Emanuele Macaluso
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Emanuele Macaluso (21 March 1924 – 19 January 2021) was an Italian trade unionist, politician, and journalist.


Biography

In 1941, Macaluso joined the clandestine
Communist Party of Italy The Italian Communist Party (, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was established in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Part ...
(PCdI), which became known as the
Italian Communist Party The Italian Communist Party (, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was established in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Part ...
(PCI) in 1943, and took part in the Sicilian trade union movement. From 1947 to 1956, he was regional secretary of the
Italian General Confederation of Labour The Italian General Confederation of Labour (, , CGIL ) is a national trade union centre in Italy. It was formed by an agreement between socialists, communists, and Christian democrats in the "Pact of Rome" of June 1944. In 1950, socialists and ...
. In 1958, once elected to the
Sicilian Regional Assembly The Sicilian Regional Assembly () is the legislative body of Sicily. While it has a long history as an autonomous entity, the modern Region of Sicily was established by Royal Decree on 15 May 1946, before the Italian Republic. The Regional Assem ...
, Macaluso was one of the creators of ''milazzismo'', named after
Silvio Milazzo Silvio Milazzo (September 4, 1903 – December 24, 1982) was an Italian Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy politician and the president of Sicily from 1958 to 1960. Sicilian deputy Milazzo was a landowner from Caltagirone and sat i ...
, elected president of Sicily, which led to the birth of a regional government supported by the PCI, the
Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party (, PSI) was a Social democracy, social democratic and Democratic socialism, democratic socialist political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parti ...
, the
National Monarchist Party The Monarchist National Party (, PNM) was a political party in Italy founded in 1946. It was a right-wing competitor to Christian Democracy and was especially strong in Southern Italy.Massimo L. Salvadori, ''Enciclopedia storica'', Zanichelli, Bol ...
, and the
Italian Social Movement The Italian Social Movement (, MSI) was a neo-fascist political party in Italy. A far-right party, it presented itself until the 1990s as the defender of Italian fascism's legacy, and later moved towards national conservatism. In 1972, the Itali ...
. Macaluso's work was applauded by
Palmiro Togliatti Palmiro Michele Nicola Togliatti (; 26 March 1893 – 21 August 1964) was an Italian politician and statesman, leader of Italy's Italian Communist Party, Communist party for nearly forty years, from 1927 until his death. Born into a middle-clas ...
himself. In the party, Macaluso was a member of the wing called '' migliorismo'', together with the future Italian president
Giorgio Napolitano Giorgio Napolitano (; 29 June 1925 – 22 September 2023) was an Italian politician who served as President of Italy from 2006 to 2015, the first to be re-elected to the office. In office for 8 years and 244 days, he was the longest-serving pre ...
. In 1963, he was elected to the
Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourb ...
, holding the seat until 1976, when he was elected to the Senate of the Republic; he left the
Italian Parliament The Italian Parliament () is the national parliament of the Italy, Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1861), the Parliament of the Kingd ...
in 1992. In those years, he was a member of the PCI's political secretariat under Togliatti,
Luigi Longo Luigi Longo (15 March 1900 – 16 October 1980), also known as Gallo, was an Italian communist politician and general secretary of the Italian Communist Party from 1964 to 1972. He was also the first foreigner to be awarded an Order of Lenin. E ...
, and
Enrico Berlinguer Enrico Berlinguer (; 25 May 1922 – 11 June 1984) was an Italian politician and statesman. Considered the most popular leader of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), he led the PCI as the national secretary from 1972 until his death during a te ...
. From 1982 to 1986, Macaluso was editor-in-chief of ''
L'Unità (; English: "the Unity") is an Italian newspaper, founded as the official newspaper of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in 1924. It was supportive of that party's successor parties, the Democratic Party of the Left, Democrats of the Left, a ...
''. Macaluso was always critical of the centre-left Democratic Party (PD), which was formed in 2007 as part of a merger between the PCI's legal successor parties (
Democratic Party of the Left The Democratic Party of the Left (, PDS) was a democratic-socialist and social-democratic political party in Italy. Founded in February 1991 as the post-communist evolution of the Italian Communist Party, the party was the largest in the A ...
and
Democrats of the Left The Democrats of the Left (, DS) was a social-democratic political party in Italy. Positioned on the centre-left, the DS, successor of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) and the Italian Communist Party, was formed in 1998 upon the merger ...
, PDS and DS, respectively) and Christian Democrayc's left-wing successors like
The Daisy ''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The ...
, accusing it of lacking a strong identity. In his articles from the 2000s, Macaluso always supported the anchoring of a modern secular force of the Italian left to the values of
European socialism Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ...
. The main criticism he addressed to the PD, is related to the lack of
socialist Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...
inspiration in the party's identity profile. In the 2010s, he was also critical of the PD's party leaders. He died on 19 January 2021 at the age of 96.


References


Further reading

* * *


External links

* Files about his parliamentary activities (in Italian)
IVVVI
legislature. {{DEFAULTSORT:Macaluso, Emanuele 1924 births 2021 deaths People from Caltanissetta Italian Communist Party politicians 20th-century Italian politicians 21st-century Italian politicians Politicians from the Province of Caltanissetta L'Unità editors