Fedora Linux Fedora Linux is a Linux distribution developed by the Fedora Project. It was originally developed in 2003 as a continuation of the Red Hat Linux project. It contains software distributed under various free and open-source licenses and aims to b ...

is a popular

Linux distribution A Linux distribution, often abbreviated as distro, is an operating system that includes the Linux kernel for its kernel functionality. Although the name does not imply product distribution per se, a distro—if distributed on its own—is oft ...

developed by the

Fedora Project The Fedora Project is an independent project to coordinate the development of Fedora Linux, a Linux-based operating system, operating with the mission of creating "''an innovative platform for hardware, clouds, and containers that enables softw ...

. Fedora attempts to maintain a six-month release schedule, offering new versions in spring and fall, although some releases have experienced minor delays.

Release history

Fedora Core 1

Fedora Core 1 was the first version of Fedora and was released on November 6, 2003. It was codenamed ''Yarrow.'' Fedora Core 1 was based on Red Hat Linux 9. Some of the features in Fedora Core 1 included: * Version 2.4.19 of the

Linux kernel The Linux kernel is a Free and open-source software, free and open source Unix-like kernel (operating system), kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the k ...

; * Version 2.4 of the GNOME Desktop Environment (GNOME); * Version 3.1 of the K Desktop Environment (KDE).

Fedora Core 2

Fedora Core 2 was released on May 18, 2004, codenamed ''Tettnang''. Some of the new features in Fedora Core 2 included: * Version 2.6 of the

; * Version 2.6 of the GNOME Desktop Environment (GNOME); * Version 3.2 of the K Desktop Environment (KDE); *

Security-Enhanced Linux Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including mandatory access controls (MAC). SELinux is a set of kernel modifications and user-space to ...

(SELinux); *

X.Org Server X.Org Server is the free and open-source implementation of the X Window System (X11) display server stewarded by the X.Org Foundation. Implementations of the client-side X Window System protocol exist in the form of ''X11 libraries'', which ...

replaced

XFree86 XFree86 is an implementation of the X Window System. It was originally written for Unix-like operating systems on IBM PC compatibles and was available for many other operating systems and platforms. It is free software, free and Open-source softw ...

due to license changes with the latter project. (X.Org Server is a merger of the previous official X11R6 release, which additionally included a number of updates to Xrender, Xft, Xcursor, fontconfig libraries, and other significant improvements, with XFree86 4.4 RC 2, the final version before the license change.) SELinux was disabled by default due to concerns that it radically altered the way that Fedora Core ran.

Fedora Core 3

Fedora Core 3 was released on November 8, 2004, codenamed ''Heidelberg''. Some of the new features in Fedora Core 3 included: * The Mozilla Firefox web browser; * Support for Indic scripts; *

GNU GRUB GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project. GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a use ...

boot loader; * Version 2.8 of the GNOME desktop environment (GNOME); * Version 3.3 of the K Desktop Environment (KDE); * New Fedora Extras repository; * SELinux enabled by default. This release deprecated the LILO boot loader in favor of

(SELinux) now had a new targeted policy, which was less strict than the policy used in Fedora Core 2.

Fedora Core 4

Fedora Core 4 was released on June 13, 2005, with the codename ''Stentz''. It shipped with Linux 2.6.11, KDE 3.4 and GNOME 2.10. This version introduced the new Clearlooks theme, which was inspired by the

Red Hat Red Hat, Inc. (formerly Red Hat Software, Inc.) is an American software company that provides open source software products to enterprises and is a subsidiary of IBM. Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh, North ...

Bluecurve Bluecurve is a Theme (computing), desktop theme for GNOME and KDE created by the Red Hat Artwork project. The main aim of Bluecurve was to create a consistent look throughout the Linux environment, and provide support for various Freedesktop.org d ...

theme. It also shipped with the

OpenOffice.org OpenOffice.org (OOo), commonly known as OpenOffice, is a discontinued open-source office suite. Active successor projects include LibreOffice (the most actively developed) and Collabora Online, with Apache OpenOffice being considered mostly d ...

2.0 office suite, as well as Xen, a high performance and secure open source virtualization framework. It also introduced support for the

PowerPC PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple Inc., App ...

CPU architecture, and over 80 new policies for

(SELinux).

