English Americans

English Americans (also known as Anglo-Americans) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. In the 2020 United States census, English Americans were the largest group in the United States with 46.6 million Americans self-identifying as having some English origins (many combined with another heritage) representing (19.8%) of the White American population. This includes 25,536,410 (12.5% of whites) identified as predominantly or "English alone".

Overview

Despite their status as the largest self-identified ancestral-origin group in the United States, demographers still regard the number of English Americans as an undercount. As most English Americans are the descendants of settlers who first arrived during the colonial period which began over 400 years ago, many Americans are either unaware of this heritage or choose to elect a more recent known ancestral group even if English is their primary ancestry.

The term is distinct from British Americans, which includes not only English Americans but also others from the United Kingdom such as Scottish, Scotch-Irish (descendants of Ulster Scots from Ulster and Northern Ireland), Welsh, Cornish, Manx Americans and Channel Islanders. In 1980, 49.6 million Americans claimed English ancestry. At 26.34%, this was the largest group amongst the 188 million people who reported at least one ancestry. The population was 226 million which would have made the English ancestry group 22% of the total.

Scotch-Irish Americans are for the most part descendants of Lowland Scots and Northern English (specifically County Durham, Cumberland, Northumberland and Yorkshire) settlers who migrated to Ireland during the Plantation of Ulster in the 17th century. Additionally, African Americans tend to have a significant degree of English and Lowland Scots ancestry tracing back to the Colonial period, typically ranging between 17 and 29%. English immigrants in the 19th century, as with other groups, sought economic prosperity. They began migrating in large numbers, without state support, in the 1840s and continued into the 1890s.

English American elites, known as "WASPs" ( White Anglo-Saxon Protestants), have dominated American society, culture, and politics for most of American history. The majority of presidents of the United States, as well as the majority of sitting U.S. congressmen and congresswomen, were born into families of English ancestry. The majority of the Founding Fathers of the United States were also of English ancestry. Ivy League universities such as Harvard University, Yale University, and Princeton University were established by and have been mostly composed of WASPs.

Historically, many different ethnic groups assimilated into the Anglo-American population during and after the British colonial period, specifically Germans, Irishmen, Swedes, French Huguenots, Native Americans, Africans, Dutchmen, and Finns. This intermarriage resulted in the creation of a uniquely Anglo-American frontier identity, specifically in the Upland South.

In states such as Texas, New Mexico, Louisiana, and California; former colonies of Spain and France, Anglo-American settlers developed a cohesive identity centered around their Protestantism, English language, and British colonial heritage. Despite the overwhelming majority of Anglo settlers being native-born white American Protestants of colonial immigrant ancestry, there were also English, French-Canadian, Irish, German, Jewish, Melungeon and even Catholic settlers as well. Many Anglos married into the families of Spanish, French, and Mexican elites.

An early expression of Anglo-American nationalism occurred during the Texas Revolution, when revolutionaries created flags which included the British Union Jack, George Washington, and elements of the American flag.

The term Anglo-American can be ambiguous and used in several different ways. While it is primarily intended to refer to people of English ancestry, it (along with terms like '' Anglo'', ''Anglic'', '' Anglophone'', and ''Anglophonic'') is also used to denote all people of British or Northwestern European ancestry. Most broadly it is used to include all people of Northwestern European ethnic origin who currently speak English as a mother tongue and their descendants are in the New World, thus including a large assimilated group of mostly protestant Europeans.Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief ''Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of ''Anglo'' in English: It is defined as a synonym for ''Anglo-American''--Page 86

Sense of identity

Americans of English heritage are often seen, and identify, as simply "American" due to the many historic cultural ties between England and the U.S. and their influence on the country's population. Relative to ethnic groups of other European origins, this may be due to the early establishment of English settlements; as well as to non-English groups having emigrated in order to establish significant communities.

Since 1776, English Americans have been less likely to proclaim their heritage, unlike other British Americans, Latino Americans, African Americans, Italian Americans, Irish Americans, Native Americans or other ethnic groups. This is a reason why numbers vary drastically between self-identification and estimates. A leading specialist, Charlotte Erickson, found them to be ethnically "invisible," dismissing the occasional St. George Societies as ephemeral elite clubs that were not in touch with a larger ethnic community. In Canada, by contrast, the English organized far more ethnic activism, as the English competed sharply with the well-organized French and Irish elements. In the United States, the Scottish immigrants were much better organized than the English in the 19th century, as were their descendants in the late 20th century.

Number of English Americans

The original 17th century settlers were overwhelmingly English. From the time of the first permanent English presence in the New World until the 1900s, these migrants and their descendants outnumbered all others firmly establishing the English cultural pattern as predominant for the American version.

1700–1775

According to studies and estimates, the ethnic populations in the British American Colonies from 1700 onwards were: (*Georgia not included)

Data

National origins: 1790–1900

The ancestries of the population in 1790 (the first national population census) has been estimated by various sources, first in 1909, then again in 1932, 1980 and 1984 by sampling distinctive surnames in the census and assigning them a country of origin. There is debate over the accuracy between the studies with individual scholars and the Federal Government using different techniques and conclusion for the ethnic composition.

A study published in 1909 titled ''A Century of Population Growth. From the First to the Twelfth census of the United States: 1790–1900'' by the Government Census Bureau estimated the English were 83.5%, 6.7% Scottish, 1.6% Irish, 2.0% Dutch, 0.5% French, 5.6% German and 0.1% all others of the white population for the 12 enumerated states. "Hebrews" (Jews) were less than one-tenth of 1 percent. When the Scotch and Irish are added, British origins would be more than 90% of the European ancestry.

The same 1909 data for each state (of the total European population only) of English ancestry were Connecticut 96.2%, Rhode Island 96.0%, Vermont 95.4%, Massachusetts 95.0%, New Hampshire 94.1%, Maine 93.1%, Virginia 85.0%, Maryland 84.0%, North Carolina 83.1%, South Carolina 82.4%, New York 78.2% and Pennsylvania 59.0%. CPG estimated that, of all European Americans in the Continental United States as of 1790, 82.1% were English, followed by 7.0% Scotch, 5.6% German, 2.5% Dutch, 1.9% Irish, and 0.6% French.

English American population estimates (1790)

The 1909 ''Century of Population Growth'' report came under intense scrutiny in the 1920s; its methodology was subject to criticism over fundamental flaws that cast doubt on the accuracy of its conclusions. The catalyst for controversy had been passage of the Immigration Act of 1924, which imposed numerical quotas on each country of Europe limiting the number of immigrants to be admitted out of a finite total annual pool. The size of each national quota was determined by the National Origins Formula, in part computed by estimating the origins of the colonial stock population descended from White Americans enumerated in the 1790 Census.

