Baron Henri Eduard Joseph de Lannoy (3 December 1787 – 28 March 1853), was a Flemish composer, teacher, conductor, and writer on music who spent most of his life in Austria. His compositions bridge the classical and early romantic styles. His full name and title in German was 'Heinrich Eduard Josef,

Freiherr (; male, abbreviated as ), (; his wife, abbreviated as , literally "free lord" or "free lady") and (, his unmarried daughters and maiden aunts) are designations used as titles of nobility in the German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire ...

von Lannoy'.

Biography

Political background The turbulent political events from 1789 include the

Belgian Revolution The Belgian Revolution (, ) was the conflict which led to the secession of the southern provinces (mainly the former Southern Netherlands) from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Belgium. ...

and the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...

; during the subsequent

French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted France against Britain, Austria, Pruss ...

, French troops under

Napoléon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

pushed the armies of the

First Coalition The War of the First Coalition (french: Guerre de la Première Coalition) was a set of wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797 initially against the constitutional Kingdom of France and then the French Republic that suc ...

as far as the

Rhine The Rhine ; french: Rhin ; nl, Rijn ; wa, Rén ; li, Rien; rm, label=Sursilvan, Rein, rm, label=Sutsilvan and Surmiran, Ragn, rm, label=Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader and Puter, Rain; it, Reno ; gsw, Rhi(n), including in Alsatian dialect, Al ...

, and in 1795 the Republic of France formally annexed the

Southern Netherlands The Southern Netherlands, also called the Catholic Netherlands, were the parts of the Low Countries belonging to the Holy Roman Empire which were at first largely controlled by Habsburg Spain (Spanish Netherlands, 1556–1714) and later by the A ...

(now Belgium. ''See'' Map of Europe in 1812.) A number of government officials left the country, including Lannoy's father and Jean Vesque de Puttelange; they both eventually obtained official government positions in Vienna, where their sons had fruitful musical careers.

Early life

Eduard de Lannoy was born in

Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...

, then in the

Duchy of Brabant The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg ...

, a region of the

Austrian Netherlands The Austrian Netherlands nl, Oostenrijkse Nederlanden; french: Pays-Bas Autrichiens; german: Österreichische Niederlande; la, Belgium Austriacum. was the territory of the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire between 1714 and 1797. The pe ...

, part of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...

. His father was Pierre Joseph Albert, baron de Lannoy (1733–1825), of the Lannoy family, one of the oldest families in Belgium.See also His father's career began in 1756 in the Finance department of the Austro-Belgian government; after the suppression of the

Jesuit order , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ...

in 1773 he was chief administrator for the disbursement of its estates. He received the Knight's Cross of the Order of St. Stephen and was made a ''Freiherr'' (Baron) in 1809. He died in Wildhaus (see below), 8 February 1825. Lannoy, aged about 8, came with his parents to the Austrian

Duchy of Styria The Duchy of Styria (german: Herzogtum Steiermark; sl, Vojvodina Štajerska; hu, Stájer Hercegség) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 18 ...

in 1796. He attended school and the 'Gymnasium' in

Graz Graz (; sl, Gradec) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Styria and second-largest city in Austria after Vienna. As of 1 January 2021, it had a population of 331,562 (294,236 of whom had principal-residence status). In 2018, the popu ...

from 1796 to 1801. He returned to Brussels and enrolled at the (previously the

Old University of Leuven The Old University of Leuven (or of Louvain) is the name historians give to the university, or '' studium generale'', founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425. The university was closed ...

), where he studied

linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Lingu ...

, philosophy and

jurisprudence Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and they also seek to achieve a deeper understanding of legal reasoning ...

, and especially mathematics and music. A shared prize-winning cantata of his was performed in 1806.

Later life

Lannoy returned to Graz and continued his studies until May 1809. Lannoy spent several years alternating between Vienna and the castle which his father had purchased in 1808, Schloß Wildhaus (now Castle Viltuš), between Selnica ob Dravi and Marburg on the

Drau The Drava or Drave''Utrata Fachwörterbuch ...

(now

Maribor Maribor ( , , , ; also known by other historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, the seat of the Drava stati ...

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and ...

