Felix Philipp Kanitz (. 2 August 1829 – 8 January 1904) was an

Austro-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...

naturalist Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...

geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...

ethnographer Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. It explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject of the study. Ethnography is also a type of social research that involves examining ...

archaeologist Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, ...

painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

and author of travel notes, of

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

heritage.

Biography

Kanitz was born in Pest to a rich

Jew Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly inte ...

ish family and enrolled in art in the

University of Vienna The University of Vienna (, ) is a public university, public research university in Vienna, Austria. Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Duke Rudolph IV in 1365, it is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and among the largest ...

in 1846, at the age of seventeen.
He travelled extensively after 1850, visiting

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...

and

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

. He settled in

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

in 1856 and undertook a journey to

Dalmatia Dalmatia (; ; ) is a historical region located in modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. Through time it formed part of several historical states, most notably the Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Croatia (925 ...

in the

Balkans The Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throug ...

in 1858, which marked the beginning of his thorough research of the

South Slavs South Slavs are Slavic people who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, ...

. Apart from Dalmatia, he also visited

Herzegovina Herzegovina ( or ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, Hercegovina, separator=" / ", Херцеговина, ) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical Regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia (reg ...

Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...

Kingdom of Montenegro The Kingdom of Montenegro was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present-day Montenegro, during the tumultuous period of time on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Officially it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolu ...

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

and

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

. He worked on the topic until 1889, the knowledge he gathered being evaluated as particularly important for the period. A good painter and drawer, Kanitz was also the author of a number of black and white drawings related to the life in the Balkans. Born a Jew, he later converted to

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...

. Between 1870 and 1874 he was the first custodian of the Anthropologisch-Urgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna. He died in the Austrian capital on 8 January 1904. Kanitz is regarded as one of the first profound ethnographers of the South Slavs. As such, he has earned great respect particularly in modern Serbia and Bulgaria.
Kanitz was a member of the

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (; , SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (, DSS). The Academy's membership has included Nobel Prize, Nobel la ...

Honours

Order of Franz Joseph The Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Joseph () was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on 2 December 1849, on the first anniversary of his accession to the imperial throne. Classes The order was originally awarded in three classes: ''G ...

* Order of the Cross of Takovo * Order of St. Sava *

Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry The Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry (German: ''Königliche-Sächsische Forstakademie'') in Tharandt, Saxony, near Dresden, was founded by silviculturist Heinrich Cotta in 1811. Established in conjunction with the school, and later integrated wit ...

*Member

* A village in

Vidin Province Vidin Province () is the northwesternmost province of Bulgaria. It borders Serbia to the west and Romania to the northeast, and its administrative centre is the city of Vidin on the Danube river. The area is divided into 11 municipalities. As ...

in northwestern Bulgaria and streets in

Sofia Sofia is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Is ...

and

Varna Varna may refer to: Places Europe *Varna, Bulgaria, a city ** Varna Province ** Varna Municipality ** Gulf of Varna ** Lake Varna **Varna Necropolis * Vahrn, or Varna, a municipality in Italy * Varna (Šabac), a village in Serbia Asia * Var ...

are named after him. * Kanitz Nunatak on

Graham Land Graham Land is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula that lies north of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This description of Graham Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the British Antarctic Place-names Committee ...

Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. ...

is named after Felix Kanitz.

Works

Monographs

* 1861: ''Die römischen Funde in Serbien''. k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien
Google
* 1862: ''Serbiens byzantinische Monumente''. k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien
ETH Zürich
* 1864: ''Über alt- und neuserbische Kirchenbaukunst. Ein Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte.'' Wien: k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei
Google
* 1868: ''Reise in Süd-Serbien und Nord-Bulgarien. Ausgeführt im Jahre 1864''. Wien: kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei
Google
* 1868: ''Serbien. Historisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1859–1868.'' Leipzig: Hermann Fries
Google
* 1870: ''Katechismus der Ornamentik oder Leitfaden über die Geschichte, Entwickelung und die charakteristischen Formen der bedeutendsten Ornamentstyle aller Zeiten.'' Leipzig: J.J. Weber ** druhé upravené vydání Auflage 1877 udT ''Katechismus der Ornamentik oder Leitfaden über die Geschichte, Entwickelung und die charakteristischen Formen der bedeutendsten Verzierungsstyle aller Zeiten''.
Google
** čtvrté vydání 1891 * 1875–1879: ''Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan.'' 3 svazky. Leipzig: Hermann Fries ** Band I: ''Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1875'' (1875)
Google

Internet Archive
,
MDZ
** Band II: ''Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1876'' (1877) (https://books.google.de/books?id=LjbZCVE91M0C Google]) ** Band III: ''Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1878'' (1879),
Internet Archive
,
MDZ
*** 1879–1880: ''Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan. Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1879''; druhé přepracované vydání. 3 svazky. Hermann Fries, Leipzig (Band I/II: 1879, Band III: 1880) *** 1882: ''Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan. Historisch-geographisch-ethnographische Reisestudien aus den Jahren 1860–1879''; druhé přepracované vydání. 3 svazky. Renger, Leipzig (Band I/I
Internet Archive
, (Band II
Internet Archive
dotisk druhého vydání, Leipzig.Práva ke Kanitzově knize přešla po Friesově smrti nak Rengersche Buchhandlung. Vydání z roku 1882, nyní vydané společností Renger, a za výrazně levnější prodejní cenu než vydání Friesovo, mimo jiné neochotně „schválil“ i Kanitz, protože neměl prostředky, jak proti tomu úspěšně zakročit. *** francouzské vydání v jednom svazku 1882: ''La Bulgarie Danubienne et le Balkan. Études de voyage (1860–1880)''. Hachette et C^ie., Paris
Internet Archive
* 1892: ''Römische Studien in Serbien: Der Donau-Grenzwall, das Strassennetz, die Städte, Castelle, Denkmale, Thermen und Bergwerke zur Römerzeit im Königreiche Serbien.'' F. Tempsky, Wien * 1904–1914 (posmrtně): ''Das Königreich Serbien und das Serbenvolk von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegenwart.'' 3 svazky. Leipzig: Bernhard Meyer ** Band I (1904): ''Land und Bevölkerung''
Internet Archive
** Band II (sebráno a doplněno Bogoljubem Jovanovićem, 1909): ''Land und Bevölkerung''
Internet Archive
** Band III (sebráno a doplněno Bogoljubem Jovanovićem, 1914): ''Staat und Gesellschaft''
Internet Archive

