Eupatorieae is a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

of over 2000D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume editors. Klaus Kubitzky, general editor). Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Heidelberg. species of plants in the family

Asteraceae Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchi ...

. Most of the species are native to

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...

, and warm

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

areas of the Americas, but some are found elsewhere.Turner,B.L.(1997). Eupatorieae. In: Turner,Billie Lee (editor) ''The Compositae of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae,'' vol.1. Phytologia Memoirs 11:i-iv,1-272. Well-known members are ''

Stevia rebaudiana ''Stevia rebaudiana'' is a plant species in the genus ''Stevia (genus), Stevia'' of the family Asteraceae. It is commonly known as candyleaf, sweetleaf or sugarleaf. It is a small seasonal plant which grows to a height of . It has elongated lea ...

'' (used as a

sugar substitute A sugar substitute or artificial sweetener, is a food additive that provides a sweetness like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy than sugar-based sweeteners, making it a zero-calorie () or low-calorie sweetener. Arti ...

), a number of

medicinal plant Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for various functions, including Plant defense against h ...

s (''

Eupatorium ''Eupatorium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing from 36 to 60 species depending on the classification system. Most are Herbaceous plant, herbaceous perennial plant, perennials growing to tall. A few are shrubs ...

''), and a variety of late summer to autumn blooming garden flowers, including ''

Ageratum ''Ageratum'' () (whiteweed in the US) is a genus of 40 to 60 tropical and warm temperate flowering annuals and perennials from the family (biology), family Asteraceae, tribe (biology), tribe Eupatorieae. Most species are native plant, native t ...

'' (flossflower), ''

Conoclinium ''Conoclinium'', the mistflowers, is a genus of four species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, native to North America. They are tall, and have blue to purple or violet flowers (occasionally white). The plants of this genus have sometim ...

'' (mistflower), and ''

Liatris ''Liatris'' (), commonly known as gayfeather and blazing star is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae native to North America (Canada, United States, Mexico and the Bahamas). Some species are used ...

'' (blazing star or gayfeather). Plants in this tribe have only

disc floret Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fa ...

s (no

ray floret Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fam ...

s) and their petals are white, slightly yellowish off-white, pink, or purple (never a full yellow). Within the

aster family Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fam ...

, the Eupatorieae are in the subfamily

Asteroideae Asteroideae is a subfamily of the plant family Asteraceae. It contains about 70% of the species of the family. It consists of several tribes, including Astereae, Calenduleae, Eupatorieae, Gnaphalieae, Heliantheae, Senecioneae and Tageteae. ...

. Within Asteroideae, they are in the supertribe Helianthodae.Robinson,H.E. 2002. "New supertribes, Helianthodae and Senecionodae, for the subfamily Asteroideae (Asteraceae)". ''Phytologia'' 86(3):116-120 Within Helianthodae, they belong to an informal group without taxonomic rank called the phytomelanin cypsela clade, which contains 11 tribes. The sister tribe of Eupatorieae is probably Perityleae. This result received moderate statistical support (68% bootstrap percentage) in a study published in 2002.Panero,J.L., & Funk,V.A.. 2002. "Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)". ''Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington'' 115(4):909-922

Genera

The largest genera and the approximate number of species in each are: ''Mikania'' (440), ''Ageratina'' (290), ''Stevia'' (200), ''Chromolaena'' (165), ''Koanophyllon'' (120), ''Brickellia'' (100), and ''Fleischmannia'' (95). Eupatorieae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as April 2022: *'' Acanthostyles'' *''

Acritopappus ''Acritopappus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus in 1972.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Je ...

'' *'' Adenocritonia'' *'' Adenostemma'' *'' Ageratella'' *''

Ageratina ''Ageratina'', commonly known as snakeroot, is a genus of over 300 species of Perennial plant, perennials and rounded shrubs in the family (biology), family Asteraceae. These plants grow mainly in the warmer regions of the Americas and West Ind ...