The undercount of other colonial stocks like German Americans and Irish Americans would thus have contemporary policy consequences. When CPG was produced in 1909, the concept of independent Ireland did not even exist. CPG made no attempt to further classify its estimated 1.9% Irish population to distinguish Celtic Irish Catholics of Gaelic Ireland, who in 1922 formed the independent Irish Free State, from the Scotch-Irish descendants of Ulster Scots and Anglo-Irish of the Plantation of Ulster, which became Northern Ireland and remained part of the United Kingdom. In 1927, proposed immigration quotas based on CPG figures were rejected by the President's Committee chaired by the Secretaries of State, Commerce, and Labor, with the President reporting to Congress "the statistical and historical information available raises grave doubts as to the whole value of these computations as the basis for the purposes intended."
Among the criticisms of ''A Century of Population Growth'':
* CPG failed to account for Anglicization of names, assuming any surname that could be English was actually English
* CPG failed to consider first names even when obviously foreign, assuming anyone with a surname that could be English was actually English
* CPG started by classifying all names as Scotch, Irish, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, or other. All remaining names which could not be classed with one of the 6 other listed nationalities, nor identified by the Census clerk as too exotic to be English, were assumed to be English
* CPG classification was an unscientific process by Census clerks with no training in history, genealogy, or linguistics, nor were scholars in those fields consulted
* CPG estimates were produced by a linear process with no checks on potential errors nor opportunity for peer review or scholarly revision once an individual clerk had assigned a name to a nationality

At the time of the first census in 1790, ''English'' was the majority ancestry in all U.S. states, ranging from a high of 96.2% in Connecticut to a low of 58.0% in New Jersey.

Concluding that CPG "had not been accepted by scholars as better than a first approximation of the truth", the Census Bureau commissioned a study to produce new scientific estimates of the colonial American population, in collaboration with the American Council of Learned Societies, in time to be adopted as basis for legal immigration quotas in 1929, and later published in the journal of the American Historical Association, reproduced in the table below. Note: as in the original CPG report, the "English" category encompassed England and Wales, grouping together all names classified as either "Anglican" (from England) or " Cambrian" (from Wales).

Estimated English American population in the Continental United States as of the 1790 Census.

Another source by Thomas L. Purvis in 1984 estimated that people of English ancestry made up about 47.5% of the total population or 60.9% of the European American or white population (his figures can also be found, and as divided by region, in Colin Bonwick, The American Revolution, 1991 p. 2540-839-1346-2). The study which gives similar results can be found in The American Revolution, Colin Bonwick in percentages for 1790: 47.9 English, 3.5 Welsh, 8.5 Scotch Irish (Ulster), 4.3 Scottish, 4.7 Irish (South), 7.2 German, 2.7 Dutch, 1.7 French, 0.2 Swedish, 19.3 Black, 103.4 British. The difference between the two estimates are found by comparing the ratios of the groups (adding and subtracting) to accommodate and adding the Welsh.

The category 'Irish' in the Bonwick study represents immigrants from Ireland outside the province of Ulster, the overwhelming majority of whom were Protestant and not ethnically Irish, though from Ireland. They were not Irish Catholics. By the time the American War for Independence started in 1776, Catholics were 1.6%, or 40,000 persons of the 2.5 million population of the 13 colonies.
Some 80.7% of the total United States population was of European origin.

Using the first model above, in 1900, an estimated 28,375,000 or 37.8% of the population of the United States was wholly or partly of English ancestry from colonial roots. The estimate was based on the Census Bureaus Estimate that approximately thirty five million white Americans were descended from colonial forebears.

Census

1980

In 1980, 23,748,772 Americans claimed only English ancestry and another 25,849,263 claimed English along with another ethnic ancestry. 13.3 million or 5.9% of the total U.S. population chose to identify as "American" (counted under "not specified") as also seen in censuses that followed. Below shows the persons who reported at least one specific ancestry are as follows.

1990

In 1990, the national level response rate for the question was high with 90.4% of the total United States population choosing at least one specific ancestry and 9.6% ignored the question completely. Of those who chose English, 66.9% of people chose it as their first response.
Totals for the English showed a considerable decrease from the previous census.
Responses for "American" slightly decreased both numerically and as a percentage from 5.9% to 5.2% in 1990 with most being from the South.

2000

In the 2000 census, 24.5 million or 8.7% of Americans reported English ancestry, a decline of some eight million people. At the national level, the response rate for the ancestry question fell to 80.1% of the total U.S. population, while 19.9% were unclassified or ignored the question completely. It was the fourth largest ancestral group. Some Cornish Americans may not identify as English American or British American, even though Cornwall had been part of England since long before their ancestors arrived in North America. Responses were:

2010 ACS

In 2010, the official census did not include a question on origins or ancestry. However, the American Community Survey enumerated Americans reporting English ancestry at 27.4 million, 9.0% of the U.S. population; in 2015, 24.8 million, 7.8% of the population. A decade thereafter, in 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau recorded 25.2 million Americans reporting full or partial English ancestry, about 7.7% of the U.S. population.

2020

Results for the 2020 United States census showed that English Americans were the largest group in the United States where 25,536,410 (12.5%) identified as "English alone" with a further 21 million choosing English combined with another ethnic origin.
The total is 46,550,968 Americans self-identifying as being of English origin representing (19.8%) of the White American alone or in any combination population.

Geographical distribution

1980

In the 1980 United States census, English ancestry was reported to be at around 49.6 million. This number had dramatically declined by the previously mentioned 2000 census, where 24.5 million people reported English ancestry.

One main reason for this is because once the American ancestry category was introduced for self-reporting ancestry, many people who previously reported having English origins reported as having "American" ancestry instead.

2000

English Americans are found in large numbers throughout the United States, particularly in the Northeastern United States, Northeast, Southeastern United States, South and Western United States, West.

Cities

The following are the top 20 highest percentages of people of English ancestry, in U.S. communities (total list of the 101 communities, see source):

English2000.png, Percentages by county in the 2000 census. Dark blue and purple colours indicate a higher percentage.
EnStatePop.png, Population by state in the 2000 census
EnStatePerc.png, Percentages by U.S. State in the 2000 census

2020 census by state

History

Early settlement and colonization

English settlement in America began with Jamestown, Virginia, Jamestown in the Virginia Colony in 1607. With the permission of James I of England, James I, three ships (the ''Susan Constant, Discovery (1602 ship), The Discovery'', and ''Godspeed (ship), The God Speed'') sailed from England and landed at Cape Henry in April, under the captainship of Christopher Newport, who had been hired by the London Company to lead expeditions to what is now America.

The second successful colony was Plymouth Colony, founded in 1620 by people who later became known as the Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony), Pilgrims. Fleeing religious persecution in the East Midlands in England, they first went to Holland, but feared losing their English identity. Because of this, they chose to relocate to the New World, with their voyage being financed by English investors. In September 1620, 102 passengers set sail aboard the ''Mayflower'', eventually settling at Plymouth Colony in November. Of the passengers on the ''Mayflower'', 41 men signed the "Mayflower Compact" aboard ship on November 11, 1620, while anchored in Provincetown Harbor. Signers included John Carver (Plymouth Colony governor), Carver, John Alden, Alden, Myles Standish, Standish, John Howland, Howland, William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor), Bradford, Isaac Allerton, Allerton, and Samuel Fuller (Pilgrim), Fuller.William Bradford, Edward Winslow (printer G. Mourt [George Morton]
''Relation or Iournall of the beginning and proceedings of the English Plantation setled at Plimoth in New England''
Early English Books Online, p.4 This story has become a central theme in the United States cultural identity.

