the mechanism that does th ...

contains several hundred eggs – up to a thousand or so in large females. The breeding behaviour is generally not well known and breeding is not often achieved in the

aquarium An aquarium (: aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. fishkeeping, Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquati ...

; presumably, like many of their relatives they migrate upstream or (if they otherwise inhabit lakes) into the rivers to spawn.

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus: Garra blanfordii

* '' Garra abhoyai'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra aethiopica'' ( Pellegrin, 1927) * '' Garra allostoma'' T. R. Roberts, 1990 * '' Garra alticaputus'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * '' Garra alticauda'' L. Cao, Nyingi,

Bart Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is a rapid transit system serving the San Francisco Bay Area in California. BART serves List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations, 50 stations along six routes and of track, including eBART, a spur line running t ...

& E. Zhang, 2023 * '' Garra amirhosseini'' Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Coad & Eagderi, 2016 * '' Garra andruzzii'' ( Vinciguerra, 1924) (Somalian cavefish) * '' Garra annandalei'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra apogon'' ( Norman, 1925) * '' Garra arunachalami'' J. J. Johnson & R. Soranam, 2001 * '' Garra arunachalensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 * '' Garra arupi'' Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009 * '' Garra barreimiae'' Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 * '' Garra bicornuta'' Narayan Rao, 1920 * '' Garra biloborostris'' Roni & Vishwanath, 2017 * '' Garra bimaculacauda'' Thoni,

Gurung Gurung (exonym; ) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung language, Gurung: ) are a Tibetan people, Tibetan ethnic group living in the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal. Gurungs speak Tamu kyi which is a Sino-Tibetan language derived from the ...

& Mayden, 2016 * '' Garra binduensis'' U. Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi, 2016 * '' Garra birostris'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 * '' Garra bisangularis'' Z. M. Chen, X. Y. Wu, & H. Xiao, 2010 * '' Garra bispinosa'' E. Zhang, 2005 * '' Garra blanfordii'' ( Boulenger, 1901) * '' Garra borneensis'' ( Vaillant, 1902) * '' Garra bourreti'' ( Pellegrin, 1928) * '' Garra buettikeri''

Krupp Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp (formerly Fried. Krupp AG and Friedrich Krupp GmbH), trade name, trading as Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century as well as Germany's premier weapons manufacturer dur ...

, 1983 * '' Garra caudomaculata'' ( Battalgil, 1942) (Antakya minnow) * '' Garra centrala'' V. H. Nguyễn, T.H.N. Vũ & T.D.P. Nguyễn, 2015 * '' Garra ceylonensis'' Bleeker, 1863 (Ceylon logsucker) * '' Garra chakpiensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 * '' Garra chathensis'' Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2020 * '' Garra chaudhurii'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra chebera'' Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010 * '' Garra chindwinensis'' Premananda, Kosygin, Saidullah, 2017 * '' Garra chingaiensis'' Abonmai, Linthoingambi, Ngangbam, Thoidingjam & K. R. Singh, 2023 * '' Garra chivaensis'' Moyon & L. Arunkumar, 2020 * '' Garra clavirostris'' Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath, 2017 * '' Garra compressa'' Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998 * '' Garra congoensis''

Poll Poll, polled, or polling may refer to: Forms of voting and counting * Poll, a formal election ** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts ** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions ** Polling pla ...