'' *''

'' *'' Agrianthus'' *'' Alomia'' *'' Alomiella'' *'' Amboroa'' *'' Amolinia'' *''

Antillia Antillia (or Antilia) is a phantom island that was reputed, during the 15th-century age of exploration, to lie in the Atlantic Ocean, far to the west of Portugal and Spain. The island also went by the name of Isle of Seven Cities (''Ilha das Se ...

'' *''

Aristeguietia ''Aristeguietia'' is a genus of about 21 species of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae of the family Asteraceae. It is found from Colombia to southern Peru, with one species in Chile. ; Species References

Aristeguietia, Astera ...

'' *'' Arrojadocharis'' *'' Asanthus'' *'' Ascidiogyne'' *'' Asplundianthus'' *'' Austrobrickellia'' *'' Austrocritonia'' *'' Austroeupatorium'' *'' Ayapana'' *'' Ayapanopsis'' *''

Badilloa ''Badilloa'' is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the family Asteraceae. Ulloa Ulloa, C. and P. M. Jørgensen''Badilloa''.''Árboles y arbustos de los Andes del Ecuador''. ''Badilloa'' is native to the Andes of northwestern South America, fro ...

'' *'' Bahianthus'' *'' Barroetea'' *'' Barrosoa'' *''

Bartlettina ''Bartlettina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to tropical regions of Mesoamerica and South America.Bejaranoa'' *'' Bishopiella'' *'' Bishovia'' *'' Blakeanthus'' *''

Brickellia ''Brickellia'' is a North American genus of about 100 to 110 species of plants in the family Asteraceae, known commonly as brickellbushes. They are found in Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Many species are native to the A ...

'' *'' Brickelliastrum'' *'' Campovassouria'' *'' Campuloclinium'' *'' Carminatia'' *''

Carphephorus ''Carphephorus'' is a genus of North American plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to the southeastern United States from Louisiana to Virginia. Plants of this genus are known commonly as chaffheads.Carphochaete'' *'' Castanedia'' *'' Catolesia'' *'' Cavalcantia'' *'' Centenaria'' *'' Chacoa'' *''

Chromolaena ''Chromolaena'' is a genus of about 165 species of perennials and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. The name is derived from the Greek words (), meaning "color", and () or () meaning "cloak". It refers to the colored phyllaries of some species ...

'' *'' Ciceronia'' *'' Condylidium'' *'' Condylopodium'' *'' Conocliniopsis'' *''

'' *'' Corethamnium'' *'' Critonia'' *'' Critoniadelphus'' *'' Critoniella'' *'' Cronquistia'' *''

Cronquistianthus ''Cronquistianthus'' is a genus of shrubs native to the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The genus is named after the American botanist Arthur John Cronquist Arthur John Cronquist (March 19, 1919 – March 22, 1992) was an American b ...

'' *'' Crossothamnus'' *'' Dasycondylus'' *'' Decachaeta'' *'' Diacranthera'' *'' Dissothrix'' *'' Disynaphia'' *'' Dyscritogyne'' *'' Eitenia'' *'' Ellenbergia'' *'' Erythradenia'' *'' Eupatoriastrum'' *'' Eupatorina'' *'' Eupatoriopsis'' *''

'' *''

Eutrochium ''Eutrochium'' is a North American genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are commonly referred to as Joe-Pye weeds. They are native to the United States and Canada, and have non-dissected foliage and pigmented flower ...

'' *'' Ferreyrella'' *''

Fleischmannia ''Fleischmannia'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The name honours Gottfried F. Fleischmann (1777–1850), the teacher of Carl Heinrich Schultz at University of Erlangen–Nuremberg. Members of the genus are native to Sou ...

'' *'' Fleischmanniopsis'' *''

Flyriella ''Flyriella'' is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, and the species are commonly called brickellbush. They are native to Texas and Mexico. Species Species:Turner, B.L. 1997. The Comps of Mexico: A systematic account ...

'' *''

Garberia ''Garberia'' is a monotypic taxon, monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing the single species ''Garberia heterophylla''.Gardnerina'' *'' Gongrostylus'' *''

Goyazianthus ''Goyazianthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume editors. Klaus ...

'' *''

Grazielia ''Grazielia'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume edi ...