A number of English colonies were established under a system of Proprietary Governor, proprietary governors, who were appointed under mercantile charters to English Joint stock company, joint stock companies to found and run settlements. England also took control over the Dutch colonisation of the Americas, Dutch colony of New Netherland (including the New Amsterdam settlement), renaming it the Province of New York in 1664. With New Netherland, the English came to control the former New Sweden (in what is now Delaware), which the Dutch had conquered from Sweden earlier. This became part of Pennsylvania. Many planters, slave traders and slave owners who owned Black slaves were of English ancestry.

English immigration after 1776

Cultural similarities and a common language allowed English immigrants to integrate rapidly and gave rise to a unique Anglo-American culture. An estimated 3.5 million English immigrated to the U.S. after 1776. English settlers provided a steady and substantial influx throughout the 19th century.

A number of English settlers moved to the United States from Australia in the 1850s (then a British overseas territories, British political territory), when the California Gold Rush boomed; these included the so-called "Sydney Ducks" (''see Australian Americans'').Sherman L. Ricards, and George M. Blackburn, "The Sydney Ducks: A Demographic Analysis". '' Pacific Historical Review'' (1973) . 42#1 pp: 20–31. In prior eras there were English-centered cultural events such as Morris dance events and Saint George's Day. There had been conflicts between English immigrant groups and Irish immigrant groups. A magazine article from ''The Republic'' in 1852 had criticized English immigrants for remaining loyal to the British Crown.

During the last years of the 1860s, annual English immigration grew to over 60,000 and continued to rise to over 75,000 per year in 1872, before experiencing a decline. The final and most sustained wave of immigration began in 1879 and lasted until the depression of 1893. During this period English annual immigration averaged more than 82,000, with peaks in 1882 and 1888 and did not drop significantly until the financial panic of 1893. The building of America's transcontinental railroads, the settlement of the great plains, and industrialization attracted skilled and professional emigrants from England.

Also, cheaper steamship fares enabled unskilled urban workers to come to America, and unskilled and semiskilled laborers, miners, and building trades workers made up the majority of these new English immigrants. While most settled in America, a number of skilled craftsmen remained itinerant, returning to England after a season or two of work. Groups came to practice their religion freely.

The depression of 1893 sharply decreased English emigration to the United States, and it stayed low for much of the twentieth century. This decline reversed itself in the decade of World War II when over 100,000 English (18 percent of all European immigrants) came from England. In this group was a large contingent of war brides who came between 1945 and 1948. In these years four women emigrated from England for every man. In the 1950s, English immigration increased to over 150,000 and rose to 170,000 in the 1960s. While differences developed, it is not surprising that English immigrants had little difficulty in assimilating to American life. The American resentment against the policies of the British government was rarely transferred to English settlers who came to America in the first decades of the nineteenth century.

Throughout American history, English immigrants and their descendants have been prominent in every level of government and in every aspect of American life. Known informally as "WASPS" (see White Anglo-Saxon Protestants), their dominance has slipped since 1945, but remains high in many fields. Eight out of the first ten American presidents (and an even higher proportion of out of the 45 persons to serve as president), as well as the majority of sitting congressmen and congresswomen, are descended from English ancestors. The descendants of English expatriates are so numerous and so well integrated in American life that it is impossible to identify all of them. While they are the third-largest ethnic nationality self-reported in the 1990 census, they retain such a pervasive representation at every level of national and state government that, on any list of American senators, Supreme Court judges, governors, or legislators, they would constitute a plurality if not an outright majority.

In 2011, Lucy Tobin of ''The Guardian'' wrote that, as of that year, it was not common to see English cultural heritage expression nor events in the United States.

Political influence

As early colonists of the United States, settlers from England and their descendants often held positions of power and made and enforced laws, often because many had been involved in government back in England. In the original Thirteen Colonies, most laws contained elements found in the English common law system. The majority of the Founding Fathers of the United States were of English extraction. A minority were of high social status and can be classified as White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP). Many of the prewar WASP elite were Loyalists who left the new nation.

While WASPs have been major players in every major American political party, an exceptionally strong association has existed between WASPs and the History of the United States Republican Party, Republican Party, before the 1980s. A few top Democrats qualified, such as Franklin D. Roosevelt. Northeastern Republican leaders such as Leverett Saltonstall of Massachusetts, Prescott Bush of Connecticut and especially Nelson Rockefeller of New York exemplified the pro-business liberal Republicanism of their social stratum, espousing internationalist views on foreign policy, supporting social programs, and holding liberal views on issues like Race relations in the United States, racial integration. A famous confrontation was the 1952 Senate election in Massachusetts where John F. Kennedy, a Catholic of Irish descent, defeated WASP Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. However the challenge by Barry Goldwater in 1964 to the Eastern Republican establishment helped undermine the WASP dominance. Goldwater himself had solid WASP credentials through his mother, of a prominent old Yankee family, but was instead mistakenly seen as part of the Jewish community (which he had never associated with). By the 1980s, the liberal Rockefeller Republican wing of the party was marginalized, overwhelmed by the dominance of the Southern and Western conservative Republicans.

Asking "Is the WASP leader a dying breed?" journalist Nina Strochlic in 2012 pointed to eleven WASP top politicians—typically scions of upper class English families. She ended with Republicans George H. W. Bush elected in 1988, his son George W. Bush elected in 2000 and 2004, and John McCain, who was nominated but defeated in 2008.

Language

English is the most commonly spoken language in the U.S., where it is estimated that two thirds of all native speakers of English live.
The American English dialect developed from British colonization of the Americas, English colonization. It serves as the ''de facto'' official language, the language in which government business is carried out. According to the 1990 census, 94% of the U.S. population speak only English.

Adding those who speak English "well" or "very well" brings this figure to 96%. Only 0.8% speak no English at all as compared with 3.6% in 1890. American English differs from British English in a number of ways, the most striking being in terms of pronunciation (for example, American English retains the pronunciation of the letter "R" after vowels, unlike standard British English, though it still can be heard in several regional dialects in England) and spelling (one example is the "u" in words such as ''color'', ''favor'' (US) vs ''colour'', ''favour'' (UK)). Less obvious differences are present in grammar and vocabulary. The differences are rarely a barrier to effective communication between American English and British English speakers, but there are certainly enough differences to cause occasional misunderstandings, usually surrounding slang or dialect differences.

Conversely, some lexical items often thought to be Americanisms actually have their origin in England, either falling out of use there or being restricted to specific dialects in England. Such items include ''all out'' ("entirely"), ''cattail'' ("bullrush"), ''crib'' ("child's bed"), ''daddy long legs'' ("cranefly"), ''homecoming'' ("return"), ''rumpus'' ("tumult"), which are recorded in Northern and Midland English dialects as late as the 19th century.

