''Flourensia'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of flowering plants in the family

Asteraceae Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchi ...

. It contains subshrubs and shrubs, which are commonly known as tarworts. They are found in the

southwestern United States The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural list of regions of the United States, region of the United States that includes Arizona and New Mexico, along with adjacen ...

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

, and central

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

(Bolivia and northern Argentina). The genus name honours French physiologist Jean Pierre Flourens (1794–1867). Phylogenetic studies found that the genus as previously circumscribed was

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...

, and in 2023 many of the South American species were placed in the new genus ''

Austroflourensia ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

''.Freire SE, Ospina JC, Aagesen L, Espinar LA, Panero JL, Scataglini MA. Unraveling Polyphyly in ''Flourensia'' (Asteraceae, Heliantheae, Enceliinae) and the Establishment of a New Genus ''Austroflourensia''. ''An Acad Bras Cienc.'' 2023 Feb 17;95(2):e20191135. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202320191135. PMID: 36820759.

Species

20 species are currently accepted.Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist search for ''Flourensia''
/ref> * '' Flourensia blakeana'' M.O.Dillon – Argentina ( Tucuman, Catamarca) * '' Flourensia campestris'' Griseb. – Argentina (

La Rioja La Rioja () is an autonomous communities in Spain, autonomous community and provinces of Spain, province in Spain, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Its capital is Logroño. Other List of municipalities in La Rioja, cities and towns in the ...

San Juan San Juan, Spanish for Saint John (disambiguation), Saint John, most commonly refers to: * San Juan, Puerto Rico * San Juan, Argentina * San Juan, Metro Manila, a highly urbanized city in the Philippines San Juan may also refer to: Places Arge ...

Santiago del Estero Santiago del Estero (, Spanish for ''Saint-James-Upon-The-Lagoon'') is the capital of Santiago del Estero Province in northern Argentina. It has a population of 252,192 inhabitants, () making it the twelfth largest city in the country, with a sur ...

, Catamarca) * '' Flourensia cernua'' DC. – American tarwort, tarbush - Chihuahua,

Coahuila Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. The largest city and State Capital is the city of Saltillo; the second largest is Torreón and the thi ...

, USA (

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

New Mexico New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

) * '' Flourensia collodes'' (Greenm.) S.F.Blake –

Chiapas Chiapas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas, is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises Municipalities of Chiapas, 124 municipalities and its capital and large ...

Oaxaca Oaxaca, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca, is one of the 32 states that compose the political divisions of Mexico, Federative Entities of the Mexico, United Mexican States. It is divided into municipalities of Oaxaca, 570 munici ...

* '' Flourensia dentata'' S.F.Blake –

Zacatecas Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Zacatecas, 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas City, Zacatec ...

* '' Flourensia glutinosa'' -

and

Puebla Puebla, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla, is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its capital is Puebla City. Part of east-centr ...

* '' Flourensia hirta'' S.F.Blake – Argentina (

, Catamarca) * '' Flourensia ilicifolia'' Brandegee –

* '' Flourensia laurifolia'' DC. –

San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí. It ...

Tamaulipas Tamaulipas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas, is a state in Mexico; one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 43 municipalities. It is located in nor ...

Hidalgo Hidalgo may refer to: People * Hidalgo (nobility), members of the Spanish nobility * Hidalgo (surname) Places Mexico :''Most, if not all, named for Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753–1811)'' * Hidalgo (state), in central Mexico * Hidalgo, Coah ...

* '' Flourensia leptopoda'' S.F.Blake – Argentina (

) * '' Flourensia macroligulata'' Seeligm. – Argentina (

Jujuy San Salvador de Jujuy (), commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. Also, it is the seat of the Doctor Manuel Belgrano Department. It lies near ...

, Tucuman) * '' Flourensia microphylla'' * '' Flourensia monticola'' M.O. Dillon –

Nuevo León Nuevo León, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is a Administrative divisions of Mexico, state in northeastern Mexico. The state borders the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, San Luis ...

* '' Flourensia oolepis'' S.F.Blake – Argentina ( Catamarca,

Córdoba Córdoba most commonly refers to: * Córdoba, Spain, a major city in southern Spain and formerly the imperial capital of Islamic Spain * Córdoba, Argentina, the second largest city in Argentina and the capital of Córdoba Province Córdoba or Cord ...