, 1959 * '' Garra cornigera'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 * '' Garra culiciphaga'' (Pellegrin, 1927) (Redstripe barb) * '' Garra cyclostomata'' Đ. Y. Mai, 1978 * '' Garra cyrano'' Kottelat, 2000 * '' Garra dampaensis'' Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013 * '' Garra deccanensis'' Jadhav, Karuthapandi, Shangningam, Jaiswal & Shankar, 2022 * '' Garra dembecha'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra dembeensis'' ( Rüppell, 1835) (Dembea stone lapper) * '' Garra dengba'' S.-Q. Deng, L. Cao & E. Zhang, 2018 * '' Garra dohjei'' Marngar, Mawlong & Lokeshwor, 2024 * '' Garra dulongensis'' ( Chen, X. F. Pan, X. Hong & J. X. Yang, 2006) * '' Garra dunsirei'' Banister, 1987 * '' Garra duobarbis'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra elegans'' ( Günther, 1868) * '' Garra elongata'' Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000 * '' Garra emarginata'' Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 * '' Garra ethelwynnae'' Menon, 1958 * '' Garra festai'' ( Tortonese, 1939) * '' Garra flavatra'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra fluviatilis'' Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016 * '' Garra fuliginosa'' Fowler, 1934 * '' Garra gallagheri'' Krupp, 1988 (Black Garra) * '' Garra geba'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra ghorensis'' Krupp, 1982 * '' Garra gotyla'' ( J. E. Gray, 1830) (Sucker head) * '' Garra gracilis'' (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936) * '' Garra gravelyi'' ( Annandale, 1919) * '' Garra gymnothorax'' Berg, 1949 (Chest scaleless garra) * '' Garra hexagonarostris'' Nebeshwar, Rameshori & Prabina, 2024 * '' Garra hindii'' (Boulenger, 1905) * '' Garra hormuzensis'' Zamani-Faradonbe, E. Zhang & Keivany, 2021 * '' Garra hughi''

Silas Silas or Silvanus (; Greek: Σίλας/Σιλουανός; fl. 1st century AD) was a leading member of the Early Christian community, who according to the New Testament accompanied Paul the Apostle on his second missionary journey. Name and ...

, 1955 * '' Garra ignestii'' ( Gianferrari, 1925) * '' Garra imberbis'' (Vinciguerra, 1890) * '' Garra irangensis'' Premananda, 2023 * '' Garra jaldhakaensis'' Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & U. Das, 2021 * '' Garra jamila'' Moritz, Straube &

Neumann Neumann () is a German language, German surname, with its origins in the pre-7th-century (Old English) word ''wikt:neowe, neowe'' meaning "new", with ''wikt:mann, mann'', meaning man. The English form of the name is Newman. Von Neumann is a varian ...

, 2019 * '' Garra jenkinsonianum'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra jerdoni'' F. Day, 1867 * '' Garra jordanica'' Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof, 2014 * '' Garra joshuai'' (Silas, 1954) * '' Garra kalakadensis'' Rema Devi, 1993 * '' Garra kalpangi'' Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012 * '' Garra kangrae'' Prashad, 1919 * '' Garra kemali'' ( Hankó, 1925) (Eregil minnow) * '' Garra kempi'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra khawbungi'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 * '' Garra kimini'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 * '' Garra klatti'' ( Kosswig, 1950) * '' Garra koladynensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2017 * '' Garra laishrami'' Surachita, Chowdhury & Palita, 2023 * '' Garra lamta'' ( F. Hamilton, 1822) * '' Garra lancrenonensis'' Blache & Miton, 1960 * '' Garra langlungensis'' Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2021 * '' Garra lautior'' Banister, 1987 * '' Garra lissorhynchus'' ( McClelland, 1842) * '' Garra litanensis'' Vishwanath, 1993 * '' Garra longchuanensis'' Q. Yu, X. Z. Wang, H. Xiong & S. P. He, 2016 * '' Garra longipinnis'' Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977 * '' Garra lorestanensis'' Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016 * '' Garra lungongza'' Ngangbam & Lithoingambi, 2023 * '' Garra magnacavus'' Shangningam, Kosygin &

Sinha Sinha is a surname which originates in the Indian subcontinent. The surname is commonly used by many communities including the Bengali Kayastha and the Chitraguptavanshi Kayasthas of the Hindi Belt, and is common in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangla ...