Some states, like California, have amended their constitutions to make English the only official language, but in practice, this only means that official government documents must ''at least'' be in English, and ''does not'' mean that they should be exclusively available only in English. For example, the standard California Class C driver's license examination is available in 32 different languages.

Expression

"In for a penny, in for a pound" is an expression to mean, ("if you're going to take a risk at all, you might as well make it a big risk"), is used in the United States which dates back to the Early American currency, colonial period, when cash in the colonies was denominated in Coins of the pound sterling, Pounds, shillings and Penny (English coin), Pence.

Cultural contributions

Much of Culture of the United States, American culture shows influences from English culture.

Cuisine

*Apple pie – New England was the first region to experience large-scale English colonial empire, English colonization in the early 17th century, beginning in 1620, and it was dominated by East Anglian Calvinists, better known as the Puritans. Baking was a particular favorite of the New Englanders and was the origin of dishes seen today as quintessentially "American", such as apple pie and the oven-roasted Thanksgiving (United States), Thanksgiving turkey. "As American as apple pie" is a well-known phrase used to suggest that something is all-American.
*Roast beef – In the middle of the 17th century a second wave of English immigrants began arriving in North America, settling mainly in the Chesapeake Bay region of Virginia and Maryland, expanding upon the Jamestown, Virginia, Jamestown settlement. Their roast beef was often served with Yorkshire puddings and horseradish sauce.

Celebrations

*Thanksgiving (United States), Thanksgiving was celebrated by English settlers to give thanks to God for helping the Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony), Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony survive the brutal winter. This feast lasted three days, as accounted by attendee Edward Winslow.

Law

The Law of the United States, American legal system also has its roots in English law. English law prior to the American Revolution is still part of the law of the United States, and provides the basis for many American legal traditions and policies. After the revolution, English law was again adopted by the now independent American States.

Education

The first American schools opened in the 17th century in New England. Boston Latin School was founded in 1635 and is both the List of the oldest public high schools in the United States, first public school and oldest existing school in the United States. The first free taxpayer-supported public school in North America, the Mather School, was opened in Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1639.

New England had a long emphasis on literacy in order that individuals could read the Bible. Harvard University, Harvard College was founded by the colonial legislature in 1636, and named after an early benefactor. Most of the funding came from the colony, but the college began to build an endowment from its early years. Harvard at first focused on training young men for the ministry, but many alumni went into law, medicine, government or business. The college was a leader in bringing Newtonian science to the colonies.

A school of higher education for both Native Americans in the United States, Native American young men and the sons of the colonists was one of the earliest goals of the leaders of the Colony of Virginia. The College of William & Mary was founded on February 8, 1693, under a royal charter (legally, letters patent) to "''make, found and establish a certain Place of Universal Study, a perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy, Languages, and other good arts and sciences...to be supported and maintained, in all time coming.''" Named in honor of the reigning monarchs William III of England, King William III and Mary II of England, Queen Mary II, the college is the second oldest college in the United States. It hired the first law professor and trained many of the lawyers, politicians, and leading planters. Students headed for the ministry were given free tuition.

Yale University, Yale College was founded by Puritans in 1701, and in 1716 was relocated to New Haven, Connecticut. The conservative Puritan ministers of Connecticut had grown dissatisfied with the more liberal theology of Harvard, and wanted their own school to train orthodox ministers. However president Thomas Clap (1740–1766) strengthened the curriculum in the natural sciences and made Yale a stronghold of revivalist Old and New Lights, New Light theology.

The Colonial Colleges are nine institutions of higher education that were chartered in the Thirteen Colonies before the United States of America became a sovereign nation after the American Revolutionary War. These nine have long been considered together, notably since the survey of their origins in the 1907 ''The Cambridge History of English and American Literature''. Seven of the nine colonial colleges became seven of the eight Ivy League universities: Harvard University, Harvard, Columbia University, Columbia, Princeton University, Princeton, Yale University, Yale, University of Pennsylvania, Dartmouth College, Dartmouth, and Brown University, Brown.

Music

*National anthem – The Star-Spangled Banner takes its melody from the 18th-century English song "The Anacreontic Song" written by John Stafford Smith for the Anacreontic Society, a men's social club in London. The lyrics were written by Francis Scott Key of English descent. This became a well-known and recognized patriotic song throughout the United States, which was officially designated as the U.S. national anthem in 1931.
*Hail to the Chief – is the song to announce the arrival or presence of the President of the United States. English songwriter James Sanderson (musician), James Sanderson (), composed the music and was first performed in 1812 in New York.

Before 1931, other songs served as the hymns of American officialdom.

*The Liberty Song – written by John Dickinson (delegate), John Dickinson of English descent in 1768 to the music of Englishman William Boyce (composer), William Boyce's "Heart of Oak", is perhaps the first patriotic song written in America. The song contains the line "by United we stand, divided we fall, uniting we stand, by dividing we fall", the first recorded use of the sentiment.
*America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee) – whose melody was indirectly derived from the God Save the Queen, British national anthem, also served as a ''de facto'' anthem before the adoption of "The Star-Spangled Banner."

*Amazing Grace – written by English poet and clergyman John Newton became such an icon in American culture that it has been used for a variety of secular purposes and marketing campaigns, placing it in danger of becoming a cliché.
*Yankee Doodle – is written and accredited to Englishman Richard Shuckburgh an army doctor. The tune comes from the English nursery rhyme ''Lucy Locket''.

English ballads, jigs, and hornpipes had a large influence on American folk music, eventually contributing to the formation of such genres as old time, country, bluegrass, and to a lesser extent, blues as well.

Sports

*Baseball was invented in England. English lawyer William Bray recorded a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford, Surrey; Bray's diary was verified as authentic in September 2008. This early form of the game was apparently brought to North America by British immigrants. The first appearance of the term that exists in print was in "A Little Pretty Pocket-Book" in 1744, where it is called Base-Ball.
*American football traces its roots to early versions of rugby football, played in England and first developed in American universities in the mid-19th century.

Most common family last names

In 2010, the top ten family names in the United States, seven have English origins or having possible mixed British Isles heritage, the other three being of Spanish and/or Basque origin.
Many African Americans have their origins in slavery (i.e. slave name) and ancestrally came to bear the surnames of their former owners. Many freed slaves either created family names themselves or adopted the name of their former master. Due to anti-German xenophobia during the first and second world wars, some German families anglicized their names. For example, changing "Schmidt" to "Smith," causing an increase of English names.

