Ein Siniya

Ein Siniya (, ''‘Ayn Sîniyâ'') is a small Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, north of Ramallah, and approximately 1km northeast from Jifna.Grant, 1921, p
223
It lies in a valley surrounded with olive and fig-terraces.

Location

'Ein Siniya is located (horizontally) 8km east of Ramallah. It is bordered by Yabrud and Ein Yabrud to the east, 'Atara and Silwad to the north, Jifna and Birzeit to the west, and Jifna and Dura al-Qar' to the south.

History

Antiquity

Numerous rock-cut tombs have been found around the village.

Clermont-Ganneau identified Ein Siniya with Biblical ''Jeshanah'' and ''Isana'' of Josephus, but modern authors place that at ''Kh. el-Burn''. In 1872, a rock-cut tomb with a Hebrew inscription was found in the village, and Clermont-Ganneau later deciphered its beginning as "Hananiah, son of Eleazar, son of...".

Ein Siniya has usually been identified as the Crusader village ''Aineseins'', which was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre.Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p
11
/ref> However, C. N. Johns, writing in 1939, thought that ''Aineseins'' was located by Tel Beit Shemesh.

Claude Reignier Conder and Herbert Kitchener wrote in 1882 that a small Crusader fort appeared to have been situated there,Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p
291
/ref> however, this has not been verified by later sources.Pringle, 1997, p
20
/ref> Additionally, Conder and Kitchener mention the tomb with a Hebrew inscription that was discovered at the location, as well as a gateway adorned door that they thought was of Arab Christian origin.

Ottoman era

During Palestine's rule by the Ottoman Empire (16th-19th centuries), Ein Siniya was located in the sheikhdom of Bani Zeid, in the Jerusalem Sanjak. In 1556, it was the smallest village in the sheikhdom, having under ten households.Singer, 1994, p
77
/ref> Potsherds from the early Ottoman period have been found. In the Ottoman census of 1596, Ein Siniya was a part of the ''nahiya'' ("subdistrict") of Jerusalem, which was under the administration of the Jerusalem Sanjak. The village had a population of 12 households, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, vineyards, fruit trees, occasional revenues, beehives and/or goats; a total of 4,300 akçe.

Prior to the 1834 peasants' revolt, Ein Siniya belonged to the Bani Murrah tribe. After the revolt, the sheikhs were appointed by Ibrahim Pasha. In 1838, Biblical scholar Edward Robinson found the village to be surrounded with vineyards and fruit-trees. There were also gardens of vegetables, watered from a well. It was further noted as Muslim village, located in the ''Beni Murrah'' district, north of Jerusalem.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p.
125
/ref>

In 1870, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he found to have two hundred inhabitants. Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about the same year (1870) that Ein Siniya had 57 houses and a population of 218, though the population count included men only.

In 1882, the PEF's '' Survey of Western Palestine'' described Ain Sinia as a small village, but of "undoubted antiquity." Early in the 20th century, Ain Sinya was "practically" the property of a wealthy Arab native of Jerusalem who influenced authorities to build a carriage road next to Ein Siniya to benefit the village. In 1907 the population was Muslim. At the same time it was noted that Ein Siniya, unlike other Arab villages in the area, grew mulberry and walnut trees in abundance instead of olive or fig groves.

In 1896 the population of Ain Sinja'' was estimated to be about 237 persons.

Moshe Sharett, later Prime Minister of Israel, lived in Ein Siniya for two years, in 1906-1908, after the family's immigration from Ukraine. During this period, Sharett's father and two uncles ran a farmstead which included an olive-oil press and a flour mill.

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the population numbered 114, Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 288, in 59 inhabited houses. 15 villagers were Christian, the rest Muslim.Mills, 1932, p
49
/ref>

In 1945 statistics Ein Siniya had a population of 330 inhabitants; 310 Muslims and 20 Christians,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p
26
/ref> and a total land area of 2,724 dunams, most of which was Arab-owned. Its built-up area consisted of 21 dunams, while 2,404 dunams were cultivated. 1,856 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, and 548 for cereals.

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements

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