{{Infobox programming language , name = Euclid , logo = , paradigm =

multi-paradigm Programming paradigms are a way to classify programming languages based on their features. Languages can be classified into multiple paradigms. Some paradigms are concerned mainly with implications for the execution model of the language, su ...

: structured, imperative,

functional Functional may refer to: * Movements in architecture: ** Functionalism (architecture) ** Form follows function * Functional group, combination of atoms within molecules * Medical conditions without currently visible organic basis: ** Functional s ...

, year = 1970s , designer =

Butler Lampson Butler W. Lampson, ForMemRS, (born December 23, 1943) is an American computer scientist best known for his contributions to the development and implementation of distributed personal computing. Education and early life After graduating from the ...

Xerox PARC PARC (Palo Alto Research Center; formerly Xerox PARC) is a research and development company in Palo Alto, California. Founded in 1969 by Jacob E. "Jack" Goldman, chief scientist of Xerox Corporation, the company was originally a division of Xer ...

, developer = Ric Holt and

James Cordy James Reginald Cordy (born January 2, 1950) is a Canadian computer scientist and educator who is Professor Emeritus in the School of Computing at Queen's University. As a researcher he is most recently active in the fields of source code analy ...

, latest_release_version = , latest release date = , typing = strong, static , implementations = , dialects = , influenced_by = Pascal , influenced =

Mesa A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a ...

Concurrent Euclid Concurrent Euclid (ConEuc) is a concurrent descendant of the Euclid programming language designed by James Cordy and Ric Holt, then at the University of Toronto, in 1980. ConEuc was designed for concurrent, high performance, highly reliable sy ...

, Turing , operating_system = , license = , website = , file_ext = Euclid is an imperative programming language for writing verifiable programs. It was designed by

and associates at the

lab in the mid-1970s. The implementation was led by Ric Holt at the

University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institu ...

and

was the principal programmer for the first implementation of the

compiler In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the ''source'' language) into another language (the ''target'' language). The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that ...

. It was originally designed for the

Motorola 6809 The Motorola 6809 ("''sixty-eight-oh-nine''") is an 8-bit microprocessor with some 16-bit features. It was designed by Motorola's Terry Ritter and Joel Boney and introduced in 1978. Although source compatible with the earlier Motorola 6800, the 6 ...

microprocessor. It was considered innovative for the time; the compiler development team had a $2 million budget over 2 years and was commissioned by the

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. Originally known as the Adv ...

of the

U.S. Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government directly related to national secu ...

and the Canadian Department of National Defence. It was used for a few years at

I. P. Sharp Associates I. P. Sharp Associates (IPSA) was a major Canadian computer time-sharing, consulting and services firm of the 1970s and 1980s. IPSA is well known for its work on the programming language APL, an early packet switching computer network named IPSA ...

, MITRE Corporation,

SRI International SRI International (SRI) is an American nonprofit organization, nonprofit scientific research, scientific research institute and organization headquartered in Menlo Park, California. The trustees of Stanford University established SRI in 1946 as ...

and various other international institutes for research in systems programming and secure software systems. Euclid is descended from the

Pascal programming language Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, designed by Niklaus Wirth as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. It is named in honour of t ...

. Functions in Euclid are closed scopes, may not have side effects, and must explicitly declare imports. Euclid also disallows

goto GoTo (goto, GOTO, GO TO or other case combinations, depending on the programming language) is a statement found in many computer programming languages. It performs a one-way transfer of control to another line of code; in contrast a function c ...

s, floating point numbers, global assignments,

nested function In computer programming, a nested function (or nested procedure or subroutine) is a function which is defined within another function, the ''enclosing function''. Due to simple recursive scope rules, a nested function is itself invisible outside ...

s and aliases, and none of the actual parameters to a function can refer to the same thing. Euclid implements modules as types. Descendants of Euclid include the Mesa programming language, the Concurrent Euclid programming language and the Turing programming language.

External links

B.W. Lampson, J.J. Horning, R.L. London, J.G. Mitchell and G.J. Popek 1977. Report on the programming language Euclid. SIGPLAN Notices 12, 2 (February 1977), 1-79.R.C. Holt, D.B. Wortman, J.R. Cordy and D.R. Crowe 1978. The Euclid Language: a progress report. In Proceedings of the 1978 Annual Conference (Washington, D.C., United States, December 04 - 06, 1978), 111-115.D.B. Wortman and J.R. Cordy 1981. Early experiences with Euclid. In Proc. 5th international Conference on Software Engineering (San Diego, California, United States, March 09 - 12, 1981), 27-32.
Procedural programming languages Programming languages created in the 1970s Statically typed programming languages Systems programming languages