English place names in the United States

This is a brief partial list of places in the United States named after places in England as a result of the many English settlers and explorers; in addition, some places were named after the English royal family. These include the region of New England and some of the following:

Alabama

*Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham for Birmingham, Warwickshire
*Bradford, Alabama, for Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire.
*Brighton, Alabama, Brighton for Brighton, Sussex.
*Langdale Historic District, Langdale, named for the Lang textile manufacturing family from Oldham, Lancashire
*Leeds, Alabama, Leeds, for Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.
*Sheffield, Alabama for Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire.
*Woodstock, Alabama, Woodstock, for Woodstock, Oxfordshire, Woodstock, Oxfordshire
*York, Alabama, York, for York, Yorkshire

California

* Jesmond Dene, California, Jesmond Dene, named after Jesmond Dene in Newcastle upon Tyne.
*Keswick, California, Keswick, for Keswick, Cumbria, Keswick, Cumberland
*Westminster, California, Westminster after Westminster in London
*Exeter, California, Exeter after Exeter, Devon
*Windsor, California, Windsor after Windsor, Berkshire

Connecticut

*Avon, Connecticut, Avon after Avon (county), Avon, England
*Colchester, Connecticut, Colchester after Colchester, England
*Cornwall, Connecticut, Cornwall after Cornwall, England
*Danbury, Connecticut, Danbury after Danbury, Essex, England
*Enfield, Connecticut, Enfield after Enfield, London, England
*Greenwich, Connecticut, Greenwich after Greenwich, England
*Guilford, Connecticut, Guilford after Guildford, England
*Kent, Connecticut, Kent after Kent, England
*Litchfield, Connecticut, Litchfield after Lichfield, England
*New London, Connecticut, New London after London, England
*Norwich, Connecticut, Norwich after Norwich, England
*Stamford, Connecticut, Stamford after Stamford, Lincolnshire, England
*Stratford, Connecticut, Stratford named after Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, owing to the English town's prestige as the birthplace of playwright William Shakespeare (1564–1616).
*Windsor, Connecticut, Windsor after Windsor, Berkshire, in England

Delaware

*Dover, Delaware, Dover after Dover, England
*Wilmington, Delaware, Wilmington named by proprietary colony, Proprietor Thomas Penn after his friend Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, who was prime minister in the reign of George II of Great Britain.

Florida

* Windermere, Florida, Windermere, named for Windermere, Westmorland, the largest lake of the Lake District and England.

Georgia

*Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia was named after George II of Great Britain, King George II.
*Acton, Georgia, Acton, for Acton, London, Acton, London.
*Camden County, Georgia, Camden County, for English jurist Sir Charles Pratt, Earl of Camden (1714–1794).
*Chatsworth, Georgia, Chatsworth, for Chatsworth House, Chatsworth, Derbyshire
*Cumberland Island, named for Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765).
*Dungeness (Cumberland Island, Georgia), Dungeness, on Cumberland Island, named for Dungeness in Kent, where the Duke of Cumberland held a county seat.
*Effingham County, Georgia, Effingham County, for Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham (1746–1791) an English nobleman.
*Epworth, Georgia, Epworth, for Epworth, Lincolnshire, Epworth, Lincolnshire.
*Eton, Georgia, Eton, for Eton College, Berkshire
*Fairburn, Georgia, Fairburn, for Fairburn, North Yorkshire, Fairburn, West Riding of Yorkshire.
* Forsyth County, Georgia, Liverpool, for Liverpool, Lancashire.
*Emanuel County, Georgia, Malvern, for Malvern, Worcestershire, Malvern, Worcestershire.
*Hardwick, Bryan County, Georgia, Hardwick, for Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke (1690–1764), Lord High Chancellor of England.
*Harris County, Georgia, Harris County, named for the English lawyer Charles Harris (1772–1827).
*Manchester, Georgia, for Manchester, Lancashire
*Medway River (Georgia), Midway River, possibly for River Medway, Kent.
*Oglethorpe, Georgia, Oglethorpe, after James Oglethorpe (1696–1785), an English Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament.
*Oxford, Georgia, Oxford, for University of Oxford, Oxford University, Oxfordshire.
* Saint George's Parish (now Burke County, Georgia, Burke County), for Saint George, the Patron Saint of England.
* Tweed, Georgia, Tweed, after the River Tweed in southeastern Scotland and Northumberland in northern England.
*Wilmington Island, Georgia, Wilmington Island, for Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington (1673–1743).
*Winchester, Georgia, Winchester, for Winchester, Hampshire.
*Windsor, Georgia, Windsor, for Windsor, Berkshire, Windsor, Berkshire.
*Wooster, Georgia, Wooster, for George Wooster, the Englishman who established the first post office here in the 1870s.
*York, Georgia, named for York, the county town of Yorkshire in northern England.

Illinois

* Albion, Illinois, Albion, named for Albion, a poetic name for England derived from an ancient name for Britain.
* Brereton, Illinois, Brereton, possibly for Brereton, Staffordshire, Brereton, Staffordshire.
* Burton, Illinois, Burton, for Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire.
* Chesterfield, Illinois, Chesterfield, probably for Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Chesterfield, Derbyshire.
* Lincolnshire, Illinois, Lincolnshire, named for Lincolnshire, a county in England.
* Stratford, Illinois, Stratford, probably for Stratford-upon-Avon, in honour of the English town being the birthplace of William Shakespeare (1564–1616).

Indiana

* Avon, Indiana, Avon, named for River Avon, Bristol, Avon, an English river name.
* Darlington, Indiana, Darlington, named for Darlington, County Durham, for its links to Quakerism.

Kentucky

* Cumberland River in Kentucky and northern Tennessee (with Cumberland Gap, Cumberland Mountains, Mountains and Cumberland Plateau, Plateau), named in the 1750s for the northern English county of Cumberland, if not the Duke of Cumberland.
* Epworth, for Epworth, Lincolnshire, Epworth, Lincolnshire.
*London, Kentucky, London, for London
*Manchester, Kentucky, for Manchester, Lancashire.
* Kingston, Kentucky, Kingston, possibly for Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire.
* Middlesboro, Kentucky, Middlesboro, founded as "Middlesborough", for the town now known as Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire.Rennick, Robert. ''Kentucky Place Names'', University Press of Kentucky (Lexington), 1987

Accessed 26 August 2013.
* Newstead, Kentucky, Newstead, for Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire.
* Stanford, Kentucky, Stanford, for Stamford, Lincolnshire.
* Richardsville, Kentucky, Richardsville, named for English-born wagonmaker Thomas Richards (1812–1896).
*Wendover, Kentucky, Wendover, for Wendover, Buckinghamshire
*Williba, Kentucky, Williba, for Willoughby, Lincolnshire, Willoughby, Lincolnshire

Maine

*Berwick, Maine, Berwick, named for Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland.
*Kittery, Maine, Kittery, for Kittery Court, Kingswear, Devon.
*Leeds, Maine, Leeds, for Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.
*Newcastle, Maine, Newcastle, for Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768).
*Winthrop, Maine, Winthrop, for Suffolk-born John Winthrop (1588–1649), the 2nd colonial List of colonial governors of Massachusetts, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Maryland

*Maryland named so for Queen Henrietta Maria (Queen Mary).
*Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Anne Arundel County, named for Lady Ann Arundell (1615–1649), the daughter of Wiltshire noble Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour.
* Barton, Maryland, Barton, named for Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, the hometown of the father of an early settler.
*Brinklow, Maryland, Brinklow, for Brinklow, Warwickshire
*Chevy Chase, Maryland, Chevy Chase, named for "The Battle of Chevy Chase", a 15th-century English ballad about a hunt led by the Earl of Northumberland.
*Cumberland, Maryland, Cumberland, for Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765).
*Darlington, Maryland, Darlington, for Darlington, County Durham
* Manchester, Maryland, Manchester, named for Manchester, England.
* Pomfret, Maryland, Pomfret, named for Pontefract, West Riding of Yorkshire.