'' *'' Grisebachianthus'' *'' Grosvenoria'' *'' Guayania'' *''

Guevaria ''Guevaria'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.Gymnocondylus'' *'' Gymnocoronis'' *'' Gyptidium'' *'' Gyptis'' *'' Hartwrightia'' *'' Hatschbachiella'' *''

Hebeclinium ''Hebeclinium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to South America and Mesoamerica.

'' *'' Helogyne'' *'' Heterocondylus'' *'' Hofmeisteria'' *'' Hughesia'' *'' Idiothamnus'' *'' Iltisia'' *'' Imeria'' *'' Isocarpha'' *'' Jaliscoa'' *'' Jaramilloa'' *'' Kaunia'' *''

Koanophyllon ''Koanophyllon'' is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae. They are perennials and shrubs (rarely vines or trees) and are native to South America, Central America, the West Indies, Mexico, with a few species range extending into the United S ...

'' *'' Kyrsteniopsis'' *'' Lapidia'' *'' Lasiolaena'' *'' Lepidesmia'' *'' Leptoclinium'' *''

Leto In ancient Greek mythology and Ancient Greek religion, religion, Leto (; ) is a childhood goddess, the daughter of the Titans Coeus and Phoebe (Titaness), Phoebe, the sister of Asteria, and the mother of Apollo and Artemis.Hesiod, ''Theogony' ...

'' *''

'' *'' Litothamnus'' *'' Litrisa'' *'' Lomatozona'' *'' Lorentzianthus'' *'' Lourteigia'' *'' Macropodina'' *'' Macvaughiella'' *'' Malmeanthus'' *'' Malperia'' *'' Matudina'' *'' Metastevia'' *'' Mexianthus'' *'' Microspermum'' *''

Mikania ''Mikania'' is a genus of about 450 species of plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. The name honors the Czech botanist Johann Christian Mikan, 1743–1814. Members of the genus are stem twiners and lianas and are common ...

'' *'' Monogereion'' *'' Morithamnus'' *''

Neocabreria ''Neocabreria'' is a genus of Brazilian flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & C ...

'' *'' Neocuatrecasia'' *'' Neohintonia'' *'' Neomirandea'' *'' Nesomia'' *'' Nothobaccharis'' *'' Oaxacania'' *''

Ophryosporus ''Ophryosporus'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.Meyen, Franz Julius Ferdinand. 1834. Reise um die Erde 1: 402 ; Species ; formerly included Several once considered part of '' ...

'' *'' Osmiopsis'' *'' Oxylobus'' *''Pachythamnus'' – synonym of ''

'' *'' Parapiqueria'' *'' Peteravenia'' *'' Phalacraea'' *'' Phanerostylis'' *'' Phania'' *'' Piptothrix'' *'' Piqueria'' *'' Piqueriella'' *'' Piqueriopsis'' *'' Planaltoa'' *'' Platypodanthera'' *'' Pleurocoronis'' *'' Polyanthina'' *'' Praxeliopsis'' *'' Praxelis'' *'' Prolobus'' *'' Pseudobrickellia'' *'' Radlkoferotoma'' *'' Raulinoreitzia'' *'' Revealia'' *'' Santosia'' *'' Sartorina'' *'' Scherya'' *'' Sciadocephala'' *'' Sclerolepis'' *'' Semiria'' *'' Shinnersia'' *'' Siapaea'' *'' Spaniopappus'' *'' Sphaereupatorium'' *'' Standleyanthus'' *''

Stevia Stevia () is a sweet sugar substitute that is about 50 to 300 times sweetness, sweeter than sugar. It is extracted from the leaves of ''Stevia rebaudiana'', a plant native to areas of Paraguay and Brazil. The active compounds in stevia are ...

'' *'' Steviopsis'' *''

Steyermarkina ''Steyermarkina'' is a genus of South American plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.Stomatanthes ''Stomatanthes'' is a genus of African and South American plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. Classification Although ''Stomatanthes'' is classified in the subtribe Eupatoriinae in the influential 1987 classification ...