Fedora Core 5

This Core release introduced specific artwork that defined it. This is a trend that has continued in later Fedora versions. Fedora Core 5 was released on March 20, 2006, with the codename ''Bordeaux'', and introduced the Fedora Bubbles artwork. It was the first Fedora release to include Mono and tools built with it such as

Beagle The Beagle is a small breed of scent hound, similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound. The beagle was developed primarily for hunting rabbit or hare, known as beagling. Possessing a great sense of smell and superior tracking inst ...

, F-Spot and

Tomboy A tomboy is a girl or young woman who generally expresses masculine traits. Such traits may include wearing androgynous or unfeminine clothing and engaging in activities and behaviors traditionally associated with boys or men. Origins The w ...

. It also introduced new package management tools such as pup and pirut (''see Yellowdog Updater, Modified''). It also was the first Fedora release not to include the long deprecated (but kept for compatibility) LinuxThreads, replaced by the Native POSIX Thread Library.

Fedora Core 6

Fedora Core 6 was released on October 24, 2006, codenamed ''Zod''. This release introduced the Fedora DNA artwork, replacing the Fedora Bubbles artwork used in Fedora Core 5. The codename is derived from the villain,

General Zod General Zod is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an List of Superman enemies, adversary of the superhero Superman. The character, who first appeared in ''Adventure Comics'' #283 (April 1961), was ...

, from the Superman DC Comic Books. This version introduced support for the

Compiz Compiz () is a compositing window manager for the X Window System, using 3D graphics hardware to create fast compositing desktop effects for window management. Effects, such as a minimization animation or a cube workspace, are implemented as loa ...

compositing window manager A compositing manager, or compositor, is software that provides applications with an off-screen data buffer, buffer for each window, then Compositing, composites these window buffers into an image representing the screen and writes the result into ...

and

AIGLX Accelerated Indirect GLX ("AIGLX") is an Open-source software, open source project founded by Red Hat and the Fedora (operating system), Fedora community, led by Kristian Høgsberg, to allow accelerated indirect GLX rendering capabilities to t ...

(a technology that enables GL-accelerated effects on a standard desktop). It shipped with

Firefox Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements curr ...

1.5 as the default web browser, and Smolt, a tool that allows users to inform developers about the hardware they use. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and other derivatives are based on Fedora Core 6.

Fedora 7

Fedora 7, codenamed ''Moonshine'', was released on May 31, 2007. The biggest difference between Fedora Core 6 and Fedora 7 was the merging of the Red Hat "Core" and Community "Extras" repositories, dropping "Core" from the name "Fedora Core," and the new build system put in place to manage those packages. This release used entirely new build and compose tools that enabled the user to create fully customized Fedora distributions via a package named ''Revisor'' that could also include packages from any third-party provider. There were three official ''spins'' available for Fedora 7: *Live – two Live CDs (one for GNOME and one for KDE); *Fedora – a DVD that includes all the major packages available at shipping; *Everything – simply an installation tree for use by yum and Internet installations. Fedora 7 featured GNOME 2.18 and KDE 3.5, a new theme entitled ''Flying High'',

2.2 and

2.0. This theme included a complete refresh of the various icons and symbols. Fast user switching was fully integrated and enabled by default. Also, there were a number of updates to SELinux, including a new ''setroubleshoot'' tool for debugging SELinux security notifications, and a new, comprehensive ''system-config-selinux'' tool for fine-tuning the SELinux setup.

Fedora 8

Fedora 8, codenamed ''Werewolf'', was released on November 8, 2007. Some of the new features and updates in Fedora 8 included: *'' PulseAudio'' – a sound daemon that allows different applications to control the audio. Fedora was the first distribution to enable it by default. *''system-config-firewall'' – a new firewall configuration tool that replaces system-config-security level from previous releases. *''Codeina'' – a tool that guides users using content under proprietary or patent-encumbered formats to purchase codecs from fluendo; it is an optional component that may be uninstalled in favor of

GStreamer GStreamer is a Pipeline (computing), pipeline-based multimedia framework that links together a wide variety of media processing systems to complete complex workflows. For instance, GStreamer can be used to build a system that reads files in one f ...

codec plug-ins which are free of charge. *'' IcedTea'' – a project that attempts to bring

OpenJDK OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open-source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE). It is the result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006, four years before the company was acquired by Oracle Corp ...

to Fedora by replacing encumbered code. *''

NetworkManager NetworkManager is a daemon that sits on top of libudev and other Linux kernel interfaces (and a couple of other daemons) and provides a high-level interface for the configuration of the network interfaces. Rationale NetworkManager is a software ...