). where he dedicated his life to music and poetry. In Graz he was a writer in the circle of Ignaz Kollmann, artist and editor of ''Aufmerksamen'' ('Observations'). He worked meritoriously and disproportionally in the service of music, less as a composer than to uplift and awake music's meaning and power. He became a member of the

Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde The Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien (), also known as the Wiener Musikverein (German for 'Viennese Music Association'), is an Austrian music organization that was founded in 1812 by Joseph Sonnleithner, general secretary of the Court Thea ...

, involving himself with oratorios and mixed concerts. Vincenz Houška conducted many of them, with Lannoy conducting in 1824–1825. Lannoy conducted the Concerts Spirituels founded by Franz X. Gebauer in 1820. After Gebauer died in 1822 aged 37, Lannoy, along with Carl Holz and Ludwig Titze continued to present the concerts. Lannoy's own music collection shows that a wide variety of contemporary music was played at these concerts. Lannoy gave composition lessons to

Johann Vesque von Püttlingen Johann Vesque von Püttlingen (pseudonym Johann Hoven) (23 July 1803 – 29 October 1883), born J. Vesque de Puttelange, was an Austrian lawyer, diplomat, author, composer and singer. His full name and title in German was Johann Vesque, Freiherr ...

, who went on to write 300 songs under the pseudonym 'J. Hoven' (after Beethoven). The pianist child prodigy

Leopoldine Blahetka Marie Leopoldine Blahetka (16 November 1809 – 17 January 1885) was an Austrian pianist and composer. Life Leopoldine Blahetka was born in Guntramsdorf near Vienna, the child of George and Barbara Joseph Blahetka Sophia, née Traeg. Her fathe ...

had through-bass lessons with Lannoy. Lannoy was a contributor (number 22) to the fifty variations which

Anton Diabelli Anton (or Antonio) Diabelli (5 September 17818 April 1858) was an Austrian music publisher, editor and composer. Best known in his time as a publisher, he is most familiar today as the composer of the waltz on which Ludwig van Beethoven wrote ...

commissioned from composers in the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...

in 1819: Beethoven responded with 33 of his own

Diabelli Variations The ''33 Variations on a waltz by Anton Diabelli'', Op. 120, commonly known as the ''Diabelli Variations'', is a set of variations for the piano written between 1819 and 1823 by Ludwig van Beethoven on a waltz composed by Anton Diabelli. It for ...

Carl Czerny Carl Czerny (; 21 February 1791 – 15 July 1857) was an Austrian composer, teacher, and pianist of Czech origin whose music spanned the late Classical and early Romantic eras. His vast musical production amounted to over a thousand works and h ...

's Piano Sonata no. 11, Op. 730, was dedicated to Lannoy, as was Spohr's 5th Symphony (along with Carl Holz, Ludwig Titze and

Ignaz Seyfried Ignaz Xaver, Ritter von Seyfried (15 August 1776 – 27 August 1841) was an Austrian musician, conductor and composer. He was born and died in Vienna. According to a statement in his handwritten memoirs he was a pupil of both Wolfgang Amadeus M ...

). Lannoy's collection of musical manuscripts included a set of 18th century parts for Mozart's Symphony no. 4, K. 181(162^b).This early work dating from 1764–65 may have been originally composed at

20 Frith Street 20 Frith Street is a building in the Soho district of London. It is located on the east side of Frith Street, close to the junction with Old Compton Street. The building which currently occupies the site of 20 Frith Street was built in 1858 by W ...

, London, during the

Mozart family grand tour The Mozart family grand tour was a journey through western Europe, undertaken by Leopold Mozart, his wife Anna Maria, and their musically gifted children Maria Anna (Nannerl) and Wolfgang Theophilus (Wolferl) from 1763 to 1766. At the start o ...

of Europe. . Lannoy came into the circle of folkloric-educational endeavours centering on the unconventional

Archduke John of Austria Archduke John of Austria (german: Erzherzog Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Österreich; 20 January 1782 – 11 May 1859), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, was an Austrian field marshal and imperial regent (''Reichsverwes ...

.Coincidentally, the great-great-grandfather of the conductor

Nikolaus Harnoncourt Johann Nikolaus Harnoncourt or historically Johann Nikolaus Graf de la Fontaine und d'Harnoncourt-Unverzagt; () (6 December 1929 – 5 March 2016) was an Austrian conductor, particularly known for his historically informed performances of music ...

