A tank truck, gas truck, fuel truck, or tanker truck (

American English American English, sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of variety (linguistics), varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the Languages of the United States, most widely spoken lan ...

) or tanker ( British English) is a

motor vehicle A motor vehicle, also known as motorized vehicle or automotive vehicle, is a self-propelled land vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate on Track (rail transport), rails (such as trains or trams) and is used for the transportation of pe ...

designed to carry

liquid A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, a ...

s or gases on roads. The largest such vehicles are similar to railroad tank cars, which are also designed to carry liquid loads. Many variants exist due to the wide variety of liquids that can be transported. Tank trucks tend to be large; they may be insulated or non-insulated; pressurized or non-pressurized; and designed for single or multiple loads (often by means of internal divisions in their tank). Some are semi-trailer trucks. They are difficult to drive and highly susceptible to

rollover Rollover or roll over may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Rollover'' (film), a 1981 American political thriller *''Roll Over'', a 1992 album by Hound Dog * "Roll Over", a 2006 song by Zico Chain * "Roll Over", a 1989 song by Steven Wayne ...

due to their high center of gravity, and potentially the free surface effect of liquids sloshing in a partially filled tank.

History

SLNSW 14089 1151 Botany Rd Mascot taken for LJ Hooker Ltd

Oil

Prior to tank distribution, oil was delivered in cans. From the 1880s, it was distributed in horse-drawn tanks. In 1910,

Standard Oil Standard Oil Company, Inc., was an American oil production, transportation, refining, and marketing company that operated from 1870 to 1911. At its height, Standard Oil was the largest petroleum company in the world, and its success made its co-f ...

started using motor tankers. Anglo American Oil introduced underground tanks and delivery tankers to the UK in 1920. Pickfords took over an oil tanker company in 1921 and soon had tankers, with by the mid 1930s. Elsewhere, development was slower. For example, the first petrol tanker () from Auckland to arrive in Hamilton, New Zealand, was greeted by a brass band in 1927.

Size and volume

Tank trucks are described by their size or volume capacity. Large trucks typically have capacities ranging from . In Australia, road trains up to four trailers in length (known as Quad tankers) carry loads in excess of . Longer road trains transporting liquids are also in use. A tank truck is distinguished by its shape, usually a cylindrical tank upon the vehicle lying horizontally. Some less visible distinctions amongst tank trucks have to do with their intended use: compliance with human food regulations, refrigeration capability, acid resistance, pressurization capability, and more. The tanks themselves will almost always contain multiple compartments or baffles to prevent load movement destabilizing the vehicle.

Common large tank trucks

Large tank trucks are used for example to transport gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum or natural gas to filling stations. They also transport a wide variety of liquid goods such as liquid sugar,

molasses Molasses () is a viscous substance resulting from refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar. Molasses varies in the amount of sugar, method of extraction and age of the plant. Sugarcane molasses is primarily used to sweeten and flavour foods ...

, milk, wine, juices, water, and industrial chemicals. Tank trucks are constructed of various materials depending on what products they are hauling. These materials include aluminum,

carbon steel Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content from about 0.05 up to 2.1 percent by weight. The definition of carbon steel from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states: * no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt ...

stainless steel Stainless steel is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains at least 11% chromium and may contain elements such as carbon, other nonmetals and metals to obtain other desired properties. Stainless steel's corros ...

, and

fiberglass-reinforced plastic Fiberglass (American English) or fibreglass ( Commonwealth English) is a common type of fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber. The fibers may be randomly arranged, flattened into a sheet called a chopped strand mat, or woven into glass c ...

(FRP). Some tank trucks are able to carry multiple products at once due to compartmentalization of the tank into 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or, in some rare cases, more tank compartments. This allows for an increased number of delivery options. These trucks are commonly used to carry different grades of gasoline to service stations to carry all products needed in one trip.

Common small tank trucks

Smaller tank trucks with a capacity under are typically used to deal with light liquid cargo within a local community. A common example is vacuum truck used to empty several septic tanks and then deliver the collected fecal sludge to a treatment site. These tank trucks typically have a maximum capacity of . They are equipped with a pumping system to serve their particular need. Another common use is to deliver fuel such as liquified petroleum gas (LPG) to households, businesses, and industries. The smallest of these trucks usually carry about of LPG under pressure. Typically, LPG tank trucks carry up to 3,499 US gallons of product (usually liquid propane), on a 2-axle bobtail truck. 3,500 US gallons (13,200 L; 2,900 imp gal) and greater requires a 3-axle truck (tank wagon). Some companies use lightweight steel to carry more gallons on single-axle trucks. Notably, one U.S. manufacturer has built a 3,700 gallon tank truck, fitting it on a single axle. Tank trucks are also used to fuel aircraft at airports.

Gallery

File:International WorkStar Sewer vacuum truck.jpg, Sewer vacuum truck File:KamAZ-based asphalter truck during Długa street reconstruction in Kraków (1).jpg, Asphalt tank truck File:WERKLUST bulk cement strooier photo2.jpg, Cement tank truck File:Tine truck.jpg, Stainless steel milk truck File:Kstovo - milk truck - DSCF6995.JPG, Milk sold from a tank truck File:Blokové čištění Třebíč, cisterna LIAZ 2.jpg, Street cleaner File:Water tank truck.jpg, Watering of plants from a tank truck File:Chemical tank truck Dresden.jpg, Compressed gas tank truck File:Renault Premium 320 DCI, Bombeiros Seia, Unit 0910 VTTU 01 pic1.JPG, Firefighting water tender File:Loves Freightliner tanker truck, southern Oklahoma.jpg,

Tank trailer A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. In the United States, the term is also used to refer to the combination of a truck and a semi-trailer; a tractor-trailer. A large proportion of a semi-trailer's weight is supported by a tra ...

File:B double yass truck stop.JPG, B double tanker File:Road Train Australia.jpg, Road train File:Tanker Truck Model.png, A model of an Oil Tank Truck

References

External links

Driving Tank Trucks for a Living
{{Fuel Transport Petroleum transport Fuel containers Milk transport