Ferrara Cathedral
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Ferrara Cathedral () is a
Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...
cathedral A cathedral is a church (building), church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, Annual conferences within Methodism, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually s ...
and
minor basilica Basilicas are Catholic church buildings that have a designation, conferring special privileges, given by the Pope. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectura ...
in
Ferrara Ferrara (; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main ...
,
Northern Italy Northern Italy (, , ) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. The Italian National Institute of Statistics defines the region as encompassing the four Northwest Italy, northwestern Regions of Italy, regions of Piedmo ...
. Dedicated to
Saint George Saint George (;Geʽez: ጊዮርጊስ, , ka, გიორგი, , , died 23 April 303), also George of Lydda, was an early Christian martyr who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to holy tradition, he was a soldier in the ...
, the patron saint of the city, it is the seat of the Archbishop of Ferrara and the largest religious building in the city. The cathedral stands in the city centre, not far from the Palazzo Comunale and the famous
Castello Estense The ' ('House of Este, Este castle') or ' ('St. Michael's castle') is a moated medieval castle in the center of Ferrara, northern Italy. It consists of a large block with four corner towers. History On 3 May 1385, the Ferrarese people, driven ...
and is connected to the Archbishop's Palace by a covered passage.


History

Construction of the present building began in the 12th century, when the city was being extended on the left bank of the ''Po di Volano'', a long right branch of
Po River The Po ( , ) is the longest river in Italy. It flows eastward across northern Italy, starting from the Cottian Alps. The river's length is , or if the Maira (river), Maira, a right bank tributary, is included. The headwaters of the Po are forme ...
; the construction of the new cathedral started in 1135. Its main altar was consecrated on May 8 in 1177, which indicates that the cathedral or at least its eastern parts had almost been completed, 42 years after the first stone, for the construction of a large medieval church quite a good time. The former cathedral, also dedicated to Saint George, still stands on the right bank of the river outside the city walls, but almost totally remodelled in 16th to 18th centuries. It is now known as St George's Basilica Outside the Walls (''San Giorgio fuori le mura'')