Erzherzog Johann was best man at his wedding in Wildhaus. Lannoy was keen for folk music to be annotated and written down. In conversation and in writing, he disseminated the ideas of

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revol ...

in Vienna, especially the musical articles in the Aesthetic Lexicon by Ignaz Jeitteles which stem from his quill ("stammen aus Lannoy's Feder"). Lannoy was a powerful impulse for cultural and musical life in Graz and Vienna. He sat on the board of directors of the

, conducted its concerts. He sat on the board of the Vienna Conservatory, and was its director from 1830 until 1835. He accompanied

Adelaide Kemble Adelaide Kemble (13 February 18154 August 1879) was an English opera singer of the Victorian era, and a member of the Kemble family of actors. She was the younger sister of Fanny Kemble, the famous actress and anti-slavery activist. Her father wa ...

('Miß Adelheid Kemble') in a performance of Schubert songs for the new

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the ...

and queen of Hanover in

Karlsbad Karlsbad may refer to: *Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic (formerly known by its German name Karlsbad, and known as Carlsbad in English) *Karlsbad (Baden) Karlsbad (; South Franconian: ''Kallsbad'') is a municipality in the district of Karlsruhe, in ...

on 26 August 1837, following a concert earlier in August with

Leopold Jansa Leopold Jansa (23 March 1795, Wildenschwert ( cs, Ústí nad Orlicí), far north-east Bohemia, Austrian Empire – 25 January 1875, Vienna) was a Bohemian violinist, composer, and teacher. He was born in Wildenschwert, Austria-Hungary (present ...

Friends

His greatest reverence was reserved for Beethoven (''see'' ), and he was on friendly terms with (alphabetically)

Hector Berlioz In Greek mythology, Hector (; grc, Ἕκτωρ, Hektōr, label=none, ) is a character in Homer's Iliad. He was a Trojan prince and the greatest warrior for Troy during the Trojan War. Hector led the Trojans and their allies in the defense o ...

Alexandre Boucher Alexandre Boucher (11 April 1778 – 29 December 1861)Dates froAlexandre Boucherdata.bnf.fr. Retrieved 17 March 2018. In Paul Nettl's ''Beethoven Encyclopedia'' the dates are 1778–1861. In George Grove's ''A Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' ...

Félicien David Félicien-César David (13 April 1810 – 29 August 1876) was a French composer. Biography Félicien David was born in Cadenet, and began to study music at the age of five under his father, whose death when the boy was six left him an impoverish ...

Gaetano Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, he was a leading composer of the ''bel canto'' opera style dur ...

Franz Lachner Franz Paul Lachner (2 April 1803 – 20 January 1890) was a German composer and conductor. Biography Lachner was born in Rain am Lech to a musical family (his brothers Ignaz, Theodor and Vinzenz also became musicians). He studied music with ...

Franz Liszt Franz Liszt, in modern usage ''Liszt Ferenc'' . Liszt's Hungarian passport spelled his given name as "Ferencz". An orthographic reform of the Hungarian language in 1922 (which was 36 years after Liszt's death) changed the letter "cz" to simpl ...

Ignaz Moscheles Isaac Ignaz Moscheles (; 23 May 179410 March 1870) was a Bohemian piano virtuoso and composer. He was based initially in London and later at Leipzig, where he joined his friend and sometime pupil Felix Mendelssohn as professor of piano at the ...

, Ignaz Franz Mosel, Mozart's son

Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (26 July 1791 – 29 July 1844), also known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Jr., was the youngest child of six born to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his wife Constanze and the younger of his parents' two surviving children. ...

Ignaz von Seyfried Ignaz Xaver, Ritter von Seyfried (15 August 1776 – 27 August 1841) was an Austrian musician, conductor and composer. He was born and died in Vienna. According to a statement in his handwritten memoirs he was a pupil of both Wolfgang Amadeus Mo ...

, Wenzel J Tomaschek, and

Henri Vieuxtemps Henri François Joseph Vieuxtemps ( 17 February 18206 June 1881) was a Belgian composer and violinist. He occupies an important place in the history of the violin as a prominent exponent of the Franco-Belgian violin school during the mid-19th ce ...