'' – faster, more reliable connections; better security (through the use of the

keyring A keychain () (also keyring) is a small ring or chain of metal to which several Key (lock), keys, or fobs can be attached. The terms keyring and keychain are often used interchangeably to mean both the individual ring, or a combined unit of a r ...

); clearer display of wireless networks; better

D-Bus D-Bus (short for "Desktop Bus") is a message-oriented middleware mechanism that allows communication between multiple Process (computing), processes running concurrently on the same machine. D-Bus was developed as part of the freedesktop.org pro ...

integration. *''Better laptop support'' – enhancements to the kernel to reduce battery load, disabling of background

cron The cron command-line utility is a job scheduler on Unix-like operating systems. Users who set up and maintain software environments use cron to schedule jobs (commands or shell scripts), also known as cron jobs, to run periodically at fixed t ...

jobs when running on the battery, and additional wireless drivers. Due to criticism regarding inconsistent UI in Fedora 7 and its previous versions, Fedora 8 also included a new desktop artwork entitled ''Infinity'' and a new desktop theme named ''Nodoka,'' replacing the ''Flying High'' theme in the predecessor. Infinity was the first to provide a wallpaper that could change to reflect the time of day, a feature that remained with later editions and spilled over to other Linux 'flavors' and even other operating systems. In February 2008, a new

Xfce Xfce or XFCE (pronounced as four individual letters, ) is a Free and open-source software, free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Xfce aims to be fast and Lightweight software, lightweight whil ...

Live CD "spin" was announced for the

x86 x86 (also known as 80x86 or the 8086 family) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures initially developed by Intel, based on the 8086 microprocessor and its 8-bit-external-bus variant, the 8088. Th ...

and

x86-64 x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set architecture, instruction set. It was announced in 1999 and first available in the AMD Opteron family in 2003. It introduces two new ope ...

architectures. This

Live CD A live CD (also live DVD, live disc, or live operating system) is a complete booting, bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD-ROM or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than lo ...

version uses the Xfce desktop environment, which aims to be fast and lightweight, while still being visually appealing and easy to use. Like the GNOME and KDE spins, the Xfce spin can be installed to the hard disk.

Fedora 9

Fedora 9, codenamed ''Sulphur'', was released on May 24, 2008. Some of the new features of Fedora 9 included: *'' GNOME 2.22''. *'' KDE Plasma 4.0'', which is the default interface as part of the KDE spin. *'' OpenJDK 6'' has replaced IcedTea. *''

PackageKit PackageKit is a free and open-source suite of software applications designed to provide a consistent and high-level abstraction layer for a number of different package management systems. PackageKit was created by Richard Hughes in 2007, and fi ...

'' is included as a front-end to yum, and as the default package manager. *''One Second X'' allows the

X Window System The X Window System (X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984. The X protocol has been at ...

to perform a cold start from the command line in nearly one second; similarly, shutdown of X should be as quick. *Introduction of Upstart *Many improvements to the

Anaconda Anacondas or water boas are a group of large boas of the genus ''Eunectes''. They are a semiaquatic group of snakes found in tropical South America. Three to five extant and one extinct species are currently recognized, including one of the l ...

installer; among these features, it now supports resizing ext2, ext3 and NTFS file systems, and can create and install Fedora to encrypted file systems. *

3.0 beta 5 is included in this release, and the 3.0 package was released as an update the same day as the general release. *''Perl 5.10'', which features a smaller

memory footprint Memory footprint refers to the amount of main memory that a program uses or references while running. The word footprint generally refers to the extent of physical dimensions that an object occupies, giving a sense of its size. In computing, t ...

and other improvements. *Data Persistence in USB images. Fedora 9 featured a new artwork entitled ''Waves'' which, like ''Infinity'' in Fedora 8, changes the wallpaper to reflect the time of day.

Fedora 10

Fedora 10, codenamed ''Cambridge'', was released on November 25, 2008. It flaunts the new ''Solar'' artwork. Its features include: *Faster startup using one

Plymouth Plymouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England. It is located on Devon's south coast between the rivers River Plym, Plym and River Tamar, Tamar, about southwest of Exeter and ...

splash screen instead of the version-specific Red Hat Graphical Boot that was previously used, including Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and other derivatives that are based on Fedora 10 and higher. *Support for

ext4 ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for ...

filesystem *

Sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecul ...