, San Luis) * '' Flourensia pringlei'' (A.Gray) S.F.Blake – Chihuahua,

Durango Durango, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, is one of the 31 states which make up the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 Federal Entities of Mexico, situated in the northwest portion of the country. With a population of 1,832,650 ...

( Hidalgo County) * '' Flourensia pulcherrima'' M.O.Dillon –

* '' Flourensia resinosa'' (Brandegee) S.F.Blake –

Querétaro Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Querétaro, 18 municipalities. Its capital city is Querétaro Cit ...

* '' Flourensia retinophylla'' S.F.Blake –

* '' Flourensia riparia'' Griseb. – Argentina (

Salta Salta () is the capital and largest city in the Provinces of Argentina, Argentine province of Salta Province, the same name. With a population of 618,375 according to the 2010 census, it is also the List of cities in Argentina, 7th most-populous ...

, Catamarca, Tucuman) * '' Flourensia solitaria'' S.F.Blake –

Formerly placed here

* ''

Austroflourensia angustifolia ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (aș ''Flourensia angustifolia'' (DC.) S.F.Blake) – Peru * ''

Austroflourensia cajabambensis ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia cajabambensis'' M.O.Dillon) – Peru * ''

Austroflourensia fiebrigii ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia fiebrigii'' S.F.Blake) – Argentina, Bolivia * ''

Austroflourensia glutinosa ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia heterolepis'' S.F.Blake) – Bolivia (

Cochabamba Cochabamba (; ) is a city and municipality in central Bolivia in a valley in the Andes mountain range. It is the capital (political), capital of the Cochabamba Department and the list of cities in Bolivia, fourth largest city in Bolivia, with ...

, Santa Cruz), Peru (

Cusco Cusco or Cuzco (; or , ) is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range and the Huatanay river. It is the capital of the eponymous Cusco Province, province and Cusco Region, department. The city was the cap ...

) * ''

Austroflourensia hirtissima ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia hirtissima'' S.F.Blake) – Argentina ( Río Negro) * ''

Austroflourensia macrophylla ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia macrophylla'' (A.Gray) S.F.Blake) – Peru * ''

Austroflourensia niederleinii ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia niederleinii'' S.F.Blake) – Argentina (

) * ''

Austroflourensia peruviana ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia peruviana'' M.O.Dillon) – Peru (

Ayacucho Ayacucho (, , derived from the words ''aya'' ("death" or "soul") and ''k'uchu'' ("corner") in honour of the battle of Ayacucho), founded in 1540 as San Juan de la Frontera de Huamanga and known simply as Huamanga (Quechua: Wamanga) until 1825, i ...

Huancavelica Huancavelica () or Wankawillka in Quechua is a city in Peru. It is the capital of the department of Huancavelica and according to the 2017 census had a population of 49,570 people. The city was established on August 5, 1572 by the Viceroy ...

) * ''

Austroflourensia polycephala ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia polycephala'' M.O.Dillon) – Peru ( Apurímac,

) *'' Austroflourensia suffrutescens'' (as ''Flourensia polyclada'' and ''Flourensia suffrutescens'' ) – Argentina (

) * ''

Austroflourensia thurifera ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia thurifera'' (Molina) DC.) – Chile (

Coquimbo Coquimbo is a port List of cities in Chile, city, Communes of Chile, commune and capital of the Elqui Province, located on the Pan-American Highway, in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. Coquimbo is situated in a valley south of La Serena, Chile, La S ...

Santiago Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile (), is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is located in the country's central valley and is the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Regi ...

Valparaíso Valparaíso () is a major city, Communes of Chile, commune, Port, seaport, and naval base facility in the Valparaíso Region of Chile. Valparaíso was originally named after Valparaíso de Arriba, in Castilla–La Mancha, Castile-La Mancha, Spain ...

) * ''

Austroflourensia tortuosa ''Austroflourensia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 12 species of shrubs and subshrubs native to South America, ranging from Peru to southern Argentina, typically on arid and semi-arid lands. Most of the spe ...

'' (as ''Flourensia tortuosa'' Griseb.) – Argentina (

, Catamarca, Tucuman)

References

External links

* * Heliantheae Asteraceae genera Flora of the Americas Taxa described in 1836 Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle {{Heliantheae-stub