. He was closest to fellow clarinettist Count Ferdinando Troyer, the dedicatee of Franz Schubert's Octet in F major, D. 803. Another of his friends was

, with whom he had composition lessons. Both came from Brussels, where their fathers had been government officials in the government of the

and were displaced by the French Revolution in 1795. He maintained a lively exchange of letters with

Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include sym ...

, the Swiss composer

Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee (18 April 1786 – 27 August 1868) was a Swiss-born composer, teacher of composition and writer on music, resident in Frankfurt-am-Main for most of his career. Life He was born in Lucerne; his father Jost Schnyde ...

and

Works

His ''oeuvre'' runs to some 70

opus number In musicology, the opus number is the "work number" that is assigned to a musical composition, or to a set of compositions, to indicate the chronological order of the composer's production. Opus numbers are used to distinguish among composit ...

Symphonies

* Symphony in E major. Pemiered 1821 at a Gesellschaft concert (Symphony in E ("auf fünf Stimmen") published in Vienna by Haslinger) * Symphony in C major. Premiered 1822 at 6th 'Concert spirituel' Reviewed i
''Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung'', vol. 24, pp. 360–361
(in German), plus a list of works played in the Concerts Spirituels. * Symphony no. 3 (in B?) According to

Wolfgang Suppan Wolfgang Suppan (5 August 1933 – 4 May 2015) was an Austrian musicologist. He is the father of the wind musician and composer Armin Suppan. Career Born in Irdning, Suppan studied music at the and musicology (Hellmut Federhofer), folklore wit ...

, the four movements of his third symphony – which is based on the tale of '' Count Lara'' by

Lord Byron George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), known simply as Lord Byron, was an English romantic poet and Peerage of the United Kingdom, peer. He was one of the leading figures of the Romantic movement, and h ...

– are unified as

program music Program music or programatic music is a type of instrumental art music that attempts to musically render an extramusical narrative. The narrative itself might be offered to the audience through the piece's title, or in the form of program note ...

by a single characteristic theme, predating Berlioz' ''

Symphonie fantastique ' (''Fantastical Symphony: Episode in the Life of an Artist … in Five Sections'') Op. 14, is a program symphony written by the French composer Hector Berlioz in 1830. It is an important piece of the early Romantic period. The first performanc ...

'' of 1830 by several years.

Operas

* ''Margarethe oder Die Räuber'' (1813/1814) (premiere in Graz, given in Vienna 1819) * ''Olindo und Sophronia'' (1815) * ''Rosa oder Die Einsiedeley in den Alpen'' (1816) * ''Die Morlaken'' ('The

Morlachs Morlachs ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Morlaci, Морлаци or , ; it, Morlacchi; ro, Morlaci) has been an exonym used for a rural Christian community in Herzegovina, Lika and the Dalmatian Hinterland. The term was initially used for a bilingual Vlach past ...

') (1817) Italian libretto by

Gaetano Rossi Gaetano Rossi (; 18 May 1774 – 25 January 1855) was an Italian opera librettist for several of the well-known ''bel canto''-era composers including Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Saverio Mercadante in Italy and Giacomo Meyerbeer in on ...

, translated by Lannoy. (premiere Graz 1817) * ''Libussa, Böhmens erste Königin'' (1818/1819) (premiere Brno) * ''Die Europäer in Ostindien'' (1823) * ''I due forzati'' (1825) * ''Der Schreckenstein'' (1825) * ''Des Liedes Macht'' (1826), unfinished * ''Schloß Darville'' (1839), unfinished

Singspiels

* ''Jery und Bätely'' (1816) * ''Kätly'' (1827) (premiere 24 April

Burgtheater The Burgtheater (literally:"Castle Theater" but alternatively translated as "(Imperial) Court Theater"), originally known as '' K.K. Theater an der Burg'', then until 1918 as the ''K.K. Hofburgtheater'', is the national theater of Austria in ...