Desktop Environment *

LXDE LXDE (abbreviation for Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment) is a Free and open-source software, free desktop environment with comparatively low resource requirements. This makes it especially suitable for use on older or resource-constrained pe ...

Desktop Environment (LXDE Spin) *GNOME 2.24 *KDE Plasma 4.1 (KDE Spin) *

3.0

Fedora 11

Fedora 11, codenamed ''Leonidas'', was released on June 9, 2009. This was the first release whose artwork is determined by the name instead of by users voting on themes. Some of the features in Fedora 11 are: *

as the default file system *experimental

Btrfs Btrfs (pronounced as "better F S", "butter F S", "b-tree F S", or "B.T.R.F.S.") is a computer storage format that combines a file system based on the copy-on-write (COW) principle with a logical volume manager (distinct from Linux's LVM), d ...

activated by ''IcantbelieveitsnotBTR'' command line option at bootup *faster bootup aimed at 20 seconds. *GCC 4.4 *GNOME 2.26 *KDE Plasma 4.2 (KDE Spin) *2.6.29

Eclipse An eclipse is an astronomical event which occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured, by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer. This alignment of three ...

3.4.2 *

Netbeans NetBeans is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java (programming language), Java. NetBeans allows applications to be developed from a set of modular software components called ''modules''. NetBeans runs on Microsoft Windows, Windows, ...

6.5 *

nVidia Nvidia Corporation ( ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware. Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang (president and CEO), Chris Malachowsky, and Curti ...

kernel modesetting through the open source nouveau (graphics) driver *OpenOffice 3.1 * Python 2.6 *Xfce to 4.6 (Xfce Spin) *X server 1.6 * fprint – support for systems with

fingerprint reader Fingerprint scanners are a type of biometric security device that identify an individual by identifying the structure of their fingerprints. They are used in police stations, security industries, smartphones, and other mobile devices. Fingerpr ...

Fedora 12

Fedora 12, codenamed ''Constantine'', was released on November 17, 2009. Some of the features in Fedora 12 are: *Optimized performance. All software packages on 32-bit (x86_32) architecture have been compiled for i686 systems *Improved webcam support (

Cheese Cheese is a type of dairy product produced in a range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk (usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats or sheep). During prod ...

) *Better video codec with a newer version of

Ogg Ogg is a digital multimedia container format designed to provide for efficient streaming and manipulation of digital multimedia. It is maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation and is free and open, unrestricted by software patents. Its name is ...

Theora Theora is a free lossy video compression format. It was developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation and distributed without licensing fees alongside their other free and open media projects, including the Vorbis audio format and the Ogg contai ...

*Audio improvements *Automatic bug reporting tool (abrt) *Bluetooth on demand *Enhanced NetworkManager to manage broadband *Many virtualization enhancements ( KVM, libvirt, libguestfs) *

used even for the boot partition *Moblin interface *Yum-presto plugin providing Delta RPMs for updates by default *New compression algorithm ( XZ, the new LZMA format) in

RPM Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines. One revolution per minute is equivalent to hertz. Standards ISO 80000-3:2019 def ...

packages for smaller and faster updates *Experimental 3D support for ATI R600/ R700 cards *GCC 4.4 *

SystemTap In computing, SystemTap () is a scripting language and tool for dynamically instrumenting running production Linux-based operating systems. System administrators can use SystemTap to extract, filter and summarize data in order to enable diagnosi ...

1.0 with

integration *GNOME 2.28 *GNOME Shell preview *KDE Plasma 4.3. Plasma 4.4 was pushed to the updates repository on February 27, 2010 (KDE Spin) *2.6.31

; kernel version 2.6.32 was pushed to the updates repository on February 27, 2010 *X server 1.7 with Multi-Pointer X (MPX) support *NetBeans 6.7 *PHP 5.3 * Rakudo Perl 6 compiler

Fedora 13

Fedora 13, codenamed ''"Goddard"'', was released on May 25, 2010. During early development, Fedora project leader Paul Frields anticipated "looking at the fit and finish issues. We have tended to build a really tight ship with Fedora, but now we want to make the décor in the cabins a little more sumptuous and to polish the deck chairs and railings." Features of Fedora 13 include: *Automatic printer driver installation *Automatic language pack installation *Redesigned user account tool *Color management to calibrate monitors and scanners *Experimental 3D support for

NVIDIA Nvidia Corporation ( ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware. Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang (president and CEO), Chris Malachowsky, and Curti ...

video cards *A new way to install Fedora over the Internet * SSSD authentication for users *Updates to NFS *Inclusion of Zarafa Open Source edition *System rollback for the Btrfs file system *Better

probes *Support for the entire Java EE 6 spec in

6.8 *

KDE Plasma KDE Plasma is a Shell (computing), graphical shell developed by the KDE community for Unix-like operating systems. It serves as the interface layer between the user and the operating system, providing a graphical user interface (GUI) and workspa ...

