The Doridina,
common name
In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...
dorid nudibranchs, are a
taxonomic
280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...
suborder
Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...
of
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s or
slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less Terrestrial mollusc, terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusc
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...
s in the
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
...
Nudibranchia. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) rejected the name
Anthobranchia
The Doridina, common name dorid nudibranchs, are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic suborder of sea snails or sea slug, slugs, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the order (biology), order Nudibranchia. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) rejected the ...
on the grounds that it also included ''
Onchidium
''Onchidium'' is a genus of air-breathing sea slugs, shell-less marine (ocean), marine pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Onchidiidae.
Species
Some authors recognize only four species in the genus. The World Register ...
'' at the time of original publication. Doridina is equivalent and used in the latest classification.
[Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526.]
A morphological
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...
study, published in 2000, by Wägele & Willan showed that the subclade Gnathodoridacea (= Bathydoridoidea) and the subclade Doridacea (= Phanerobranchia + Cryptobranchia + Porostomata) each form a
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
group.
In a later study, published in 2002, A. Valdés concluded that the superfamilies Doridoidea and Phyllidioidea (called by him Cryptobranchia + Porostomata) formed a
clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
. He expanded the usage of Cryptobranchia to encompass the whole subclade Doridacea.
This move was not followed in the
taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi.
Taxonomy
clade Gnathodoridacea (synonym of Bathydoridoidei)
*Superfamily
Bathydoridoidea
**Family
Bathydorididae
clade Doridacea
*Superfamily
Doridoidea
Doridoidea, commonly known as dorid nudibranchs (and previously known as the taxon Cryptobranchia), are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Taxonomic rank, superfamily of medium to large, shell-less sea slugs, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc ...
**Family
Dorididae
Sea lemon is a loosely applied common name for a group of medium-sized to large shell-less colorful sea slugs or nudibranchs, specifically dorid nudibranchs in the taxonomic family Dorididae and other closely related families. These are marine ...
**Family
Actinocyclidae
Actinocyclidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea. This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea.
Taxonomy
Genera within the family Actinocyclidae include:
* '' Actinocyclus'' ...
**Family
Chromodorididae
Chromodorididae, or chromodorids, are a taxonomic family of colourful sea slugs; dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea. “Chromodorid nudibranchs are among the most gorgeously coloured of all animals. ...
**Family
Discodorididae
Discodorididae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea.Bouchet, P. (2011). Discodorididae. Accessed through: ...
*Superfamily
Phyllidioidea
Phyllidioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of colorful sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks.
Taxonomy
*Family Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814
*Family Dendrodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924
*Family Mandeliidae
Mandela's nudibranch, ...
**Family
Phyllidiidae
Phyllidiidae is a family (biology), family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Phyllidioidea.
This family is within the clade Doridacea (according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouch ...
**Family
Dendrodorididae
Dendrodorididae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the Superfamily Phyllidioidea.
Genera
A maximum-parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S mtDNA gene, performed in 2003, has ...
**Family
Mandeliidae
Mandela's nudibranch, ''Mandelia mirocornata'', is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc, the only member of the genus ''Mandelia'' and the family Mandeliidae. The genus and family name honor Nelson Mande ...
*Superfamily
Onchidoridoidea
Onchidoridoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusc
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 ...
(= Phanerobranchiata Suctoria)
**Family
Akiodorididae
Akiodorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Onchidoridoidea
Onchidoridoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusc
...
**Family
Onchidorididae
Onchidorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Onchidoridoidea.Thompson, T. E., & Brown, G.H., 1984Biology of opisthobranch Molluscs.Vol. 2. Ray Society; London. 1-229, p.49
...
**Family
Corambidae
Corambidae is a family name for sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusc
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant ta ...
**Family
Goniodorididae
Goniodorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Opisthobranchia.
Subfamilies
* Anculinae
* Goniodorinae
Genera
Genera in the family Goniodorididae include:
* '' Anc ...
*Superfamily
Polyceroidea
Polyceroidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Doridacea.
Families
Families within the superfamily Polyceroidea include:
*Family Aegiridae - In Bouchet & Rocroi (200 ...
(= Phanerobranchiata Non Suctoria)
**Family
Polyceridae
The Polyceridae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Polyceroidea.
Taxonomy
The family Polyceridae is classified within the clade Doridacea, itself belonging to the clade Eu ...
**Family
Aegiridae – In Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) is incorrect subsequent spelling Aegiretidae.
**Family
Gymnodorididae
The Polyceridae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Polyceroidea.
Taxonomy
The family Polyceridae is classified within the clade Doridacea, itself belonging to the clade Eu ...
**Family
Hexabranchidae
**Family
Okadaiidae
References
Further reading
*Belick F. P. (1975) "Additional opisthobranch mollusks from Oregon". ''The Veliger'' 17(3): 276–277.
*Goddard J. H. r. (1984) "The opisthobranchs of Cape Arago, Oregon, with notes on their biology and a summary of benthic opisthobranchs known from Oregon". ''The Veliger'' 27(2): 143–163.
*Lance J. R. (1967) "The holotype of the abyssal dorid nudibranch ''Bathydoris aoica'' Marcus & Marcus, 1962". ''The Veliger'' 9(4): 410.
*Marcus Ev. & Marcus Er. (1962) "A new species of the Gnathodoridacea". ''Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências'' 34: 269–275.
*Valdés Á. & Bertsch H. (2000) "Redescription and range extension of ''Bathydoris aioca'' Marcus & Marcus, 1962 (Nudibranchia: Gnathodoridoidea)". ''The Veliger'' 43(2): 172–178.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5406332
Nudibranchia