Massachusetts

*Andover, Massachusetts, Andover, for Andover, Massachusetts, Andover, Hampshire
*Attleboro, Massachusetts, Attleboro, for Attleborough, Norfolk.
*Beverly, Massachusetts, Beverly, after Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire.
*Billerica, Massachusetts, Billerica, for Billericay, Essex
*Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, Boston, Lincolnshire
*Boxford, Massachusetts, Boxford, for Boxford, Suffolk, Boxford, Suffolk
*Braintree, Massachusetts, Braintree after Braintree, Essex, Braintree, Essex
*Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge, for Cambridge, Cambridgeshire.
*Chelmsford, Massachusetts, Chelmsford, for Chelmsford, Essex
*Framingham, Massachusetts, Framingham, for Framlingham, Suffolk
*Gloucester, Massachusetts, Gloucester after Gloucester, Gloucestershire
*Groton, Massachusetts, Groton, for Groton, Suffolk, Groton, Suffolk
* Hadley, Massachusetts, Hadley, for Hadleigh, Suffolk, Hadleigh, Suffolk.
*Haverhill, Massachusetts, Haverhill, for Haverhill, Suffolk, Haverhill, Suffolk
*Hingham, Massachusetts, Hingham, for Hingham, Norfolk, Hingham, Norfolk
*Holland, Massachusetts, Holland, for Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland (1705–1774)
*Ipswich, Massachusetts, Ipswich, for Ipswich, Suffolk
*Kragsyde, for Cragside, Northumberland
*Lancaster, Massachusetts, Lancaster, for Lancaster, Lancashire, Lancaster, Lancashire, the hometown of an early settler.
*Leominster, Massachusetts, Leominster after Leominster, Herefordshire, Leominster, Herefordshire
*Lynn, Massachusetts, Lynn, for King's Lynn, Norfolk
*Malden, Massachusetts, Malden, for Maldon, Essex
*Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts, Manchester-by-the-Sea, for Manchester, Lancashire
*Marlborough, Massachusetts, Marlborough after Marlborough, Wiltshire, Marlborough, Wiltshire
*Northampton, Massachusetts, Northampton after Northampton, Northamptonshire
*Newton, Massachusetts, Newton, for Newton, Norfolk, Newton, Norfolk
*Plymouth, Massachusetts, Plymouth, for Plymouth, Devon, the port from which the first Pilgrim settlers departed in 1620
*Rowley, Massachusetts, Rowley, for Rowley, East Riding of Yorkshire, Rowley, East Riding of Yorkshire
*Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, Shrewsbury, named after George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury
*Southampton, Massachusetts, Southampton after Southampton, Hampshire
*Springfield, Massachusetts, Springfield after Springfield, Essex, Springfield, Essex
*Sunderland, Massachusetts, Sunderland, after Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland (1675–1722)
*Topsfield, Massachusetts, Topsfield, for Toppesfield, Essex
*Woburn, Massachusetts, Woburn, for Woburn, Bedfordshire, Woburn, Bedfordshire
*Worcester, Massachusetts, Worcester, after Worcester, Worcestershire, England
*Wrentham, Massachusetts, Wrentham, for Wrentham, Suffolk, Wrentham, Suffolk

Michigan

*Birmingham, Michigan, Birmingham, Oakland County after Birmingham, West Midlands.
* Sherwood, Michigan, Sherwood, for Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire

Missouri

*Leeds, Kansas City, Leeds (area of Kansas City), for Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.
*Sheffield, Kansas City, Sheffield (area of Kansas City), for Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire.

New Hampshire

*New Hampshire state (after Hampshire)
*Cheshire County, New Hampshire, Cheshire County, for Cheshire.
*Croydon, named for Croydon, Surrey.
*Dover, New Hampshire, Dover, for Dover, Kent
*Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, Hillsborough County, after Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, Wills Hill, 1st Earl of Hillsborough (1718–1793).
*Manchester, New Hampshire, Manchester after Manchester, England
*Strafford County, New Hampshire, Strafford County, for William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford (1626–1695).

New Jersey

*Amwell Township, New Jersey, Amwell, for Amwell, St Albans, Amwell, Hertfordshire.
*Andover, New Jersey, Andover, for Andover, Hampshire, Andover, Hampshire
*Asbury Park, New Jersey, Asbury Park, named for Staffordshire-born bishop Francis Asbury (1745-1816)
*Avon-by-the-Sea, New Jersey for Avon (county), Avon, England
*Beverly, New Jersey, Beverly, for Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire
*Burlington County, New Jersey, Burlington County with Burlington, New Jersey, Burlington for Bridlington, East Riding of YorkshireHutchinson, Viola L
Origin of New Jersey Place Names''
New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 28, 2015.
*Camden, New Jersey, Camden named by local Jacob Cooper after Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden.
*Chesterfield, New Jersey, Chesterfield, for Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Chesterfield, Derbyshire.
*Cumberland County, New Jersey, Cumberland County named for Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765).
*Deal, New Jersey, Deal, for Deal, Kent, Deal, Kent
*Deptford Township, New Jersey, Deptford, for the port Deptford, Kent.
*Dover, New Jersey, Dover, for Dover, Kent
*Essex County, New Jersey, Essex County, for the county English county Essex.
*Gloucester County, New Jersey, Gloucester County and Gloucester City, New Jersey, Gloucester City after the city of Gloucester / county of Gloucestershire in England.
* Kenilworth, New Jersey, Kenilworth, for Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire
*Leeds Point, New Jersey, Leeds Point, for Daniel Leeds, 17th century local surveyor born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.
* Mansfield Township, Burlington County, New Jersey, Mansfield, for Mansfield, Nottinghamshire.
*Margate City, New Jersey, Margate City, for Margate, Kent
* New Durham, Middlesex County, New Jersey, New Durham, for Durham, England, Durham, County Durham.
*Newark, New Jersey, Newark for Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire.
*Penns Grove, New Jersey, Penns Grove, Penns Neck, New Jersey, Penns Neck and Pennsville Township, New Jersey, Pennsville, for English Quaker William Penn (1644–1718).
*Shrewsbury, New Jersey, Shrewsbury, for Shrewsbury, Shropshire.
*Somerset County, New Jersey, Somerset County with Somerville, New Jersey, Somerville, for the English county Somerset.
*Stafford Township, New Jersey, Stafford, New Jersey, named for the English county of Staffordshire, of which Stafford is the county town.
*Woolwich Township, New Jersey, Woolwich, for Woolwich, London.

