, other_name = , settlement_type = Region , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = , mapsize1 = , map_caption1 = , pushpin_map = Iraq , pushpin_label_position = , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Garmiyan in Iraq , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Autonomous Region , subdivision_name1 = , subdivision_type2 =

Governorate A governorate is an administrative division of a state. It is headed by a governor. As English-speaking nations tend to call regions administered by governors either states or provinces, the term ''governorate'' is often used in translation from ...

, subdivision_type3 =

Region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

, subdivision_name2 =

Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah, also spelled as Slemani ( ku, سلێمانی, Silêmanî, ar, السليمانية, as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, not far from the Iran–Iraq border. It is surrounded by the Azmar, ...

, subdivision_name3 = Garmiyan , established_title = , established_date = , established_title2 = , established_date2 = , unit_pref = , area_footnotes = , area_magnitude = , area_total_km2 = , elevation_footnotes = , elevation_m = 231 , elevation_ft = 758 , postal_code = 46021 , timezone =

UTC+3 UTC+03:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:00. In areas using this time offset, the time is three hours later than the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Following the ISO 8601 standard, a time with this offset would be wri ...

, utc_offset = , timezone_DST = Garmian or Garmiyan ( ku, Germiyan - گەرمیان) is a region in the

Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Region ( ku, هەرێمی کوردستان, translit=Herêmî Kurdistan; ar, إقليم كردستان), abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok ...

of Northern

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

, the center of the region is located about (62 km) south of

City and (104 km) east of Kirkuk city and it includes Kalar,

Kifri Kifri ( ar, کفري; ku, کفری, translit=Kifrî; tr, Kifri) is the central town of Kifri District in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. It has a Kurdish majority and a Turkmen and Arab minority. It is administered by Kurdistan Region but remains a ...

and

Chamchamal Chamchamal ( ku, چه‌مچه‌ماڵ, Çemçemal, ar, جمجمال) is a town located in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Controlled by Kurdistan, it is the town which is nearest located to the disputed territories of Northern ...

districts. Kalar is the administrative center of the Garmiyan district. Some historic maps includes Kirkuk and

Daquq Daquq ( ar, داقوق, tr, Dakuk or Tavuk, ku, داقووق, translit=Daqûq,), also known as Daqouq, is the central town of Daquq District in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The town has a Kurdish and Turkmen majority, and Arab minority. It is par ...

to the region of Garmian (Garmaea).

Name

The term (Garmiyan) is a Kurdish word used to denote the hot and dry area in Kurdistan, which describes, indicates and gives information about location and climate.

History

The region was for years primarily a rural one, with villagers herding cattle and involved in agriculture. It is a strategically important region between the oil rich Kirkuk and its proximity to the Iranian border.Mlodoch, Karin (2014).p.168 From the early 1970s onwards, the Baathist Government depopulated the villages along the border to Iran, and resettled their population in collective villages. In mid 1970s the region became a stronghold for the Kurdish resistance under the lead of Nashirwan Mustafa of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and the left-wing militia Komala. They were against the authority of tribal leaders and landowners which were often dispossessed. Their land was then distributed among the poor, rural population.Mlodoch, Karin (2014). p.168 Thus they held significant support in the region and they were able to recruit new members. In March 1987, the region was included in a "prohibited area" and the Iraqi army began to destroy villages and relocate their inhabitants.Mlodoch, Karin (2014). pp.168–169 Villagers who surrendered where sent to collective villages.

Anfal campaign

On the 7 April 1988, the Iraqi security forces launched an attack on the Garmyan region as part of the

Anfal campaign The Anfal campaign; ku, شاڵاوی ئەنفال or the Kurdish genocide was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988, at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted ru ...

.Mlodoch, Karin (2014). p.169 The

army An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...

counted with the support Kurdish so-called Jash units, tanks and helicopters and aimed at detaining the population of villages. They were detained and sent to detention camps such as Topzawa, Dibs or Nugra Salman.Mlodoch, Karin (2014). p.172

Climate

The Garmiyan Region in Southern Kurdistan (Northern Iraq) and is known for having a warm and dry climate, occasionally reaching over 50° Celsius in the summer. It is warmest in July and coldest in January. The temperature rarely reaches below 0° Celsius in the winter. According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, Garmiyan has a

Semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi- ...

(''BSh'').

Notable inhabitants

* Kawa Garmeyani

References