Fromanvirus
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''Fromanvirus'' (synonyms ''L5-like viruses'', ''L5-like phages'', ''L5likevirus'') is a genus of
virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are ...
es in the class ''
Caudoviricetes ''Caudoviricetes'' is a class of viruses known as tailed viruses and head-tail viruses (''cauda'' is Latin for "tail"). It is the sole representative of its own phylum, ''Uroviricota'' (from ''ouros'' (ουρος), a Greek word for "tailed" + ...
'', unassigned to a family. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 39 species in this genus.


Taxonomy

The following species are recognized: * '' Fromanvirus alma'' * '' Fromanvirus astro'' * '' Fromanvirus bethlehem'' * '' Fromanvirus billknuckles'' * '' Fromanvirus bpbiebs31'' * '' Fromanvirus bruns'' * '' Fromanvirus Bxb1'' * '' Fromanvirus Che12'' * '' Fromanvirus D29'' * '' Fromanvirus doom'' * '' Fromanvirus euphoria'' * '' Fromanvirus george'' * '' Fromanvirus goose'' * '' Fromanvirus jasper'' * '' Fromanvirus JC27'' * '' Fromanvirus KBG'' * '' Fromanvirus kssjeb'' * '' Fromanvirus kugel'' * '' Fromanvirus L5'' * '' Fromanvirus lesedi'' * '' Fromanvirus lockley'' * '' Fromanvirus marcell'' * '' Fromanvirus mrgordo'' * '' Fromanvirus museum'' * '' Fromanvirus nepal'' * '' Fromanvirus packman'' * '' Fromanvirus perseus'' * '' Fromanvirus rebeuca'' * '' Fromanvirus redrock'' * '' Fromanvirus ridgecb'' * '' Fromanvirus saintus'' * '' Fromanvirus skipole'' * '' Fromanvirus solon'' * '' Fromanvirus switzer'' * '' Fromanvirus SWU1'' * '' Fromanvirus trixie'' * '' Fromanvirus twister'' * '' Fromanvirus U2'' * '' Fromanvirus violet''


Structure

Fromanviruses are
nonenveloped A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the env ...
, with a head and tail. The icosahedral head is about 60 nm in diameter, with covalently linked capsid proteins. The tail is long and flexible, at about 135 nm long, 8 nm wide, and has a terminal knob with one short tail fiber.


Genome

Bxb1, D29, and L5 and have been fully sequenced. They range between 49k and 53k nucleotides, with 79 to 90 proteins. Their complete genomes, and the genomes of many other species and unclassified viruses, are available via NCBI.


Life cycle

The virus attaches to the host cell's adhesion receptors using its terminal fiber, and ejects the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm vi
long flexible tail ejection system
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.


History

According to ICTV'
1996
report, the genus ''L5likevirus'' was first accepted under the name ''L5-like phages'', assigned only to family ''
Siphoviridae ''Siphoviridae'' was a family of double-stranded DNA viruses in the order '' Caudovirales''. The family ''Siphoviridae'' and order '' Caudovirales'' have now been abolished, with the term siphovirus now used to refer to the morphology of viruses ...
''. The whole family was moved to the newly created order ''
Caudovirales ''Caudoviricetes'' is a class of viruses known as tailed viruses and head-tail viruses (''cauda'' is Latin for "tail"). It is the sole representative of its own phylum, ''Uroviricota'' (from ''ouros'' (ουρος), a Greek word for "tailed" + ...
'' in 1998, and the genus was renamed to ''L5-like viruses'' in ICTV'
seventh report
in 1999. I
2012
the genus was renamed again, this time to ''L5likevirus''. The genus was later renamed to ''Fromanvirus''.


References


External links




ICTV
{{Use dmy dates, date=April 2017 Siphoviridae Virus genera