The Collegium Fridericianum (also known as the Friedrichskolleg, Friedrichskollegium, and Friedrichs-Kollegium) was a prestigious gymnasium in

Königsberg Königsberg (; ; ; ; ; ; , ) is the historic Germany, German and Prussian name of the city now called Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussians, Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teuton ...

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

. Alumni were known as ''Friderizianer''.Gause, p. 716

History

Postcard ca. 1930

18th century

Using the Francke school of

Halle (Saale) Halle (Saale), or simply Halle (), is the second largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is the sixth-most populous city in the area of former East Germany after (East Berlin, East) Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden, Chem ...

as a model, Theodor Gehr (died 1705), an official of Brandenburg-Prussia, founded a

Pietist Pietism (), also known as Pietistic Lutheranism, is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with an emphasis on individual piety and living a holy Christianity, Christian life. Although the movement is ali ...

private school in Sackheim on 11 August 1698.Wiese, p. 151 It became a royal school of

Frederick I Frederick I or Friedrich I may refer to: * Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht. * Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978) * Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105) * Frederick I ...

King in Prussia King ''in'' Prussia (German language, German: ''König in Preußen'') was a title used by the Prussian kings (also in personal union Elector of Brandenburg, Electors of Brandenburg) from 1701 to 1772. Subsequently, they used the title King ''of' ...

, on 4 March 1701.Armstedt, p. 119 For 16,000 guilder in 1703, it acquired the hall of Obermarschall von Creytzen on Collegiengasse in eastern

Löbenicht View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche Löbenicht (; ) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest of the three towns that com ...

Albinus, p. 90 and was designated the Collegium Fridericianum or Friedrichskolleg in honor of Frederick on 10 May. The Pietist school was the first in Königsberg not to be affiliated with a parish church. The school's first director in 1702 was Heinrich Lysius (1670-1731) of

Flensburg Flensburg (; Danish language, Danish and ; ; ) is an independent city, independent town in the far north of the Germany, German state of Schleswig-Holstein. After Kiel and Lübeck, it is the third-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg's ...

, pastor of Löbenicht Church. The school received an organ built by

Johann Josua Mosengel Johann Josua Mosengel (September 16, 1663 – January 18, 1731) was a German pipe organ builder. Born in 1663 in either Stolzenau or in Eisenach. He created his first independent work in 1695 in Hanover. He then went to Königsberg, Prussia, in 16 ...

in 1707. The Collegium was admired by King

Frederick William I of Prussia Frederick William I (; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the Soldier King (), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuchâtel. Born in Berlin, he was raised by the Hugu ...

; in a decree on 25 October 1735 the king mentioned the school as an example for other schools in Prussia. Over 50

Baltic German Baltic Germans ( or , later ) are Germans, ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950), their resettlement in 1945 after the end ...

students went to the school before attending university in the 18th century.

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German Philosophy, philosopher and one of the central Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works ...

began attending the school in 1732, while

Johann Gottfried Herder Johann Gottfried von Herder ( ; ; 25 August 174418 December 1803) was a Prussian philosopher, theologian, pastor, poet, and literary critic. Herder is associated with the Age of Enlightenment, ''Sturm und Drang'', and Weimar Classicism. He wa ...

taught there from 1763 to 1764. The school consisted of a

Latin school The Latin school was the grammar school of 14th- to 19th-century Europe, though the latter term was much more common in England. Other terms used include Lateinschule in Germany, or later Gymnasium. Latin schools were also established in Colon ...

, a German school, and a boarding school often used by foreign students. It also contained a wooden tower utilized as an observatory and a small church in service until 1853.

19th century

The Collegium was elevated to a gymnasium on 4 September 1810, the first in Prussia, under the direction of Friedrich August Gotthold. The school had three teachers and eighteen

Abitur ''Abitur'' (), often shortened colloquially to ''Abi'', is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen year ...

students volunteer during the

War of the Sixth Coalition In the War of the Sixth Coalition () (December 1812 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation (), a coalition of Austrian Empire, Austria, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, Russian Empire, Russia, History of Spain (1808– ...

in 1813, with ten dying during the fighting, including three at Großgörschen. Eight representatives of the 1848

Frankfurt Parliament The Frankfurt National Assembly () was the first freely elected parliament for all German Confederation, German states, including the German-populated areas of the Austrian Empire, elected on 1 May 1848 (see German federal election, 1848). The ...

were ''Friderizianer'':

Eduard von Simson Martin Sigismund Eduard von Simson (10 November 1810 – 2 May 1899) was a German jurist and distinguished liberal politician of the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, who served as President of the Frankfurt Parliament as well as the first Pr ...

