Jerjer (; translated as "lady"/"beauty"; 31 May 1599 – 28 May 1649), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of

Hong Taiji Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin ...

. She was seven years his junior. Jerjer was empress consort of Qing from 1636 until her husband's death in 1643, after which she was known as Empress dowager. She was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Xiaoduanwen.

Life

Family background

* Father: Manggusi (), held the title of a first rank prince () ** Paternal grandfather: Namusai (), held the title of a third rank prince () * Mother: Gunbu () * One elder brother and one younger brother * Two younger sisters

Wanli era

Jerjer was born on the eighth day of the

intercalary Intercalation may refer to: *Intercalation (chemistry), insertion of a molecule (or ion) into layered solids such as graphite *Intercalation (timekeeping), insertion of a leap day, week or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follo ...

fourth

lunar Lunar most commonly means "of or relating to the Moon". Lunar may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Lunar'' (series), a series of video games * "Lunar" (song), by David Guetta * "Lunar", a song by Priestess from the 2009 album ''Prior t ...

month in the 27th year of the reign of the

Wanli Emperor The Wanli Emperor (4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shenzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Yijun, art name Yuzhai, was the 14th List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reig ...

, which translates to 31 May 1599 in the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian cale ...

. On 28 May 1614, Jerjer married

and became one of his multiple wives.

Tianming era

In 1623, Hong Taiji divorced his second primary consort, and elevated Jerjer to the position. Lady Borjigit's niece, Bumbutai, the future Empress Dowager Zhaosheng, would marry Hong Taiji in March or April 1625. Jerjer gave birth in 1625 to Hong Taiji's second daughter, Princess Wenzhuang of the First Rank, on 2 August 1628 to his third daughter, Princess Jingduan of the First Rank, and on 7 October 1634 to his eighth daughter, Princess Yong'an of the First Rank. Another niece, Harjol, the future primary consort Minhui, would marry Hong Taiji on 6 December 1634.

Chongde era

When Hong Taiji conferred titles on his five primary spouses in August 1636, he instated Jerjer as his empress.

Shunzhi era

Following Hong Taiji's death on 21 September 1643, Jerjer was honoured as "Mother Empress, Empress Dowager" by the

Shunzhi Emperor The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizu of Qing, personal name Fulin, was the second Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China pro ...

, Hong Taiji's ninth son and successor. The emperor's birth mother, Bumbutai, was similarly honoured as "Holy Mother, Empress Dowager". Jerjer died on 28 May 1649 and was interred in the

Zhao Mausoleum Zhao Mausoleum may refer to: *Zhao Mausoleum (Tang dynasty), mausoleum of Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang, located at Jiuzong Mountain, Shaanxi, China **Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum *Zhao Mausoleum (Ming dynasty), mausoleum of the Ming emperor Long ...

. She was posthumously honoured with the title "Empress Xiaoduanwen".

Titles

* During the reign of the

(r. 1572–1620): ** Lady Borjigit (from 31 May 1599) ** Secondary consort (; from 28 May 1614) * During the reign of

Nurhaci Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing, was the founding khan of the Jurchen people, Jurchen-led Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty. As the leader of the House of Aisin-Gi ...

(r. 1616–1626): ** Primary consort (; from 1623) * During the reign of

(r. 1626–1643): ** Empress (; from August 1636) * During the reign of the

(r. 1643–1661): ** Empress Dowager (; from 21 September 1643崇德八年八月九日) ** ''Empress Xiaoduanwen'' (; from 1649)

Issue

* As primary consort: ** Princess Wenzhuang of the First Rank (; 10 September 1625 – April/May 1663), personal name Makata (), Hong Taiji's second daughter *** Married Ejei (d. 1641) of the Chahar Borjigit clan on 16 February 1636 *** Married Abunai (; 1635–1675) of the Chahar Borjigit clan in 1645 ** Princess Jingduan of the First Rank (; 2 August 1628 – June/July 1686), Hong Taiji's third daughter *** Married Kitad (; d. 1653) of the Khorchin Borjigit clan in 1639 ** Princess Yong'an of the First Rank (; 7 October 1634 – February/March 1692), Hong Taiji's eighth daughter *** Married Bayasihulang () of the Khorchin Borjigit clan in 1645

In fiction and popular culture

* Portrayed by Mang Lai-ping in ''

The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty ''The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty'' ( Chinese: 滿清十三皇朝) is a long-running four part television series about the history of the Qing dynasty. The series was produced by Hong Kong's ATV and was aired on ATV Home from September 1987 to ...

'' (1987) * Portrayed by Wu Qianqian in '' Xiaozhuang Mishi'' (2003) * Potrayed by Jiang Lin Jing in ''The Legend of Xiaozhuang'' (2015) * Portrayed by Wang Yanhui in '' Rule the World'' (2017)

Notes

References

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Xiaoduanwen, Empress 1599 births 1649 deaths Qing dynasty empresses Manchu nobility Borjigin 17th-century Chinese women 17th-century Chinese people 17th-century Mongol women 17th-century Mongols Consorts of Hong Taiji