French frigate Magicienne (1778)

''Magicienne'' was a frigate of the French Navy, lead ship of her class. The British captured her in 1781 and she served with the Royal Navy until her crew burned her in 1810 to prevent her capture after she grounded at Isle de France (now Mauritius). During her service with the Royal Navy she captured several privateers and participated in the Battle of San Domingo.

French service and capture

''Magicienne'' was built to a design by Joseph-Marie-Blaise Coulomb at Toulon. She was the first of 12 vessels built to her design.

She served in Orvilliers' fleet under Chevalier de Boades, and later under Captain Janvre de la Bouchetière captured her on 2 September 1781 off Cape Ann. In the action the French lost 60 men killed and 40 wounded, including Ensign Dethan killed and La Bouchetière wounded ; the British lost one man killed and one man wounded. She was described as being of 800 tons, 36 guns and 280 men.

A prize crew took her to Halifax, where she was recommissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS ''Magicienne'' under Thomas Graves, on the North America station. He then sailed her to Jamaica in December.

British service

On 15 July 1782, ''Magicienne'' and captured three French merchant vessels carrying sugar from Martinique to Europe. These were the ship ''Tea Bloom'', the snow ''Balmboom'', and the brig ''Juno''. ''Juno'' was also carrying rum.

On 2 January 1783, ''Magicienne'' met the . The ships fought inconclusively, reducing each other to wrecks before parting. In September 1783 ''Magicienne'' was paid off and fitted for ordinary at Chatham on 30 October.

French Revolutionary Wars

HMS ''Magicienne'' participated in the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). The ship was substantially refitted at the shipyard of J. Graham, in Harwich being relaunched on Monday 18 January 1793, an event celebrated with a ball held at the Three Cups, Harwich.

On 29 April 1796 ''Magicienne'' was in company with , , , , , and , when ''Acquilon'' captured ''Mary''.

On 1 November 1796, ''Magicienne'', under the command of Captain William Henry Ricketts, captured the French brig ''Cerf Volant'', (''enseigne de vaisseau'' Camau), off San Domingo. ''Cerf Volant'' was flying a flag of truce and had on board a midshipman and several British seamen, prisoners from , to give the appearance that ''Cerf Volant'' was a cartel. She was carrying delegates from the Southern Department of St. Domingo to the French Legislature, and hidden dispatches for the Directory General, that a search the next day uncovered. The hidden dispatches violated the truce flag and made ''Cerf Volant'' a legitimate prize. The search also uncovered a box of money. Though ''Cerf-Volant'' was only three years old, the Royal Navy did not take her into service.

In early 1797, ''Magicienne'' captured two privateers named ''Poisson Volant''. One was armed with 12 guns and had a crew of 80 men, and the other was armed with five guns and had a crew of 50 men. One was captured on 13 January, and the other on 16 February. Bounty bills (head money) was paid in September 1827. A later account narrates that ''Poisson Volant'' was a Dutch privateer, out of Curacao, and that ''Magicienne'' sent her into Jamaica to be condemned as a prize.

In late 1797 or early 1798, ''Magicienne'', the troopship , and the brig-sloop captured the French privateer ''Brutus'', of nine guns.

After the crew of mutinied and murdered her captain, Hugh Pigot, in 1797, ''Magicienne'' was involved in the efforts to capture the mutineers and bring them to trial.

On 23 November 1800 Captain Sir Richard Strachan in chased a French convoy in to the Morbihan, where it sheltered under the protection of shore batteries and a 24-gun corvette. ''Magicienne'' was able to force the corvette ''Réolaise'' onto the shore at Port Navalo. The hired armed cutters ''Suworow'', ''Nile'' and ''Lurcher'' then towed in four boats with a cutting-out party of seamen and marines from ''Captain'' and ''Magicienne''. Although the cutting-out party landed under heavy grape and small arms fire, it was able to set the corvette on fire; shortly thereafter ''Réolaise'' blew up. Only one British seaman, a crewman from ''Suworow'', was killed. However, ''Suworow's'' sails and rigging were so badly cut up that ''Captain'' had to tow her.

On 20 January 1801, ''Magicienne'', with in sight, captured in the Channel the French letter of marque , which was returning from Mauritius with a highly valuable cargo of ivory, cochineal, indigo, tea, sugar, pepper, cinnamon, ebony, etc. Ogilvy described her as a "remarkable fine Ship, fails well, is pierced for Twenty Guns, had Eighteen mounted, but threw them all overboard except Four during the Chace; I think her a Vessel well calculated for His Majesty's Service." The Navy ignored his recommendation.

Napoleonic Wars

On 24 July 1804 , while in company with ''Magicienne'', captured ''Agnela''.

Early in March 1805, ''Magicienne'' and sent two boats each, under the command of Lieutenant John Kelly Tudor of ''Reindeer'', to cut out a 4-gun schooner from under a battery in Aguadilla Bay, Puerto Rico.

In 1806, while under the command of Captain Adam Mackenzie, she cruised in the Caribbean. On 25 January 1806, ''Magicienne'' was in company with ''Penguin'' in the Mona Passage when ''Magicienne'' captured the Spanish packet ship ''Carmen'' after a chase of 12 hours. ''Carmen'' was pierced for 14 guns but carrying only two, and had a crew of 18 men under the command of an officer of the same rank as a commander in the British Navy.

''Magicienne'' joined John Thomas Duckworth's squadron on 5 February, which led to her taking part in the Battle of San Domingo. Duckworth sent ''Magicienne'' and to reconnoitre, and it was they that signaled that the French were at anchor, but getting under way. Duckworth formed up the smaller ships, ''Acasta'', ''Magicienne'', and , windward of the line-of-battle ships to keep them out of the action.

forced the surrender of the ''Brave'' and directed ''Acasta'' to take possession of her, whilst the ''Donegal'' moved on to engage the other French ships. ''Brave'' was one of the three that the British captured, the other two being the ''Jupiter'' and the ''Alexandre''. Their captains drove two French ships, the flagship, ''Impérial'', and the , on shore between Nizao and Point Catalan, their hulls broadside to the beach and their bottoms stove in by the reefs that lay offshore, to prevent their capture.

On 8 February Duckworth sent boats from ''Acasta'' and ''Magicienne'' to the wrecks. Boarding unopposed, the boat parties removed the remaining French crewmen as prisoners and set both ships on fire. Lastly, in 1847 the Admiralty awarded the surviving claimants from the action the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "St. Domingo".

On 18 August ''Magicienne'' was in company with ''Penguin'', , and as they escorted a fleet of 109 merchantmen from Jamaica to Britain. The convoy cleared the Gulf of Florida. On 10 August a Spanish ship-of-the-line approached but ''Veteran'' and ''Magicienne'' chased her into Havana."Historical Affairs", ''Scots Magazine'' (1806), Vol. 68, p.796. Between 19 and 23 August the convoy ran into a gale that did not fully abate until 25 August. Initial reports had nine vessels foundering, with the crew of some being saved;''Lloyd's List'', no. 4088.
/ref> later reports put the loss at 13 merchant vessels foundered and two abandoned but later salvaged. ''Franchise'' lost her fore-mast and main-top-mast but together with ''Penguin'' managed to bring 71 merchant vessels back to England. (Others arrived earlier or later, and some went to America.)''Naval chronicle'', Vol. 16, p.341/ ''Magicienne'', however, was so badly damaged that she had to put in at Bermuda for repairs.

In December 1809, ''Magicienne'' served in the Indian Ocean. During the Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811, the French Navy captured the East Indiaman