New York

*Cornwall, New York, Cornwall (originally "New Cornwall") after the county of Cornwall in southwest England
* Liverpool Village after Liverpool England.
*New York City (after the James II of England, Duke of York)
*New York (State) (also after the Duke of York)
*Scarsdale, New York, Scarsdale, after Sutton Scarsdale, Scarsdale in northern Derbyshire, England.
*Suffolk County, New York, Suffolk County after Suffolk, England

North Carolina

*The province, named ''Carolina'' (The Carolinas-North Carolina, North and South Carolina, South) to honor King Charles I of England, was divided into SC and NC in 1729, although the actual date is the subject of debate.
*Bertie County, North Carolina, Bertie County, for the English politicians Henry Bertie (MP for Beaumaris), Henry (1675-1735) and James Bertie (1674-1735)
*Bladen County, North Carolina, Bladen County, named for Yorkshire-born politician Martin Bladen (1680–1746).
*Charlotte, North Carolina named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
*Cumberland, North Carolina, Cumberland, named for Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721-1765).
*Craven County, North Carolina, Craven County, named after Yorkshire-born nobleman William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (1608–1697), William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (1608–1697).
*New Hope, Perquimans County, North Carolina, Durants Neck (now New Hope, Perquimans County, North Carolina, New Hope, Perquimans County, North Carolina, Perquimans County), named for Worcestershire-born pioneer George Durant (1632-1692).
*Hyde County, North Carolina, Hyde County, for the Cheshire-born 1st Governor of North Carolina Edward Hyde (Governor of North Carolina), Edward Hyde (1667–1712).
*Macclesfield, North Carolina, Macclesfield, for Macclesfield, Cheshire.
*New London, North Carolina, New London, for London, England
*Onslow County, North Carolina, Onslow County, after Middlesex-born Arthur Onslow (1691–1768), Speaker of the House of Commons.
*Raleigh after Sir Walter Raleigh, one of the first English explorers of the Carolinas.
*Hyde County, North Carolina, Wickham Precinct (now Hyde County), from West Wycombe, Temple Wycombe, Buckinghamshire
*Wilkes County, North Carolina, Wilkes County, with Wilkesboro, North Carolina, Wilkesboro, named for London-born politician John Wilkes (1725-1797).

Ohio

*Kendal, Ohio after Kendal, Westmorland.
*Liverpool Township, Medina County, Ohio, Liverpool, Medina County Ohio and East Liverpool, Ohio, after Liverpool, England.

Pennsylvania

* Bedford, Pennsylvania, Bedford and Bedford County, Pennsylvania, Bedford County after Bedford, England
*Berks County, Pennsylvania, Berks County after Berkshire (pronounced ''"Barkshire"''), England
*Bristol, Pennsylvania, Bristol and Bristol Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Bristol Township after Bristol, England
*Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Bucks County after Buckinghamshire, England
*Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Carlisle, after Carlisle, England which, like the northern English city, is in a county called Cumberland.
*Chester County, Pennsylvania, Chester County and Chester, Pennsylvania, Chester after Chester, England
*Darby, Pennsylvania, Darby derived from Derby (pronounced ''"Darby"''), the county town of Derbyshire (pronounced ''"Darbyshire"'')
* Durham, Pennsylvania, Durham, for Durham, County Durham
*Edgmont Township, Pennsylvania, Edgmont, for Edgmond, Shropshire.
*Horsham Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Horsham after Horsham (pronounced ''"Hor-sham"''), England
*Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Lancaster County and Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Lancaster after the city of Lancaster, Lancashire, Lancaster in the county of Lancashire in England, the native home of John Wright, one of the early settlers.
*Liverpool, Pennsylvania, Liverpool, for Liverpool, Lancashire.
*Malvern, Pennsylvania, Malvern, for the Malvern Hills in England.
*Marple, Pennsylvania, Marple, after Marple, Greater Manchester, Marple in the Cheshire Pennines.
*New Castle, Pennsylvania, New Castle after Newcastle upon Tyne, England
*Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Northampton County after Northamptonshire, England
*Pendle Hill Quaker Center for Study and Contemplation, Pendle Hill, named for Pendle Hill, Lancashire.
*Reading, Pennsylvania, Reading, Berks County after Reading, Berkshire, Reading (pronounced ''"Redding"''), Berkshire (pronounced ''"Barkshire"''), England
* Rydal, Pennsylvania, Rydal, for Rydal, Cumbria, Rydal, Westmorland
*Sheffield, Pennsylvania, Sheffield, for Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire
*Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, Swarthmore, named for Swarthmoor, Lancashire.
*Trafford, Pennsylvania, Trafford for Trafford, Lancashire.
*Warminster Township, Pennsylvania, Warminster after the small town of Warminster in the county of Wiltshire, at the western extremity of Salisbury Plain, England.
*Warrington Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Warrington after Warrington, England
*Warwick Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Warwick after Warwick, England
*Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, Westmoreland County, for Westmorland, a county in northwest England.
*York, Pennsylvania, named for York, the county town of the English county of Yorkshire, the ancestral home county of many Quaker settlers in the region.

South Carolina

*Charleston, South Carolina, named after Charles II of England
*Chesterfield County, South Carolina, Chesterfield County, for English politician Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield (1694-1773).
*Colleton County, South Carolina, Colleton County, for Sir John Colleton, 1st Baronet (1608-1666), an early English proprietor in the Carolinas.
*Edgecombe County, North Carolina, Edgecombe County, for English politician Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe, Richard Edgecumbe, 1st Baron Edgecumbe (1680-1758).
*Georgetown, South Carolina, Georgetown, for George I of Great Britain (1660-1727).
*Kershaw County, South Carolina, Kershaw County, for the prominent Kershaw family from which Joseph B. Kershaw (1822-1894) came, originally from Sowerby, West Yorkshire, Sowerby, West Riding of Yorkshire.

Tennessee

*Acton, Tennessee, Acton, for Acton, London, Acton, London.
*Knox County, Tennessee, Amherst, for the Kent-born general Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (1717–1779).
* Cambridge, for University of Cambridge, Cambridge University, Cambridgeshire
* Carlisle, if not for the Pennsylvania city, then named for Carlisle, Cumberland.
* Cumberland City, Tennessee, Cumberland City, for the county Cumberland in northwest England.
* Dover, Tennessee, Dover, for the White Cliffs of Dover, Kent.
*Harrogate, Tennessee, Harrogate, named after Harrogate, West Riding of Yorkshire.
*Kingsport, Tennessee, Kingsport, named for English-born James King (born 1752), who established a mill in the area in 1773.
*Manchester, Tennessee, Manchester, after Manchester, Lancashire, England, for hopes that it, like the English Manchester, would become a similarly prosperous industrial city.
* Pall Mall, Tennessee, Pall Mall, for Pall Mall, London, Pall Mall, London
*Rugby, Tennessee, Rugby, after Rugby School, Rugby, Warwickshire.
* Westmoreland, Tennessee, Westmoreland, named after Westmorland, a county in northwest England.

Texas

*Bronte, Texas, Bronte, named for English novelist Charlotte Brontë (1816–1855).
*Cheapside, Texas, Cheapside, after Cheapside, a London street.
*Derby, Texas, Derby, after Derby, England.
*Liverpool, Texas, Liverpool, after Liverpool, a port city traditionally in Lancashire, England.
*Newcastle, Texas, Newcastle, after Newcastle upon Tyne, northeast England.