, 2019 * '' Garra magnidiscus'' Tamang, 2013 * '' Garra makiensis'' ( Boulenger, 1904) * '' Garra mamshuqa''

, 1983 * '' Garra manipurensis'' Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988 * '' Garra matensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2017 * '' Garra mcclellandi'' ( Jerdon, 1849) * '' Garra menderesensis'' ( Küçük, Bayçelebi, Güçlü & Gülle, 2015) * '' Garra menoni'' Rema Devi & T. J. Indra, 1984 * '' Garra meymehensis'' Zamani-Faradonbe, Keivany, Dorafshan & E. Zhang, 2021 * '' Garra mini'' Rahman, Mollah, Norén & S. O. Kullander, 2016 * '' Garra minibarbata'' L. Cao, Nyingi, Bart & E. Zhang 2023 * '' Garra minimus'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * '' Garra mirofrontis'' X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987 * '' Garra mlapparaensis'' Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 * '' Garra mondica'' Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Freyhof, 2015 * '' Garra montisalsi'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra motuoensis'' Z. Gong, Freyhof, J. Wang, M. Liu, F. Liu, P. C. Lin, Y. Jiang & H. Z. Liu 2018 * '' Garra moyonkhulleni'' Moyon & Arunkumar, 2018 * '' Garra mullya'' ( Sykes, 1839) (sucker fish) * '' Garra naganensis'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra nambulica'' Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005r. * '' Garra namyaensis'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 * '' Garra nana'' ( Heckel, 1843) * '' Garra napata'' Moritz, Straube & Neumann, 2019 * '' Garra nasuta'' (McClelland, 1838) * '' Garra nepalensis'' Rayamajhi & Arunachalam, 2017 * '' Garra nethravathiensis'' Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014 * '' Garra ngatangkha'' Arunkumar & Moyon, 2019 * '' Garra ngopi''

Tenali Tenali is a city in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality, and the headquarters of Tenali mandal and Tenali revenue division. The city is renowned for art, culture, drama, and hence, it is called "Andhra ...

, Chandran, R. K. Singh & Sarkar, 2024 * '' Garra nigricauda'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * '' Garra nigricollis'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra notata'' ( Blyth, 1860) * '' Garra nudiventris'' (Berg, 1905) * '' Garra orientalis'' Nichols, 1925 * '' Garra ornata'' (Nichols & Griscom, 1917) * '' Garra orontesi'' Bayçelebi, Kaya,

Turan Turan (; ; , , ) is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical region, or a culture. The original Turanians were an Iranian tribe of th ...

& Freyhof, 2021 * '' Garra palaniensis'' (Rema Devi & Menon, 1994) * '' Garra palaruvica'' Arunachalam,

Raja Raja (; from , IAST ') is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian subcontinent, Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. T ...

, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * '' Garra panitvongi'' Tangjitjaroen, Z. S. Randall, Tongnunui, Boyd &

Page Page most commonly refers to: * Page (paper), one side of a leaf of paper, as in a book Page, PAGE, pages, or paging may also refer to: Roles * Page (assistance occupation), a professional occupation * Page (servant), traditionally a young m ...

