Furnos Major
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Furnos was the name of two towns and bishoprics in the
Roman province The Roman provinces (, pl. ) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as Roman g ...
of
Proconsular Africa Africa was a Roman province on the northern coast of the continent of Africa. It was established in 146 BC, following the Roman Republic's conquest of Carthage in the Third Punic War. It roughly comprised the territory of present-day Tunisi ...
(in present-day
Tunisia Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares m ...
). They are referred to as Furnos Maior and Furnos Minor, as now as separate Latin Catholic
titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbi ...
s.


Locations

* The ruins of Furnos Minor are at
Henchir-El-Msaadine Henchir-El-Msaadine is a Roman Empire, Roman Empire era set of ruins near Tebourba(Ancient Thuburbo Minus) in modern Tunisia, North Africa. The site is outside of Tunis. The ruins are tentatively identified as the remains of ''Municipium Aurelium ...
, near
Tebourba Tebourba ( ') is a town in Tunisia, located about 20 miles (30 km) from the capital Tunis, former ancient city ( Thuburbo Minus) and bishopric, now a Latin Catholic titular see. Thuburbo Minus Historically Thuburbo Minus ("Little Thuburbo ...
(Ancient bishopric Thuburbo Minus) in modern
Tunisia Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares m ...
, North Africa * Furnos Maior may have been at what is now Aïn-Fournou or Aïn-Fourna, more distant from
Carthage Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the classic ...
.


History

Each was important enough to become a
suffragan A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations. In the Catholic Church, a suffragan bishop leads a diocese within an ecclesiastical province other than the principal diocese, the metropolitan archdiocese; the diocese led ...
bishopric of the African provincial capital's Metropolitan Archbishop of
Carthage Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the classic ...
. The towns and the bishoprics disappeared after the
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb The conquest of the Maghreb by the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates commenced in 647 and concluded in 709, when the Byzantine Empire lost its last remaining strongholds to Caliph Al-Walid I. The North African campaigns were part of the century ...
, but their dioceses have been revived as
titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbi ...
s.''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ), "Sedi titolari", p. 897 There are records of early bishops of one or other of the two sees. Third-century Geminius died shortly before Saint Cyprian; a Donatist Florentinus attended a conference in 411; and a Simeon was at the
Council of Carthage (525) The Councils of Carthage were church synods held during the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries in the city of Carthage in Africa. The most important of these are described below. Synod of 251 In May 251 a synod, assembled under the presidency of Cyprian ...
. Simeon belonged to Furnos Maior, but it is uncertain of which town the other two were bishops.Siméon Vailhé, "Furni" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 1909)
/ref> Victor of Vita recounts that in the persecution by the
Vandals The Vandals were a Germanic people who were first reported in the written records as inhabitants of what is now Poland, during the period of the Roman Empire. Much later, in the fifth century, a group of Vandals led by kings established Vand ...
of
Genseric Gaiseric ( – 25 January 477), also known as Geiseric or Genseric (; reconstructed Vandalic: ) was king of the Vandals and Alans from 428 to 477. He ruled over a kingdom and played a key role in the decline of the Western Roman Empire during ...
in 430 or 431 Bishop Mansuetus of
Urusi Urusi was a civitas and ancient bishopric, episcopal see of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis in present-day Tunisia. The town flourished from 30BC until 640AD and has been tentatively identified with ruins at Henchir Soudga, () in Siliana ...
was martyred by being burned alive at the gate of Urusi known as the ''Porta Fornitana'', the 'Furnos Gate'.John Moorhead (translator), ''History of the Vandal Persecution''
(Liverpool University Press 1992 ), p. 6


Titular see of Furnos Maior

The diocese was nominally restored as a Latin Catholic
titular bishopric A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbish ...
in 1914 under the name Furnos Majus (or Maius), which was changed to Furni Majus in 1925, Furnos Maior (or Major) in 1929, Fornos Major in 1933, ultimately Furnos Maior again in 1971. It has had the following incumbents, so far of the Episcopal (lowest) rank: * José Anselmo Luque (25 May 1914 – death 5 April 1930) as
Auxiliary Bishop An auxiliary bishop is a bishop assigned to assist the diocesan bishop in meeting the pastoral and administrative needs of the diocese. Auxiliary bishops can also be titular bishops of sees that no longer exist as territorial jurisdictions. ...
of
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(Argentina) (25 May 1914 – 5 April 1930) * Julien-Marie Nouailles,
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of Tahiti Islands (
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) (26 April 1932 – 14 August 1937) * Marcel-Auguste-Marie Grandin,
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(colonial French name of
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(2 May 1928 – 2 December 1937) *
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춘천 (
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) (20 September 1955 – 10 March 1962), also President of Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Korea (1959–1964); later (see promoted) 'first' Bishop of
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춘천 (South Korea) (10 March 1962 – 16 November 1965), emeritus as Titular Bishop of Bocconia (16 November 1965 – death 13 December 1970); previously Apostolic Prefect of Shunsen (future South
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) (1940–1943 and 12 November 1948 – 16 July 1950), see restyled Apostolic Prefect of
Chuncheon Chuncheon (; ; literally ''spring river''), formerly romanized as Ch'unch'ŏn, is the capital of Gangwon Province, South Korea. The city lies in the north of the country, located in a basin formed by the Soyang River and Han River (Korea), Han R ...
춘천 (South Korea) (16 July 1950 – 20 September 1955) * René-Jean-Baptiste-Germain Feuga,
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,
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(O.F.M.) (30 June 1979 – 10 July 1990) as
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of
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(8 July 1992 – 2 February 1995) *
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).