Vermont

* Barnet, Vermont, Barnet, for London Borough of Barnet, Barnet, Middlesex
* St. Albans (city), Vermont, St. Albans, named after St Albans in Hertfordshire, England.

Virginia

*The name Virginia was first applied by Queen Elizabeth I (the "Virgin Queen") and Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584.
*Bath County, Virginia, Bath County, named for Bath, Somerset, Bath, Somerset.
*Charles City, Virginia, Charles City, named for Charles I of England (1600–1649)
*Chesterfield County, Virginia, Chesterfield County, for Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield (1694–1773).
*Crewe, Virginia, Crewe, for Crewe, Cheshire.
*Exmore, Virginia, Exmore, for Exmoor, Devon.
*Farnham, Virginia, Farnham, for Farnham, Surrey.
*Gloucester County, Virginia, Gloucester County, named for Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester (1640–1660).
*Hampstead, King George County, Virginia, Hampstead, for Hampstead, London
*Isle of Wight County, Virginia, Isle of Wight County, for Isle of Wight, English Channel.
*James River, for James VI and I, James I of England (1566–1625)
* Keswick, Virginia, Keswick, Albermarle County, for Keswick, Cumbria, Keswick, Cumberland.
* Leedstown, Virginia, Leedstown, formerly Leeds, for Leeds, Yorkshire.
*Malvern Hill, named for the Malvern Hills, southwestern England.
*Norfolk, Virginia, Norfolk after the county of Norfolk, England
*Northampton County, Virginia, Northampton, from Northamptonshire, a county in the English South Midlands.
*Northumberland County, Virginia, after Northumberland, a county in northeast England.
*Portsmouth, Virginia, Portsmouth after Portsmouth, England
*Richmond, Virginia, Richmond named by William Byrd II after Richmond, London where he spent part of his childhood.
* Stafford County, Virginia, Stafford County with Stafford, Virginia, Stafford, from Staffordshire, of which Stafford is the county town.
*Suffolk, Virginia, Suffolk after the county of Suffolk, England
* Sunderland Creek (now Lagrange Creek (Rappahannock River tributary), Lagrange Creek), for Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland (1620–1643), if not for Sunderland, County Durham.
*Surry County, Virginia, Surry County, for Surrey, a county in southeast England.
*Westmoreland County, Virginia, after Westmorland, a county in northwest England.
*Yorkshire, Virginia, Yorkshire, Virginia for the county Yorkshire in northern England.

West Virginia

* Arden, Berkeley County, West Virginia, Arden, Berkeley County, named for Arden, Warwickshire, Arden in Warwickshire.
* Carlisle, West Virginia, Carlisle, named for Carlisle, Cumberland, the ancestral home of an early settler.
* Chester, possibly for Chester, the county town of Cheshire.
* England Run, a river in Braxton County and tributary of the Little Kanawha River, Little Kanawha, named after England itself.
* English, West Virginia, English, named for the nationality of many coal miners in the area.
* Evenwood, West Virginia, Evenwood, named for Evenwood, County Durham, the birthplace of the parents of T.W. Raine, an early inhabitant.
* Hallidon, named after Halidon Hill, the site of a 1333 Battle of Halidon Hill, battle in Northumberland, near the Anglo-Scottish border.
* Kendalia, West Virginia, Kendalia, named for the original landowner, Mr. Kendall who was also born at Kendal, Westmorland, England.
* Liverpool, West Virginia, Liverpool, named for Liverpool, Lancashire.
* Romney, West Virginia, Romney, named for New Romney, Romney, one of the Cinque Ports.
* St Albans, Saint Albans, probably for St Albans, Hertfordshire.
* Scarbro, West Virginia, Scarbro, named for Scarborough, North Yorkshire, Scarborough in the North Riding of Yorkshire, owing to the prevalence of "Scarbrough" as a local surname.
* Selbyville, West Virginia, Selbyville, named in 1870 for Selby family, Lord Thomas Selby, a member of the English gentry.
* Skelton, West Virginia, Skelton, for Skelton, York, Skelton, North Riding of Yorkshire (near York).

Wisconsin

* Chilton, Wisconsin, from Chillington Hall, Staffordshire, the English ancestral home of an early settler.
* Ripon, Wisconsin, after Ripon, North Yorkshire, the English ancestral home city of one of its earliest settlers, John S. Horner.

Notable people

Presidents of English descent

Most of the President of the United States, presidents of the United States have had English ancestry. The extent of English heritage varies. Earlier presidents were predominantly of colonial English Yankee origin. Later presidents' ancestry can often be traced to ancestors from multiple nations in Europe, including England. The presidents who have ''lacked'' recent English ancestry are Martin Van Buren, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Donald Trump.

18th century

George Washington, John Adams.Henry Adams
born 1583 Barton St David, Somerset, England

19th century

Thomas Jefferson, James Madison John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Taylor, Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley.

20th century

Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton.

21st century

George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Joe Biden.

See also

*American ethnicity
*Ancestral background of presidents of the United States
*Americans or American people
*Anglo America
*United Kingdom – United States relations, Anglo-American relations
*Anglo-Celtic Australian
*Boston Brahmin
* British American
*Demographic history of the United States
*English (ethnic group)
*English Australians
*English Canadians
*English New Zealanders
*English diaspora
*England
* European Americans
*Immigration to the United States
*Maps of American ancestries
*Non-Hispanic whites
*Old Stock Americans
*Scotch-Irish American
*Scottish American
*Welsh American
*White Americans
* White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
*White Southerners
*Yankee
*English people in Paraguay
*English Chileans
*English Argentines
*English settlement in Nicaragua

References

Further reading

* Berthoff, Rowland. ''British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790–1950'' (1953)
online
* Bridenbaugh, Carl. ''Vexed and Troubled Englishmen, 1590–1642'' (1976)
online
*
* Erickson, Charlotte. ''Invisible Immigrants: The Adaptation of English and Scottish Immigrants in Nineteenth-Century America'' (1972).
* Furer, Howard B., ed. ''The British in America: 1578–1970'' (1972)
online
chronology and documents
* Hanft, Sheldon. "English Americans." in ''Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,'' edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 73–86
Online
* Richards, Eric. ''Britannia's children: emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland since 1600'' (A&C Black, 2004
online

* Shepperson, Wilbur S. ''British emigration to North America; projects and opinions in the early Victorian period'' (1957
online
* Tennenhouse, Leonard. ''The Importance of Feeling English: American Literature and the British Diaspora, 1750–1850'' (2007)
online
* Van Vugt, William E. "British (English, Scottish, Scots Irish, and Welsh) and British Americans, 1870–1940'." in Elliott Barkan, ed., ''Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration'' (2013): 4:237+.
* Van Vugt, William E. ''British Buckeyes: The English, Scots, and Welsh in Ohio, 1700–1900'' (2006).
* Van Vugt, William E. ''Britain to America: mid-nineteenth-century immigrants to the United States'' (University of Illinois Press, 1999).

{{European Americans

American people of English descent,
English diaspora in the United States,
English-American history,
British diaspora in the United States