Georg Bernhard Simson Georg may refer to: * ''Georg'' (film), 1997 *Georg (musical), Estonian musical * Georg (given name) * Georg (surname) * , a Kriegsmarine coastal tanker * Spiders Georg, an Internet meme See also * George (disambiguation) George may refer to: ...

Friedrich Wilhelm Schubert Friedrich Wilhelm Schubert (20 May 1799 in Königsberg – 21 July 1868 in Königsberg) was a German historian. He studied at the universities of Königsberg and Berlin, becoming an associate professor at Königsberg in 1823. In 1826 he was named ...

Ludwig Wilhelm zu Dohna-Lauck Ludwig may refer to: People and fictional characters * Ludwig (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Ludwig (surname), including a list of people * Ludwig von Koopa, a character in Mario (the game) Arts and entertai ...

Johann August Muttray Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name '' Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" ...

Gustav von Saltzwedel Gustav Reinhold Ludwig von Wienskowski gen. von Saltzwedel (28 April 1808 – 19 June 1897) was a Prussian politician and public official. Biography Saltzwedel was born to ''Reinhold von Wienskowski'' (1780–1863) and Johanna ''née'' von Sal ...

, Anton von Wegnern, and Johann Jacoby. The gymnasium's building was dismantled and rebuilt in 1853, with the new structure dedicated on 17 October 1855. In 1858 the 36,000 volume library of Director Friedrich August Gotthold was donated to the Royal and University Library. The gymnasium counted 508 students in 1865. During the

Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 Janua ...

the school's volunteers included two teachers and nine students, all of whom survived the war. In 1890 the Prussian government acquired the property of the stately Groß Jägerhof on Jägerhofstraße between Königstraße and Vorder-Roßgarten. The school moved into this new property, which was remodeled by Ernst von Ihne and dedicated in 1893. The Collegium's former location on Collegiengasse was later used by the Burgschule. The teacher Gustav Zippel began a history of the Friedrichskollegium to commemorate its bicentennial in 1898.

20th century

In 1901 the Friedrichskollegium consisted of 32 teachers and 845 students; it was the largest school in Königsberg prior to

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. By 1902 its faculty library consisted of 9,000 volumes and its student library had 1,200 volumes.Wiese, p. 152 Upon the outbreak of war in 1914, 20 teachers and 139 students volunteered for service, with hundreds following during the course of the war. Casualties included three teachers and fifty students. The gymnasium was destroyed during the 1944

Bombing of Königsberg in World War II The bombing of Königsberg was a series of attacks made on the city of Königsberg in East Prussia during World War II. The Soviet Air Force had made several raids on the city since 1941. Extensive attacks carried out by RAF Bomber Command de ...

, with interim classes ceasing in January 1945. At least 160 representatives of the school had been killed during the war or in its aftermath by 1948. The Landfermann-Gymnasium of

Duisburg Duisburg (; , ) is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Lying on the confluence of the Rhine (Lower Rhine) and the Ruhr (river), Ruhr rivers in the center of the Rhine-Ruh ...

has sponsored the traditions of the former Friedrichskollegium through several endowments since 28 May 1955.

Notable people

Directors

* Heinrich Lysius (1670-1731), from 1702 to 1731 * Georg Friedrich Rogall (1701-1733), from 1731 to 1733 * Franz Albert Schultz (1692-1763), from 1733 to 1763 * Friedrich August Gotthold (1778-1858), from 1810 to 1852 * Johannes Horkel (1820-1861), from 1852 to 1860 * Theodor Adler, from 1861 to 1863 * Gustav Heinrich Wagner (1820–1878), from 1863 * Albert Lehnerdt (1827–1897) * Georg Ellendt (1840–1908), from 1891 to 1908 * Paul Glogau, from 1908 to 1913 * Alfred Rausch (1858-1939), from 1913 to 1923 * Bruno Schumacher (1879-1957), from 1934 to 1945

Teachers

* Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold (1799-1858), historian * Johann Wilhelm Ebel (1784-1861), theologian * Xaver von Hasenkamp (1826-1911), editor of the '' Königsberger Hartungsche Zeitung'' *

(1744-1803), philosopher *

Heinrich Otto Hoffmann Heinrich may refer to: People * Heinrich (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Heinrich (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) *Hetty (given name), a given name (including a list of peo ...

(1816-1893), mathematician *

Karl Lachmann Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (; 4 March 1793 – 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic. He is particularly noted for his foundational contributions to the field of textual criticism. Biography Lachmann was born in Brunsw ...

(1793-1851), philologist * Karl Marold (1850-1909), Germanist *

Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (; ) (July 19, 1764 – June 3, 1855) was a Protestant pastor, writer, philosopher, distinguished linguist, and translator. Mrongovius was a noted defender of the Polish language in Warmia and Mazury. Biograph ...