Essays

* 1862: ''Von Belgrad nach Salonik''. In: ''Illustrirte Zeitung'' (Leipzig), 38, Nr. 973 (22. Februar 1862), S. 122. * 1865: ''Ein Tag in türkischer Gefangenschaft. Reiseskizze''. In: ''Slavische Blätter, Illustrirte Zeitschrift für die Gesammtinteressen des Slaventhums'' 1, Fasz. 4 (1865), S. 185–194. * 1872: ''Das Völker-Kaleidoskop am Lomflusse in Westbulgarien''. In: ''Globus. Illustrirte Zeitschrift für Länder- und Völkerkunde'' 21, Nr. 3 (Januar 1872), S. 41 f. * 1873: ''Reise im bulgarischen Donau-, Timok- und Sveti Nikola-Balkan-Gebiet''. In: ''Mittheilungen der k.k. geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien'' 1872, Band 15 (Neue Serie 5) (1873), S. 61–72, 105–112. * 1873: ''Reiseskizzen aus Bulgarien''. In: ''Illustrirte Zeitung'' 60, Nr. 1549 (8. März 1873), S. 172–174. * 1876: ''Mythe und Wirklichkeit auf dem höchsten Balkanpasse''. In: ''Neue Freie Presse'' (Wien), Nr. 4087 Morgenausgabe (12. Januar 1876), S. 1 f. * 1876: ''Die Messe zu Eski-Džumaja''. In: ''Oesterreichische Monatsschrift für den Orient'' 2, Nr. 3 (März 1876), S. 33 f. * 1877: ''Der Balkanpass von Elena''. In: ''Mittheilungen der kais. und kön. geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien'' 20 (Neue Serie 10) (1877), S. 537–543. * 1880: ''Geistige und materielle Verhältnisse zu Sofia''. In: ''Oesterreichische Monatsschrift für den Orient'' 6, Nr. 3 (März 1880), S. 41–46. * 1880: ''Der Pontushafen Varna im Mai 1880''. In: ''Oesterreichische Monatsschrift für den Orient'' 6, Nr. 6 (Juni 1880), S. 93–98.

Works

* 1861: ''Die römischen Funde in Serbien'' (''The Roman Finds in Serbia''). Vienna. * 1862: ''Serbiens byzantinische Monumente'' (''The Byzantine Monuments of Serbia''). Vienna. * 1863: ''Beiträge zur Kartographie des Fürstenthums Serbien, gesammelt auf seinen Reisen in denJahren'' 1859-61. Wien. * 1868: ''Reise in Südserbien und Nordbulgarien'' (''A Journey to South Serbia and North Bulgaria''). Vienna. * 1868: ''Serbien — historisch-ethnographische Reisestudien'' (''Serbia — Ethnographic and Historical Travel Studies''). Leipzig. * 1868: ''Reise in Südserbien und Nordbulgarien.'' * 1877: ''Katechismus der Ornamentik'' (''Catechism of the Decoration''). Leipzig. * 1882: ''Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan'' (''Danubian Bulgaria and the Balkans''). Three volumes. Leipzig. * 1889: ''Die prähistorischen Funde in Serbien bis 1889. Aeltere und neuere Grabdenkmalformen im Königreich Serbien.'' * 1892: ''Römische Studien in Serbien. Der Donau-Grenzwall, das Strassennetz, die Städte, Castelle, Denkmale, Thermen und Bergwerke zur Römerzeit im Königr.'' Serbien. * 1892: ''Römische Studien in Serbien'' (''Roman Studies in Serbia''). Vienna. * 1904: ''Das Königreich Serbien und das Serbenvolk von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegenwart'' (''The Kingdom of Serbia and the Serbian People from Roman Times until the Present''). First volume. Leipzig.

Gallery

Image:Miloš_Obrenović's_House_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg, A drawing by Felix Kanitz of Milos Obrenovic house Image:Batal-dzamija.jpg, A drawing by Felix Kanitz of

Belgrade Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. T ...

mosque A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Salah, Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were si ...

Image:Zrnov.png, A drawing by Felix Kanitz of Zrnov Image:Fabrika-Kanitz.jpg, A drawing by Felix Kanitz of the first factory in the Balkans

Notes

References

External links

Bulgarian National Radio article on Kanitz's studies in Bulgaria

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanitz, Felix Philipp 1829 births 1904 deaths Geographers from Austria-Hungary Ethnographers from Austria-Hungary Archaeologists from Austria-Hungary Naturalists from Austria-Hungary Converts to Christianity from Judaism Jews from Austria-Hungary Jewish scientists University of Vienna alumni Scientists from Budapest Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Serbian studies