An eruption cyst, or eruption hematoma, is a bluish
swelling that occurs on the soft tissue over an erupting
tooth
A tooth ( : teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores and omnivores, also use teeth to help with capturing or wounding prey, tear ...
. It is usually found in children. The fluid in the
cyst is sometimes clear creating a pale-coloured cyst although often they are blue. An eruption cyst (eruption
hematoma
A hematoma, also spelled haematoma, or blood suffusion is a localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillary, capillaries. A he ...
) is a developmental soft-tissue cyst of
odontogenic origin that forms over an erupting
tooth
A tooth ( : teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores and omnivores, also use teeth to help with capturing or wounding prey, tear ...
. most commonly seen anterior to first molar
Clinical features
*common in children while rare in other ages and found in both dentition
*forms superficially in the
gingiva
The gums or gingiva (plural: ''gingivae'') consist of the mucosal tissue that lies over the mandible and maxilla inside the mouth. Gum health and disease can have an effect on general health.
Structure
The gums are part of the soft tissue lini ...
overlying the involved erupting tooth as soft, rounded and bluish swelling.
Histopathological features
*The
epithelial
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellula ...
lining of eruption cyst is similar to that of the
dentigerous cyst (non-
keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellul ...
), so the eruption cyst is considered a superficial dentigerous cyst.
*The fibrous capsule shows inflammatory cells possibly as a result of trauma.
*The epithelial lining of the cyst is separated from the
alveolar mucosa by a thin layer of fibrous tissue with the epithelial tags of
cystic
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue. Hence, it is a cluster of cells that have grouped together to form a sac (like the manner in which water molecules group together to form a bubble) ...
epithelium
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellul ...
facing those of the alveolar mucosa.
*The cystic cavity may contain blood in addition to the yellowish
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
fluid as a result of trauma.
Management
*The cyst roof may be drained with its fluid to allow the tooth to erupt although most of them burst spontaneously.
[ESSENTIALS OF ORAL PATHOLOGY BY MEMBERS OF ORAL PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT. FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY]
References
Dentistry