'' *'' Stylotrichium'' *''

Symphyopappus ''Symphyopappus'' is a genus of South American plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.Tamaulipa ''Tamaulipa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species ''Tamaulipa azurea'', commonly known as blue boneset. The generic name refers to the Sta ...

'' *'' Teixeiranthus'' *'' Trichocoronis'' *'' Trichogonia'' *'' Trichogoniopsis'' *''

Trilisa ''Trilisa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. Some taxonomists group ''Trilisa'' and '' Litrisa'' into the genus ''Carphephorus''. ; Species * '' Trilisa odoratissima'' (J.F.Gmel.) Cass. - Lou ...

'' *'' Tuberostylis'' *'' Uleophytum'' *''

Urbananthus ''Urbananthus'' is a genus of Caribbean plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Je ...

'' *'' Urolepis'' *'' Vittetia'' *'' Zyzyura''

Classification

In 1987, Robert M. King and Harold E. Robinson wrote a book on Eupatorieae.King,R.M., and Robinson,H.E. 1987. ''The Genera of Eupatorieae'' Missouri Botanical Garden Monographs in Systematic Botany 22:1-581. Missouri Botanical Garden/Allen Press. Lawrence, Kansas, USA. In this book, they divided the tribe into 18 subtribes. These are Hofmeisteriinae, Oxylobinae, Oaxacaniinae, Mikaniinae, Trichocoroninae, Adenostemmatinae, Fleischmanniinae, Ageratinae, Eupatoriinae, Liatrinae, Praxelinae, Gyptidinae, Disynaphiinae, Ayapaninae, Alomiinae, Critoniinae, Hebecliniinae, and Neomirandeinae. In 1994, Kare Bremer did a cladistic analysis of Eupatorieae in his book on the family Asteraceae. He recognized only 16 subtribes, subsuming Neomirandeinae into Hebecliniinae. In 2007, D. J. Nicholas Hind and Harold E. Robinson covered Eupatorieae for ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants''. They recognized 17 subtribes equivalent to those of King and Robinson (1987) except that Oaxacaniinae was placed in the synonymy of Hofmeisteriinae. The division of this tribe into subtribes is provisional and likely to change when more data, especially DNA sequence data, becomes available. No DNA study has yet included a large number of species and sampled widely in Eupatorieae, but 3 studies have investigated Eupatorium and its relatives within the tribe. These 3 studies are the basis for the phylogeny shown below. In some of the older works, the genus ''

'' has been circumscribed to include as many as 1200 species, over a third of the species in the tribe. In more recent works, ''

'' has been defined to contain about 40–45 species, with the main differences between authors being whether to include ''

'' and whether certain populations should be considered species, varieties, or hybrids. As more becomes known about the Eupatorieae, other genera will surely have to be revised as well. A partial phylogeny of the tribe (focusing on ''

'' and some of the other North American genera) is: From the positions of ''Stevia'' and ''Stomatanthes'' in the phylogeny, some of the subtribes are probably polyphyletic. Many of the branches in the tree above have only weak statistical support, so this tree can not serve as a basis for re-classification. For convenience, the genera will remain in their current subtribes until a much larger data set enables the production of a more robustly supported phylogeny.

Subtribes

In terms of the number of genera, the largest subtribes are Critoniinae (40), Gyptidinae (29), Ageratinae (26), Alomiinae (23), Ayapaninae (13), and Oxylobinae (9). *Gyptidinae, found mostly in eastern Brazil, is known to be polyphyletic. Hind and Robinson divide it into 3 groups based on Gyptis, Agrianthus, and Litothamnus. Includes: '' Gyptis'', '' Trichogonia'', '' Campuloclinium'', ''

'', '' Agrianthus'', '' Lasiolaena'', and '' Litothamnus''. *Critoniinae. Includes: '' Critonia'', '' Fleischmanniopsis'', ''

'', and ''

''.

References

External links

* *
Eupatorieae
In
Ed Schilling's Website
* * *
USDA Plants
U.S. Department of Agriculture Plants Database {{Taxonbar, from=Q135371 Asteraceae tribes