Fatix Säyfi-Qazanlı
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Fatix Säyfi-Qazanlı (, , ; 1888–1938) was a Russian public figure and writer. Executed during the
Great Purge The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (), also known as the Year of '37 () and the Yezhovshchina ( , ), was a political purge in the Soviet Union that took place from 1936 to 1938. After the Assassination of Sergei Kirov, assassination of ...
, he was subsequently rehabilitated.


Biography

Fatix Säyfi was born on March 22, 1888, in the village of Qaramalı to a middle-class peasant family. During the famine of 1891–1892 his family moved to
Kazan Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1. ...
, where Säyfi studied at
Möxämmädiä Möxəmmədiyə (, , ) was a madrasa in Kazan that was attached to . Brief history It was created in 1882 by Ğəlimcan Barudi with the assistance of Zaynulla Rasulev, Zəynulla Rəsül and received its name in honour of Möxəmmətcan Ğəli, ...
madarasa. After graduating from the madrasa, he worked as a teacher in Minzälä Uyezd; then he returned to Kazan to work as a journalist, collaborating with various Tatar-language newspapers and journals, such as ''Yoldız'', ''Tormış'', ''Añ'', ''Yalt-Yolt'' and ''Aq yul''. In 1912, Säyfi moved to Ufa and worked as a history lecturer in
Ğäliä Ğəliyə () was a madrasa that was attached existed to Ufa's second cathedral mosque and existed between 1906 and 1919. Its founder and director was Zıya Kamali. Since 1907, Ğəliyə was located in a three-story building, specially built at th ...
madrasa between 1915 and 1917. After the
February Revolution The February Revolution (), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution or February Coup was the first of Russian Revolution, two revolutions which took place in Russia ...
Säyfi-Qazanlı began to engage in political activities. Together with Ğalimcan İbrahimof and Şärif Sünçäläy he began to publish a newspaper called ''İrek'' (Freedom). In June 1917 he participated in the Second All-Russian Muslim Congress; the same year he was elected to
Millät Mäclese The Millät Mäjlese (National Assembly) was a national assembly of Muslim Turko-Tatars of Inner Russia and Siberia that was created by the decision of Second All-Russian Muslim Congress and worked in Ufa from 20 November 1917 to 11 January 1918 ...
, where he was a member of ''Tupraqçılar'' (supporters of territorial autonomy) faction and participated in the activities of its finance, legislative, mandate, and territorial autonomy commissions. He was also elected to the Central Committee of the Tatar Socialist Revolutionary Party. In 1918, Säyfi-Qazanlı returned to Kazan and began to work in the Central Muslim Comissariat led by
Mullanur Waxitov Mullanur Mullacan ulı Waxitov Mullanur Waxitov ( Tatar Cyrillic and , ), also spelled Vakhitov (10 August 1885 – August 1918) was a Tatar revolutionary active in the Russian Revolution. Early life Born in Kazan, he entered secondary school ...
. During the
Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...
he taught history and social sciences, as well as military-political and military red commander training courses, at technical schools and other institutions and at the same time actively wrote in the first Tatar Soviet newspapers such as ''Eşçe '' (Moscow) and '' Eş'' (
Kazan Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1. ...
). In 1920 he became a member of the Communist Party. After the creation of the Tatar ASSR he worked at its People's Commissariats of Education and Agriculture. In 1923–1925 he was the chief editor of the ''Qızıl Tatarstan'' newspaper. Being an active supporter of Latinisation of the Tatar language, Fatix Säyfi-Qazanlı was elected chairman of the ''Jaꞑalif Society'', the aim of which was the transfer of the Tatar script from
Arabic script The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic (Arabic alphabet) and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin script), the second-most widel ...
to
Latin script The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia. The Gree ...
. As the chairman of the society and editor-in-chief of its journal, also called ''Jaꞑalif'' (1927–1929), he played one of the most active roles in the implementation of the new script. In 1930–1935, he worked in various educational institutions of Kazan. In 1936, Fatix Säyfi-Qazanlı was arrested as a part of a falsified case of the ''Counter-Revolutionary Trotskyist-Nationalist Terrorist Organization''. He was
sentenced to death Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in s ...
on August 3, 1937, by the
Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union () was created in 1924 by the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union as a court for the higher military and political personnel of the Red Army and Fleet. In addition it was an immed ...
and
executed Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence (law), sentence ordering that an offender b ...
the same day. He was rehabilitated in 1958.


Literary works

Säyfi-Qazanlı's literary works include: * plays ( (Our time, 1912), (Ugly life, 1915), (Enemies, 1921), (The Genealogy of Zäquan
Mullah Mullah () is an honorific title for Islam, Muslim clergy and mosque Imam, leaders. The term is widely used in Iran and Afghanistan and is also used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and Sharia, sharia law. The title h ...
, 1929) and others). * stories and novels ( (A stranger, 1921), (Three pines, 1930), (First steps, 1933) and others). His works addressed the dark side of the old life in the post-revolutionary years, and the events of the civil war and socialist construction, and kolkhozization era. These works have a special place in the history of Tatar literature as literary reflections of the life of that period, the phenomena of class struggle, and the characteristics of the birth and formation of a new person in those conditions. He also wrote articles about literary works of , Şäyexzädä Babiç, Mäcit Ğafuri, and others; in his work called (Three Tatar classics, 1929) Säyfi-Qazanlı examined literary works of Fatix Ämirxan, Ğäliäsğar Kamal and Säğit Sünçäläy. He participated in the preparation for publication of the collected works of
Ğabdulla Tuqay Ğabdulla Möxəmmətğərif ulı Tuqay () was a Volga Tatars, Volga Tatar poet, critic, publisher, and towering figure of Tatar literature. Tuqay is often referred to as the founder of modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary lang ...
and Ğäliäsğar Kamal. Fatix Säyfi-Qazanlı was also the author of books and booklets about the history of Tatarstan, Russia, the French Revolution, history textbooks for secondary schools and articles of an atheistic nature.


Family

He was married to , a journalist, translator and writer.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Sayfi Qazanli, Fatix Great Purge victims from Russia Soviet rehabilitations 1888 births 1938 deaths