PulseAudio Integration *New command-line interface for

Fedora 14

Fedora 14, codenamed ''Laughlin'', was released on October 29, 2010. It was the last to use the GNOME 2 desktop environment (now forked as MATE). GNOME 2 had been the desktop environment of the operating system since its inception in 2003. Features of Fedora 14 included: *Updated Boost to the upstream 1.44 release *Addition of the D compiler (LDC) and D standard runtime library (Tango) *Concurrent release of Fedora 14 on the

Amazon EC2 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a part of Amazon's cloud-computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS), that allows users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications. EC2 encourages scalable deployment of ap ...

cloud *Updated Fedora's

stack to Helios releases *Updated Erlang to the upstream R14 release *Replacement of libjpeg with libjpeg-turbo *Inclusion of virt-v2v tool *Inclusion of Spice framework for VDI deployment *Updates to Rakudo Star implementation of Perl 6 *

NetBeans NetBeans is an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java (programming language), Java. NetBeans allows applications to be developed from a set of modular software components called ''modules''. NetBeans runs on Microsoft Windows, Windows, ...

IDE updated to the 6.9 release *Inclusion of ipmiutil system management tool *Inclusion of a tech preview of the

GNOME Shell GNOME Shell is the graphical shell of the GNOME desktop environment starting with version 3, which was released on April 6, 2011. It provides basic functions like launching applications and switching between windows. GNOME Shell replaced GN ...

environment * Python 2.7

Fedora 15

Fedora 15, codenamed ''Lovelock'', was released on May 24, 2011. Features of Fedora 15 include: *Inclusion of

GNOME 3 GNOME 3 is the third major release of the GNOME desktop environment. A major departure from technologies implemented by its predecessors, GNOME 3 introduced a dramatically different user interface. It was the first GNOME release to utilize a unif ...

desktop *

LibreOffice LibreOffice () is a free and open-source office productivity software suite developed by The Document Foundation (TDF). It was created in 2010 as a fork of OpenOffice.org, itself a successor to StarOffice. The suite includes applications ...

as a replacement of

*Inclusion of

GNU Compiler Collection The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is a collection of compilers from the GNU Project that support various programming languages, Computer architecture, hardware architectures, and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes ...

4.6 *Responsibility for booting is taken up by

Systemd systemd is a software suite that provides an array of system components for Linux operating systems. The main aim is to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions. Its primary component is a "system and service manage ...

*LLVMpipe replacing

Mesa A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge, or hill, bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks, such as shales, capped by a ...

software rasterizer *Inclusion of BoxGrinder software *Support for dynamic firewalls with firewalld *Inclusion of PowerTOP 2.x *Adoption of Consistent Network Device Naming *Improved support for encrypted home directories

Fedora 16

Fedora 16, codenamed "Verne", was released on November 8, 2011. Fedora 16 was also dedicated to the memory of

Dennis Ritchie Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (September 9, 1941 – October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist. He created the C programming language and the Unix operating system and B language with long-time colleague Ken Thompson. Ritchie and Thomp ...

, who died about a month before the release. Some of the features of Fedora 16 included: *Linux kernel 3.1.0 *Inclusion of GNOME 3.2.1 desktop *Updated to latest

KDE Software Compilation The KDE Software Compilation (KDE SC) was an umbrella term for the desktop environment plus a range of included applications produced by KDE. From its 1.0 release in July 1998 until the release of version 4.4 in February 2010, the Software Compi ...

4.7.2 * GRUB2 became the default

bootloader A bootloader, also spelled as boot loader or called bootstrap loader, is a computer program that is responsible for booting a computer and booting an operating system. If it also provides an interactive menu with multiple boot choices then it's o ...