Titular see of Furnos Minor

It was nominally revived as a
titular bishopric A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbish ...
in 1933 and has had the following incumbents, mostly of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank, usually) with an Archiepiscopal exception: *Titular Archbishop
Charles Journet Charles Journet (26 January 1891 – 15 April 1975) was a Swiss Roman Catholic theologian. He was the first Swiss named a cardinal. Journet has been considered a figure of holiness and a candidate for canonisation; he has been accorded the tit ...
(Swiss) (12 February 1965 – 22 February 1965), simultaneously created
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of
S. Maria in Portico Santa Maria in Campitelli or Santa Maria in Portico (''Santa Maria in Portico di Campitelli'') is a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary on the narrow Piazza di Campitelli in Rione Sant'Angelo, Rome, Italy. The church is served by the Clerics Re ...
(25 February 1965 – 5 March 1973); later
Protodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. Ca ...
(10 August 1971 – 5 March 1973), promoted
Cardinal-Priest A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. ...
still of S. Maria in Portico ''pro hac vice'' Title (5 March 1973.03.05 – death 15 April 1975) * Titular Bishop Georges-Louis Mercier,
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(M. Afr.) (11 January 1968 – 13 October 1976) as emeritus, died 1991; previously last
Apostolic Prefect An apostolic prefect or prefect apostolic is a priest who heads what is known as an apostolic prefecture, a 'pre-diocesan' missionary jurisdiction where the Catholic Church is not yet sufficiently developed to have it made a diocese. Although it ...
of Ghardaïa nel Sahara (French
Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...
) (1941 – 10 June 1948), (see) promoted only
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of Ghardaïa nel Sahara (Algeria) (10 June 1948 – 14 September 1955) and Titular Bishop of
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(21 June 1948 – 14 September 1955), (see) promoted again first Bishop of
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(Algeria) (14 September 1955 – 11 January 1968) * Titular Bishop
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(16 April 1977 – 30 June 1992) as
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of Archdiocese of Milan(o) (Italy) (16 April 1977 – 11 February 1987), later Bishop of
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(Italy) (30 June 1992 – 18 September 1997), Vice-President of Council of European Bishops’ Conferences (2000–2002), Member of the
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(2002? – 16 February 2013),
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(1 October 2002 – 21 October 2003), President of the
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(1 October 2002 – 7 July 2011), created
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of
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(21 October 2003 3 December 2003– 12 June 2014),
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for the
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s of St. Francis and St. Mary of the Angels, both in
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(21 February 2006 – ...), President of the papal
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(19 January 2011 – 30 January 2014), promoted
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of
S. Filippo Neri in Eurosia S is the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet. S may also refer to: History * an Anglo-Saxon charter's number in Peter Sawyer (historian), Peter Sawyer's, catalogue Language and linguistics * Long s (ſ), a form of the lower-case letter ...
''pro hac vice'' Title (12 June 2014 – death 22 April 2017), Member of the
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(21 January 2015 – 22 April 2017) * Titular Bishop Henryk Marian Tomasik (21 November 1992 – 16 October 2009) as Auxiliary Bishop of
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(Poland) (21 November 1992 – 16 October 2009); later Bishop of
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(Poland) (16 October 2009 – ...) * Titular Bishop
William Terrence McGrattan William Terrence McGrattan (born 19 September 1956) is the eighth and current bishop of the Diocese of Calgary. He was an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Toronto and titular bishop of Furnos Minor before being appointed Bishop of the ...
(6 November 2009 – 8 April 2014) as Auxiliary Bishop of
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(Ontario,
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) (6 November 2009 – 8 April 2014); later Bishop of
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(Canada) (8 April 2014 – 4 January 2017), Bishop of
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(Canada) (4 January 2017 – ...) * Titular Bishop
Ernesto Maguengue Ernesto Maguengue (born 2 August 1964) is a Mozambican Roman Catholic prelate, who is the Auxiliary Bishop of Nampula. He was ordained as a priest on 14 May 1989 in Maputo. On 24 June 2004 he was appointed Bishop of Pemba, which came into effect ...
(6 August 2014 – ...), as
Auxiliary Bishop An auxiliary bishop is a bishop assigned to assist the diocesan bishop in meeting the pastoral and administrative needs of the diocese. Auxiliary bishops can also be titular bishops of sees that no longer exist as territorial jurisdictions. ...
of Archdiocese of Nampula (
Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...
) and
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of the same Nampula (25 July 2016 – 11 April 2017); previously Bishop of Pemba (Mozambique) (24 June 2004 – 27 October 2012).


See also

*
List of Catholic dioceses in Tunisia A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but ...


References

{{Reflist


Sources and external links


GigaCatholic Furnos Maior, with titular incumbent biography links


; Bibliography * Stefano Antonio Morcelli, ''Africa christiana'', Volume I, Brescia 1816, pp. 162–163 * J. Mesnage, ''L'Afrique chrétienne'', Paris 1912, p. 122 * Duval Noël, ''L'évêque et la cathédrale en Afrique du Nord'', in ''Actes du XIe congrès international d'archéologie chrétienne, École Française de Rome'', 1989, p. 395 Roman towns and cities in Africa (Roman province) Catholic titular sees in Africa