''En chamade'' (French: "to sound a parley") refers to powerfully voiced
reed stops in a
pipe organ
The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurised air (called ''wind'') through the organ pipes selected from a Musical keyboard, keyboard. Because each pipe produces a single tone and pitch, the pipes are provide ...
that have been mounted horizontally, rather than vertically, in the front of the organ case, projecting out into the church or concert hall. They produce a commanding, loud trumpet-like tone, used for fanfares and solos. It is known as Fan Trumpet, Horizontal Trumpet, and Trompette en Chamade.
Any stop mounted ''en chamade'' will be much louder than a stop elsewhere in the organ, even though in church organs the stops may stand on the same wind pressure. In theatre and concert organs, ''en chamade'' stops often stand on higher wind pressure than the other stops, to sound even more powerful and commanding.
History
First seen in
Iberia
The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, compri ...
n and Mexican organs of the early eighteenth century, it came in many forms to create choruses in divided registers: the ''Trompeta de Batalla'' (8′), ''Bajoncillo'' (4′), ''Bajo'' (16′), ''Violeta'' (2′), ''Trompeta Magna'' (16′), the ''Claríns'' (either 8′ or 4′, the smaller ones in conjunction with the ''trompetas''). Unlike the modern chamade trumpet, these all stood on pressures of compared to anywhere from . Often confused with these, are the ''Trompeta Reales'', or ''Trombeta Reales'', which were never horizontal and were always located inside of the case.
[Neobaroque organ builders such as Schlicker made an ''En Chamade'' stop by this name]
Another example, first referred to as a ''trompette 'en chamade is located in an organ built in
Provence
Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which stretches from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the France–Italy border, Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterrane ...
in 1772. The term was popularized by
Aristide Cavaillé-Coll in his organs of the nineteenth century.
In modern organs, chamade stops are most often found at 8' and 4' as ''Trompette en Chamade'' and ''Clairon en Chamade'' respectively, with some examples at 16', and even rare instances at 5 1/3' (On the organ of St.Martin, Dudelange (Luxembourg), the organ of Our Lady of Lapa, Porto (Portugal) and the organ of Stiftsbasilika Waldsassen (Germany) have chamades at 16', 8', 5 1/3', and 4'). 'Chamade' is occasionally used as a stop name by itself.
''
Chamade
In war
War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between ...
'' was a trumpet call designed to be heard across the battlefield in the enemy camp, (announcing a desire to surrender).
See also
*
List of pipe organ stops
An organ stop can be one of three things:
*the control on an organ console that selects a particular sound
*the row of organ pipes used to create a particular sound, more appropriately known as a ''rank''
*the sound itself
Organ stops are sor ...
References
;Notes
;Footnotes
External links
Encyclopedia of Organ StopsWicks Glossary of Organ Terms
{{Pipe organs
Reed type organ stops