Ext4 ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for ...

driver used for

Ext3 ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaling file system, journaled file system that is commonly used with the Linux kernel. It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions but generally has been supplanted by ...

and

Ext2 ext2, or second extended file system, is a file system for the Linux kernel (operating system), kernel. It was initially designed by French software developer Rémy Card as a replacement for the extended file system (ext). Having been designed ...

file systems * HAL daemon removed in favour of udisks, upower, and libudev *Unification of the user interfaces for all problem reporting programs and mechanisms *Virtualization improvements including

OpenStack OpenStack is a free, open standard cloud computing platform. It is mostly deployed as infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) in both public and private clouds where virtual servers and other resources are made available to users. The software pla ...

and Aeolus Conductor *Fedora uses UID/ GIDs up through 999 for system accounts *Enhanced cloud support including Condor Cloud, HekaFS, and

pacemaker A pacemaker, also known as an artificial cardiac pacemaker, is an implanted medical device that generates electrical pulses delivered by electrodes to one or more of the chambers of the heart. Each pulse causes the targeted chamber(s) to co ...

-cloud

Fedora 17

Fedora 17, codenamed "Beefy Miracle", which was released on May 29, 2012. Some of the features of Fedora 17 include: *Linux kernel 3.3.4 *Integrated UEFI support *Inclusion of GNOME 3.4 desktop, offering software rendering support for

*Updated to latest

4.8.3 *A new filesystem structure moving more things to /usr *Removable disks are now mounted under /run/media due to a change in udisks *systemd-logind replaces ConsoleKit, offering multiseat improvements *Inclusion of the libvirt sandbox; virt-manager now supports USB pass-through *Services now use private temp directories to improve security

Fedora 18

Fedora 18, codenamed "Spherical Cow", was released on January 15, 2013. Some of the features of Fedora 18 include: *Linux kernel 3.6.10 *Support for

UEFI Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI, as an acronym) is a Specification (technical standard), specification for the firmware Software architecture, architecture of a computing platform. When a computer booting, is powered on, the UEFI ...

Secure Boot *A rewrite of the

installer *A new system upgrade utility called FedUp *Default desktop upgraded to GNOME 3.6.3 *Updated to KDE Plasma 4.9 and

4.10 *Inclusion of MATE and

Cinnamon Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus ''Cinnamomum''. Cinnamon is used mainly as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive in a wide variety of cuisines, sweet and savoury dishes, biscuits, b ...

desktops *Better

Active Directory Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. Windows Server operating systems include it as a set of processes and services. Originally, only centralized domain management used Active Direct ...

support through FreeIPA v3 *Support for

hotspots *Support for 256 color terminals by default *Offline system updates utilizing

systemd systemd is a software suite that provides an array of system components for Linux operating systems. The main aim is to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions. Its primary component is a "system and service manage ...

and

*Better cloud computing support with the inclusion of

Eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of more than 700 species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. Most species of ''Eucalyptus'' are trees, often Mallee (habit), mallees, and a few are shrubs. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalyp ...

Heat In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings by such mechanisms as thermal conduction, electromagnetic radiation, and friction, which are microscopic in nature, involving sub-atomic, ato ...

, and OpenStack Folsom * firewalld replaces system-config-firewall as default

Fedora 19

Fedora 19, codenamed "Schrödinger's Cat", was released on July 2, 2013. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 and other derivatives are based on Fedora 19. Some of the features of Fedora 19 include: *Further improvements to the new

installer *A new initial setup application *Support to

application checkpointing Checkpointing is a technique that provides fault tolerance for computing systems. It involves saving a Snapshot (computer storage), snapshot of an application software, application's state, so that it can restart from that point in case of failure ...

through

CRIU Checkpoint/Restore In Userspace (CRIU) (pronounced ''kree-oo'', ), is a software tool for the Linux operating system. Using this tool, it is possible to freeze a running application (or part of it) and checkpoint it to persistent storage as a c ...

*Default desktop upgraded to

GNOME A gnome () is a mythological creature and diminutive spirit in Renaissance magic and alchemy, introduced by Paracelsus in the 16th century and widely adopted by authors, including those of modern fantasy literature. They are typically depict ...

3.8 *Updated to KDE Plasma 4.10 and MATE 1.6 *

MariaDB MariaDB is a community-developed, commercially supported Fork (software development), fork of the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS), intended to remain free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. Developm ...

has replaced

MySQL MySQL () is an Open-source software, open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language. A rel ...