(1764-1855), translator * Otto Schöndorffer (1887-1926), philologist * Ernst Gustav Zaddach (1817-1880), zoologist * Hugo Albert Nehrenheim, teacher

Students

* Paul Adloff (1870-1944), dentist and anthropologist * Adolf von Batocki (1868-1944), Governor of East Prussia * Hermann Bobrik (1814-1845), historian and geographer * Karl Böttcher (1838-1900), philologist and director of the Burgschule * Franz Brandstäter (1815-1883), philologist * Friedrich Reinhold Dietz (1805-1836), philologist * Friedrich Dewischeit (1805-1884), poet *

(1805-1895), politician * Traugott Fedtke (1909-1988), organist and composer * Fritz Gause (1893-1973), historian * Klaus von der Groeben (1902-2002), jurist * Karl Haffner (1804-1876), dramatist * Theophil Herbst (1806-1868), philologist *

David Hilbert David Hilbert (; ; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time. Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental idea ...

(1862-1943), mathematician * Hermann Theodor Hoffmann (1836-1902), lord mayor of Königsberg from 1893 to 1902 * Johann Jacoby (1805-1877), politician *

(1724-1804), philosopher * Friedrich Julius Kieschke (1819-1895), lord mayor of Königsberg from 1867 to 1872 * Gustav Kordgien (1838-1907), professor * Hans Kramer (1896-1982), forester * Georg David Kypke (1724-1779), Orientalist * Georg Lejeune-Dirichlet (1858-1920), pedagogue * August Lilienthal (1814-1852), philologist * Hugo Linck (1890-1976), pastor in Königsberg until 1948 *

Fritz Albert Lipmann Fritz Albert Lipmann (; June 12, 1899 – July 24, 1986) was a German-American biochemist and a co-discoverer in 1945 of coenzyme A. For this, together with other research on coenzyme A, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in ...

(1899-1986), biochemist and Nobel Prize recipient * Hans Lullies (1898-1982), physiologist * Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer (1753-1823), philologist * Johann Heinrich Daniel Moldenhawer (1709-1790), theologian * Ernst Mollmann (1850-1939), philologist *

Herbert Meinhard Mühlpfordt Herbert Meinhard Mühlpfordt (31 March 1893 – 9 October 1982) was a German internist, art historian, and cultural historian. Life Mühlpfordt was born in Königsberg, East Prussia, to dentist Meinhard Mühlpfordt and Clara Mühlpfordt (''n� ...

(1893-1902), historian * Bernhard Mrowka (1907-1973), physicist *

(1808-1872), physician * Ludwig Passarge (1825-1912), writer * Siegfried Passarge (1866-1958), geographer * Reinhold Rehs (1901-1971), politician * Albert Reusch (1816-1892), philologist *

David Ruhnken David Ruhnken (2 January 172314 May 1798) was a Dutch classical scholar of German origin. Origins Ruhnken was born in Bedlin (today Bydlino) near Stolp, Pomerania Province, (today Słupsk, Poland). After he had attended Latin school at Köni ...

(1723-1798), classicist * Johann Georg Rosenhain (1816-1887), mathematician * Otto Saro (1818-1888), prosecutor and politician *

(1808-1897), politician *

Dietrich von Saucken Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Kasimir Dietrich von Saucken (16 May 1892 – 27 September 1980) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 2nd Army and the Army East Prussia. Turning down an offer to escape by air, he surrendered t ...

(1892–1980), general * Alexander Schmidt (1816-1887), philologist *

Friedrich Ludwig Schröder Friedrich Ludwig Schröder (3 November 1744 – 3 September 1816) was a German actor, Actor-manager, manager, dramatist and prominent freemasonry, masonic leader. He was born in Schwerin. Shortly after his birth, his mother, Sophie Charl ...

(1744-1816), actor *

(1799-1868), historian *

(1810-1899), politician *

(1817-1897), politician * Siegfried Thomaschki (1894-1967), artillery general * Siegfried von der Trenck (1882-1951), writer * Ernst Wilhelm Wagner (1857-1927), director of the Wilhelmsgymnasium * Anton von Wegnern (1809-1891), politician * Albert Zweck (1857-1934), geographer

Notes

References

* * * *

External links

Landfermann-Gymnasium
{{Authority control 1698 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1944 disestablishments in Germany Buildings and structures in Germany destroyed during World War II Educational institutions established in the 1690s Educational institutions disestablished in 1944 Education in Königsberg Former buildings and structures in Königsberg Gymnasiums in Germany