Exterior

The original Romanesque design is manifest in the lower part of the western façade. It is in white marble, with three cusps and a series of loggias, small arcades and
rose window Rose window is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in Gothic cathedrals and churches. The windows are divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery. The term ''rose window'' wa ...
s, statues and numerous bas-reliefs. Different from the entirely Romanesque façades of
Modena Modena (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It has 184,739 inhabitants as of 2025. A town, and seat of an archbis ...
and Parma Cathedrals, the upper parts of that in Ferrara show Gothic forms, already beginning in with the peaked arches comprising the triple round arches of first gallery. On the right side is a statue of
Alberto d'Este Alberto (V) d'Este (27 February 1347 – 30 July 1393) was Lord of Ferrara and Modena from 1388 until his death. He was associated in the lordship of the House of Este by his brother Niccolò II d'Este, Niccolò in 1361, becoming the sole ru ...
, while on the side is a bronze bust of
Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII (; ; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 January 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born in Fano, Papal States to a prominen ...
, over an inscription in memory of his capture of the city. In the centre of the façade is a porch, supported by two columns with
Atlas An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of world map, maps of Earth or of a continent or region of Earth. Advances in astronomy have also resulted in atlases of the celestial sphere or of other planets. Atlases have traditio ...
es seated on lions at the bases. It is decorated with a ''
Last Judgement The Last Judgment is a concept found across the Abrahamic religions and the '' Frashokereti'' of Zoroastrianism. Christianity considers the Second Coming of Jesus Christ to entail the final judgment by God of all people who have ever lived, res ...
'' by an unknown master and a loggia with a
Madonna and Child In Christian art, a Madonna () is a religious depiction of the Blessed Virgin Mary in a singular form or sometimes accompanied by the Child Jesus. These images are central icons for both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The word ...
(a late Gothic addition). The Roamnesque portal is the work of the sculptor Nicholaus, a pupil of Wiligelmus. The lunette shows Saint George, patron saint of Ferrara, slaying the dragon; scenes from the Life of Christ appear on the lintel. The persons are disproportioned, as typical in Romanesque style. The jambs framing the entrance are embellished with figures depicting the
Annunciation The Annunciation (; ; also referred to as the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Annunciation of Our Lady, or the Annunciation of the Lord; ) is, according to the Gospel of Luke, the announcement made by the archangel Gabriel to Ma ...
and the four prophets who foretold the coming of Christ. According to a now-destroyed inscription, Nicholaus was responsible for the design of the original building. The two side portals on the west front are also his work. A second portal by Nicholaus with additions by Benedetto Antelami was present on the south side, but it was demolished during the 18th-century restorations. Some of the sculptures which decorated it are now on the piazza in front of the building (the supporting griffins), in the narthex and in the Cathedral Museum. The portal was used by pilgrims on their way to Rome. Also on the southern side is the unfinished Renaissance bell tower, in white and pink marble, attributed to
Leon Battista Alberti Leon Battista Alberti (; 14 February 1404 – 25 April 1472) was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, Catholic priest, priest, linguistics, linguist, philosopher, and cryptography, cryptographer; he epitomised the natu ...
and built in 1451–1493. The apse, in brickwork, has arches and marble capitals, and was designed by the Ferrarese architect
Biagio Rossetti Biagio Rossetti ( 1447 – 1516) was an Italian architect and urbanist from Ferrara. A military engineer since 1483, and the ducal architect of Ercole I d'Este, in 1492 Rossetti was assigned Addizione Erculea, the project of enlarging the city of ...
. The Loggia above the main entrance is perfect Gothic architecture from mid 13th century.Italia nell'Arte Medievale, ''La cattedrale di Ferrara''
/ref> The attic above the loggia is obviously of the same time, but in forms of Proto-Renaissance. Also the reliefs are Gothic, show advanced well proportioned persons, naturalist and partly vivid sculpturing. The lower galleries on the west façade and on the south side of the building combine Romanesque and Gothic elements. Here this may be called early Gothic, but in Italian Gothic, round arches never totally disappeared. Ferrare 2010 47 (8196220852).jpg, Gothic loggia above the main portal Ferrara, cattedrale di San Giorgio (04).jpg, South side: Loggia dei Mercanti, Early Gothic and Late Gothic galeries, roof with Renaissance lucarnes Ferrara Biagio Rossetti Cattedrale San Giorgio abside.JPG, The Renaissance apse cites Romanesque blind arches. Campanile del duomo di ferrara, 03.JPG, Campanile from Renaissance age


Interior

The interior, entirely remade in Baroque style after a fire in the 18th century, has a nave and two aisles. It houses bronze statues of the
Crucifixion Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross, beam or stake and left to hang until eventual death. It was used as a punishment by the Achaemenid Empire, Persians, Ancient Carthag ...
, by Niccolò Baroncelli, and of Saints George and Maurelius, by Domenico Alfani (15th century), as well as a '' Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence'' by Guercino (17th century). In the side chapels are a ''Madonna Enthroned with Saints'' by Il Garofalo, an ''Incoronation of the Virgin'' by Francesco Francia and a ''Virgin in Glory with Saints Barbara and Catherine'' by Bastianino, who also painted the ''Last Judgement'' in the apse choir (1577–1581). Central Nave in Ferrara San Giorgio Cathedral.jpg, Central nave of the cathedral Altare di San Lorenzo, Cattedrale di Ferrara.jpg Kathedrale-Ferrara-4.jpg, Coronation of St Mary Ferrara Cathedral 2014 16.jpg, Beheading of St George Kathedrale-Ferrara-6.jpg


Museum

The Cathedral Museum, housed in the former church of San Romano across the square, houses two works by Cosmè Tura (''Annunciation'' and ''St. George and the Dragon''), the ''Madonna della melagrana'' by Jacopo della Quercia and eight tapestries with stories of the two patron saints of Ferrara based on cartoons by Garofalo and Camillo Filippi.


Burials

* Ippolito d'Este


See also

* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ferrara-Comacchio


References and notes


Bibliography

*


External links


Page on medioevo.org
{{Authority control
Cathedral A cathedral is a church (building), church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, Annual conferences within Methodism, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually s ...
Ferrara Ferrara (; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main ...
Cathedrals in Emilia-Romagna Sites of papal elections 12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy Burial places of popes Romanesque architecture in Emilia-Romagna Gothic architecture in Emilia-Romagna Museums in Ferrara Religious museums in Italy