The GAIN domain ( G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) autoproteolysis-inducing domain) is a

protein domain In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's Peptide, polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that Protein folding, folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded Protein tertiary structure, thre ...

found in a number of cell surface receptors, including adhesion-GPCRs and polycystic kidney disease proteins

PKD1 Polycystin 1 (PC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PKD1'' gene. Mutations of ''PKD1'' are associated with most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, a severe hereditary disorder of the kidneys characterised by ...

and

PKD2 Polycystin-2 (PC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PKD2'' gene. The gene ''PKD2'' also known as TRPP2, encodes a member of the polycystin protein family, called TRPP, and contains multiple transmembrane domains, and cytoplasmic N- ...

. The domain is involved in the self-cleavage of these transmembrane receptors, and has been shown to be crucial for their function . Point mutations within the GAIN domain of PKD1 and GPR56 are known to cause polycystic kidney disease and polymicrogyria, respectively.

References

Protein domains Receptors Cell adhesion proteins G protein-coupled receptors Cell signaling Signal transduction {{Transmembranereceptor-stub