, 2023 * '' Garra paralissorhynchus'' Vishwanath & K. Shanta Devi, 2005 * '' Garra parastenorhynchus'' Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 * '' Garra paratrilobata'' Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2019 * '' Garra periyarensis'' K. C. Gopi, 2001 * '' Garra persica'' Berg, 1914 * '' Garra phewakholaensis'' Limbu, Rajbanshi & Raza 2024 * '' Garra phillipsi'' Deraniyagala, 1933 (Phillips's garra) * '' Garra platycephala'' Narayan Rao, 1920 * '' Garra poecilura'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang 2004 * '' Garra poilanei'' Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933 * '' Garra prashadi'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra propulvinus'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang 2004 * '' Garra qiaojiensis'' H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977 * '' Garra quadratirostris'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 * '' Garra quadrimaculata'' (Rüppell 1835) * '' Garra quangtriensis'' V. H. Nguyễn, T.H.N. Vũ & T. D. P. Nguyễn, 2015 * '' Garra rakhinica'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang 2004 * '' Garra ranganensis'' Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar, 2019 * '' Garra regressa'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra rezai'' Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022 * '' Garra rhynchota'' Koller, 1926 * '' Garra robertsi'' Thoni & Mayden, 2015 * '' Garra roseae'' Mousavi-Sabet, Saemi-Komsari, Doadrio & Freyhof, 2019 * '' Garra rossica'' ( A. M. Nikolskii, 1900) * '' Garra rotundinasus'' E. Zhang, 2006 * '' Garra rufa'' ( Heckel, 1843) (Red garra) * '' Garra rupecula'' (McClelland, 1839) * '' Garra sahilia'' Krupp, 1983 * '' Garra salweenica'' Hora & Mukerji, 1934 * '' Garra sannarensis'' Moritz, Straube & Neumann, 2019 * '' Garra sauvagei'' ( Lortet, 1883) * '' Garra shamal'' Kirchner, Kruckenhauser, Pichler, Borkenhagen & Freyhof, 2020 * '' Garra sharq'' Kirchner, Kruckenhauser, Pichler, Borkenhagen & Freyhof, 2020 * '' Garra simbalbaraensis'' Rath, Shangningam & Kosygin, 2019 * '' Garra sindhi''

Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...

, Geiger & Freyhof, 2016. * '' Garra songbangensis'' V. H. Nguyễn, T.H.N. Vũ & T. D. P. Nguyễn, 2015 * '' Garra spilota'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra stenorhynchus'' Jerdon, 1849 * '' Garra substrictorostris'' Roni & Vishwanath, 2018 * '' Garra surendranathanii'' C. P. Shaji, L. K. Arun & P. S. Easa, 1996 * '' Garra surgifrons'' W. Zhou & C. Sun, 2018 * '' Garra surinbinnani'' Page, Ray, Tongnunui, Boyd & Randall, 2019 * '' Garra tamangi'' Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016 * '' Garra tana'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra tashanensis'' Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016 * '' Garra tengchongensis'' E. Zhang & Y. Y. Chen, 2002 * '' Garra tezuensis'' Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Kh. R. Singh, 2023 * '' Garra tiam'' Zamani-Faradonbe, Keivany, Dorafshan & E. Zhang, 2021 * '' Garra tibanica'' Trewavas, 1941 * '' Garra tibetana'' G. Zheng; S. Q. Deng; J. Wang; H. Z. Lui, 2018 * '' Garra trewavasae'' Monod, 1950 * '' Garra triangularis'' Shangningam, Rath & Kosygin, 2021 * '' Garra trilobata'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 * '' Garra turcica''

Karaman Karaman is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about south of Konya. It is the seat of Karaman Province and Karaman District.Garra typhlops'' ( Bruun & E. W. Kaiser, 1944) (Iran cave barb) * '' Garra ukhrulensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 * '' Garra variabilis'' (Heckel, 1843) (Variable garra) * '' Garra vinciguerrae'' (Boulenger 1901) (Cameroon logsucker) * '' Garra waensis'' Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014 * '' Garra wanae'' ( Regan, 1914) * '' Garra waterloti'' (Pellegrin, 1936) * '' Garra widdowsoni'' (Trewavas, 1955) (Iraq blind barb) * '' Garra yajiangensis'' Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu, 2018 * '' Garra zubzaensis'' Tenali, Shangningam, Bhattacharjee,

Patel Patel is an Indian surname or Indian honorifics, title, predominantly found in the States and union territories of India, state of Gujarat, representing the community of land-owning farmers and later (with the British East India Company) busine ...

& Kosygin, 2024

References

{{Authority control Cyprinidae genera Taxa named by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton Taxonomy articles created by Polbot