* GCC has been updated to version 4.8 *

RPM Package Manager RPM Package Manager (RPM) (originally Red Hat Package Manager, now a recursive acronym) is a free and open-source package management system. The name RPM refers to the file format and the package manager program itself. RPM was intended primar ...

has been updated to version 4.11 *Includes the new Developers Assistant tool *Numerous upstream improvements to

firewall Firewall may refer to: * Firewall (computing), a technological barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unwanted communications between computer networks or hosts * Firewall (construction), a barrier inside a building, designed to limit the spre ...

and

*Improved cloud support, including better compatibility with

Fedora 20

Fedora 20, the last codenamed release named "Heisenbug", was released on December 17, 2013. Some of the features of Fedora 20 include: *

3.10 *

ARM In human anatomy, the arm refers to the upper limb in common usage, although academically the term specifically means the upper arm between the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) and the elbow joint. The distal part of the upper limb between ...

as primary architecture in addition to x86 and x86_64 *Replacement of the gnome-packagekit frontends with a new application installer, tentatively named gnome-software Shortly after the release of Fedora 20, the Fedora project team decided to abolish the codename system completely due to inconvenience, which meant that future Fedora releases would only be referred to by their version number.

Fedora 21

Fedora 21, the first version without a codename, was released on December 9, 2014. *

desktop 3.14 with several minor visual enhancements *Due to concerns regarding lack of direction, Fedora introduced three flavors, each providing different specialized sets of preinstalled packages depending on use purpose: Workstation, Server, and Cloud.

Fedora 22

Fedora 22 was released on May 26, 2015. Major features include: *

3.16 with a completely redesigned notification system and automatically hiding scrollbars * DNF replacing yum as the default package manager *The default display server for the

GNOME Display Manager GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a display manager (a graphical login manager) for the windowing systems X11 and Wayland. The X Window System by default uses the XDM display manager. However, resolving XDM configuration issues typically inv ...

being Wayland instead of Xorg

Fedora 23

Fedora 23 was released on November 3, 2015. *GNOME desktop 3.18 *Inclusion of the

5 update *The Fedora release updater, FedUp, was integrated into DNF. Thus, FedUp was deprecated. *It uses a Python3 (specifically python3.4.3) as the operating system's default Python implementation. See also.

Fedora 24

Fedora 24 was released on June 21, 2016. Some notable system wide changes include: * GNOME Desktop 3.20 * GCC 6 * Python 3.5 * New system-wide font used by default

Fedora 25

Fedora 25 was released on November 22, 2016. Some notable changes (see for more) are the use of the Wayland display system, Unicode 9, PHP 7.0, Node.js 6 and IBus Emoji typing.

Fedora 26

Fedora 26 was released on July 11, 2017.

Fedora 27

Fedora 27 was released on November 14, 2017. The Workstation edition of Fedora 27 features GNOME 3.26. Both the Display and Network configuration panels have been updated, along with the overall Settings panel appearance improvement. The system search now shows more results at once, including the system actions. This release also features LibreOffice 5.4.

Fedora 28

Fedora 28 was released on May 1, 2018. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 and other derivatives are based on Fedora 28. Notable new features: a modular software repository and curated third-party software repositories.

Fedora 29

Fedora 29 was released on October 30, 2018. Notable new features: Fedora ''Modularity'' across all variants, a new optional package repository called Modular (also referred to as the "Application Stream" or AppStream), Gnome 3.30, ZRAM for ARM images, Fedora Scientific Vagrant images

Fedora 30

Fedora 30 was released on April 30, 2019. Its change set i
here

Fedora 31

Fedora 31 was released October 29, 2019. Its change set is

here Here may refer to: Music * ''Here'' (Adrian Belew album), 1994 * ''Here'' (Alicia Keys album), 2016 * ''Here'' (Cal Tjader album), 1979 * ''Here'' (Edward Sharpe album), 2012 * ''Here'' (Idina Menzel album), 2004 * ''Here'' (Merzbow album), ...

Fedora 32

Fedora 32 was released April 28, 2020. Its change set is

Fedora 33

Fedora 33 was released on October 27, 2020. Its change set is

. Fedora 33 Workstation Edition was the first version of the operating system to default to using

as its default file system, and replacement of a

swap partition In computer operating systems, memory paging is a memory management scheme that allows the physical memory used by a program to be non-contiguous. This also helps avoid the problem of memory fragmentation and requiring compaction to reduce fra ...

with zram. It featured version 3.38 of the

desktop environment In computing, a desktop environment (DE) is an implementation of the desktop metaphor made of a bundle of programs running on top of a computer operating system that share a common graphical user interface (GUI), sometimes described as a graphi ...