Vienna) * ''Zauberer Papagei und König Bär'', Zaubererspiel (1830)

Melodramas

* ''Ein Uhr, oder Der Zauberbund um Mitternacht'' (1822) Text by Wilhelm Vogel (1772–1843), from the English of Matthew ("Monk") Lewis. * ''Der Mörder'' (1822) * ''Carlos Romaldi'' (1822) * ''Emmy Teels'' (1823) * ''Die beiden Galeerensklaven'' (1823) * ''Der Löwe von Florenz'' (1823) * ''Abu, der schwarze Wundermann'' (1826) (produced in Vienna and Germany 1826–1830)

Other works

;Works with known Opus number * Piano Sonata in A, Op. 6 (pub Mechetti) * Erstes Rondo in C, Op. 7 (pub Haslinger) * Grand Sonata in A minor, Op. 9 * Grand quintet in E, Op. 12, for oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon and piano * Grand Trio für Klavier, Klarinette und Cello, Op. 15 * Grosses Trio für Klavier, Violon und Violoncell, Op. 16. Vienna: S. A. Steiner (1820) * Variations and Polonaise for Violin, Op. 17 * ''National-Tanz und Sangweisen des osterreichischen Kaiserstaats. Eine Sammlung charakteristischer Rondo's leichter Art'', Book 1: Austria. Book 2: Styria, Opp. 30, 31 * Lieder, Op. 48 * Song, ''General Hentzi''. Poem by , for soprano (or tenor.) Op. 68. Vienna: Mechetti * 6 easy Polonaises for piano, Op. 69 ;Without Opus number * Overture and entractes for Castelli's play ''Tsar Ivan''. * 3 sonatas for violin and piano * Adagio and Polonaise for violin and piano (Bravura Variations?) * Variations on a theme from Rossini's ''

Zelmira ''Zelmira'' () is an opera in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Andrea Leone Tottola. Based on the French play, ''Zelmire'' by de Belloy, it was the last of the composer's Neapolitan operas. Stendhal called its music Teutonic, co ...

'' for piano ;Songs * "Inno di Piero Maroncelli" (1838) * Romance (words by

La Fontaine Jean de La Fontaine (, , ; 8 July 162113 April 1695) was a French fabulist and one of the most widely read French poets of the 17th century. He is known above all for his ''Fables'', which provided a model for subsequent fabulists across Eur ...

) (1838) * Romance (1838) * "Lied der Schmetterlinge" (Song of the Butterflies) (words by

Rückert Rückert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Ernst Rückert (1886–1945), German stage and film actor *Feodor Rückert (1840–1917), silversmith, goldsmith, and Fabergé workmaster of German origin *Friedrich Rückert (1788� ...

) (1839) * Two duets for mezzo-soprano and contralto, with piano (1840) * "An die Sterne" (To the Stars) (words by Rückert) (1841) * "Schön bist du" (Rückert) (1842) * "Zwölf Freier" (Rückert) ('Twelve suitors would I have') (1842) * "Canzonetta veneziana" (1842) * "Abendlied" (Rückert) (1844?) * "Odalisque aux doux yeux" ong, begins: "Livre aux vents du Bosphore"(1845)

Poetry

Family

In 1819 he married Magdalena Katharina Josephine, daughter of Franz Xaver von Carneri. They had no children. They adopted a son, Rudolf Oskar Freiherr von Gödel-Lannoy (1814–1883): In 1855 he was Consul-General of Syria & Palestine, in Beirut: Consul-General in Jassy, Moldavia, (now Iași, Romania), from October 1855 to 1862: Präsident der Central-Seebehörde Triest (Central Maritime Agency,

Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into pr ...

) in 1868 and Ritter der L. Ordnungs. See also

Exequatur An exequatur (Latin, literally "let it execute") is a legal document issued by a sovereign authority that permits the exercise or enforcement of a right within the jurisdiction of the authority. International relations An exequatur is a patent w ...

and Schachbender – (Ottoman Consul) He was on the board of directors of the K.K. priv. Südbahn-Gesellschaft in 1872 :de:Südbahn (Österreich) – Verwaltungsrath in Wien. "At the same time plans for a direct connection through the Alps were developed, promoted by

– ho knew Johann Vesque de Puttlingen) to open up the Styrian lands beyond Semmering Pass." (Southern Railway (Austria)">Southern Railway Southern Railway or Southern Railroad may refer to: Argentina * Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway, Argentina * Southern Fuegian Railway, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina Australia * Main Southern railway line, New South Wales, Australia * Southern r ...