, and Linux kernel 5.8.15. For the first time since version 7, Fedora defaulted to a slideshow background (four png images of the Earth, from space) that changes hue according to the time of day.

GNU nano GNU nano is a text editor for Unix-like computing systems or operating environments using a command line interface. It emulates the Pico text editor, part of the Pine email client, and also provides additional functionality. Unlike Pico, nano i ...

became the default

text editor A text editor is a type of computer program that edits plain text. An example of such program is "notepad" software (e.g. Windows Notepad). Text editors are provided with operating systems and software development packages, and can be used to c ...

for the

command-line interface A command-line interface (CLI) is a means of interacting with software via command (computing), commands each formatted as a line of text. Command-line interfaces emerged in the mid-1960s, on computer terminals, as an interactive and more user ...

in place of vi. Fedora IoT, while previously available as a "Fedora Spin", was promoted to an official edition of the operating system.

Fedora 34

Fedora 34 was released April 27, 2021. Its change set is

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a commercial Linux distribution developed by Red Hat. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is released in server versions for x86-64, Power ISA, ARM64, and IBM Z and a desktop version for x86-64. Fedora Linux and ...

9 and other derivatives are based on Fedora 34. Its change set includes GNOME 40, filesystem compression by default, exclusive use of Pipewire, and defaulting KDE Plasma to Wayland.

Fedora 35

Fedora 35 was released on November 2, 2021. Its change set is

Fedora 36

Fedora 36 was released on May 10, 2022. Its change set is

Fedora 37

Fedora 37 was released on November 15, 2022. Its change set is

Fedora 38

Fedora 38 was released on April 18, 2023. Its change set is

Fedora 39

Fedora 39 was released on November 7, 2023. Its change set is

Fedora 40

Fedora 40 was released on April 23, 2024. Its change set is

Fedora 41

Fedora 41 was released on October 29, 2024. Its change set is

Fedora 42

Fedora 42 was released on April 15, 2025. Its change set is

. This version saw the

Spin promoted to an edition on the same level as Fedora Workstation with

(which is now at version 48).

Images gallery

File:Fedora Core 1.png, Fedora Core 1 File:Fedora Core 2.png, Fedora Core 2 File:Fedora Core 3.png, Fedora Core 3 File:Fedora Core 4.png, Fedora Core 4 File:Fedora Core 5.png, Fedora Core 5 File:Fedora Core 6 Desktop.png, Fedora Core 6 File:Fedora 7 Desktop.png, Fedora Core 7 File:Fedora 8 GNOME.png, Fedora 8 File:Fedora.png, Fedora 9 File:Fedora 10 GNOME.png, Fedora 10 File:Fedora 11 GNOME.png, Fedora 11 File:Fedora 12 GNOME.png, Fedora 12 File:Fedora 13 GNOME.png, Fedora 13 File:Fedora 14 GNOME.png, Fedora 14 File:Fedora 15 GNOME.png, Fedora 15 File:Fedora 16 default Desktop.png, Fedora 16 File:Fedora-17-GNOME-Desktop.png, Fedora 17 File:Fedora 18 with GNOME.png, Fedora 18 File:Fedora 19 with GNOME.png, Fedora 19 File:Fedora 20 with GNOME.png, Fedora 20 File:Fedora21.png, Fedora 21 File:Fedora 22 GNOME 3.16.png, Fedora 22 File:Fedora 29 GNOME.png, Fedora 29 File:Fedora 30 GNOME.png, Fedora 30 File:Fedora 31.png, Fedora 31 File:Fedora 32 GNOME desktop.png, Fedora 32 File:Fedora 33 GNOME Desktop en.png, Fedora 33 File:Fedora 34 GNOME Desktop Day en.png, Fedora 34 File:Fedora Workstation 35.png, Fedora 35 File:Fedora 36 workstation default appearance.png, Fedora 36 File:Screenshot from 2022-11-27 14-51-20.png, Fedora 37 File:Fedora 38 GNOME.png, Fedora 38 File:Fedora 39 GNOME.png, Fedora 39 File:Fedora Workstation 40.png, Fedora 40 File:Fedora 41 With Gnome 47.png, Fedora 41

References

External links

* *{{DistroWatch, fedoralinux, NAME=Fedora Linux Fedora Project Lists of operating systems Software version histories