The Family 0 is a family of inline

piston engine A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more Reciprocating motion, reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a Circular motion, rotating motion. This article ...

s that was developed by

Opel Opel Automobile GmbH (), usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021. It was owned by the American automaker General Motors from 1929 until 2017 and the PSA Gr ...

, at the time a subsidiary of

General Motors General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The company is most known for owning and manufacturing f ...

. It was developed as a low-displacement engine for use on entry-level subcompact cars from

Vauxhall Vauxhall ( , ) is an area of South London, within the London Borough of Lambeth. Named after a medieval manor called Fox Hall, it became well known for the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens. From the Victorian period until the mid-20th century, Va ...

. These engines feature a light-weight

cast-iron Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content of more than 2% and silicon content around 1–3%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloying elements determine the form in which its car ...

semi-closed deck

engine block In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure that contains the cylinders and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attach ...

with an

aluminum Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol Al and atomic number 13. It has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. Aluminium has ...

cylinder head In a piston engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders, forming the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines the head is a simple plate of metal containing the spark plugs and possibly heat dissipation fins. In more modern ...

. The

valvetrain A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) into the combu ...

consists of

chain A chain is a serial assembly of connected pieces, called links, typically made of metal, with an overall character similar to that of a rope in that it is flexible and curved in compression but linear, rigid, and load-bearing in tension. A ...

-driven

hollowcast Permanent mold casting is a metal casting process that employs reusable molds ("permanent molds"), usually made from metal. The most common process uses gravity to fill the mold, however gas pressure or a vacuum are also used. A variation on the ...

dual overhead camshafts (DOHC) that actuate 4-valves per cylinder via roller finger followers with

hydraulic tappet A hydraulic tappet, also known as a hydraulic valve lifter or hydraulic lash adjuster, is a device for maintaining zero valve clearance in an internal combustion engine. Conventional solid valve lifters require regular adjusting to maintain a ...

s. These engines also feature a bore spacing and fracture-split

connecting rod A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a reciprocating engine, piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank (mechanism), crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the p ...

s. Later versions also incorporate a

variable length intake manifold In internal combustion engines, a variable-length intake manifold (VLIM),variable intake manifold (VIM), or variable intake system (VIS) is an automobile internal combustion engine manifold technology. As the name implies, VLIM/VIM/VIS can vary ...

(VLIM) and

variable valve timing Variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a Poppet valve, valve lift event in an internal combustion engine, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combina ...

(VVT). Originally debuting as either a

straight-3 A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engine, straight-three engines have nonethel ...

straight-4 A straight-four engine (also referred to as an inline-four engine) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout ( ...

; a I4 variant was added with the introduction of the second generation, replacing the 1.4 L

Family 1 engine The GM Family I is a straight-four piston engine that was developed by Opel, a former subsidiary of General Motors and now a subsidiary of PSA Group, to replace the Vauxhall OHV, Opel OHV and the smaller capacity Opel CIH engines for use on ...

. The ''Family 0'' engines were produced by

Opel Wien Opel Wien GmbH (formerly GM Powertrain Austria GmbH) is an Austrian manufacturing company based in Vienna / Aspern, Austria and was a subsidiary of General Motors. Currently a subsidiary of the Dutch-based multinational automotive manufacturer S ...

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

Aspern Aspern () is a neighbourhood in Vienna, Austria, within Donaustadt, the Districts of Vienna, 22nd district of Vienna. It has a population of 52,375 as of 2023 and covers an area of 19.89 km2. History The area is known for the Battle of Asp ...

(Austria), by GM in Bupyeong (Korea) and Flint (Michigan, USA).

Generation I

The engine was first introduced in the 1996

Opel Corsa The Opel Corsa is a supermini car manufactured and marketed by Opel since 1982 — as well as other brands, namely Vauxhall Motors, Vauxhall, Chevrolet, and Holden. At its height of popularity, the Corsa became the best-selling car in the ...

, either as a three-cylinder or as a

four-cylinder The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categoriz ...

version. This was Opel's first three-cylinder engine. Applications: * 2000-2004 Opel/Vauxhall Agila * 1998-2003 Opel/Vauxhall Astra G * 1996-2000 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa B * 2000-2004 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa C

Generation II

The second generation Family 0 began production in November 2002. It is an updated version of the Family 0 engine and features

TwinPort In internal combustion engines, a variable-length intake manifold (VLIM),variable intake manifold (VIM), or variable intake system (VIS) is an automobile internal combustion engine manifold technology. As the name implies, VLIM/VIM/VIS can vary ...

technology – twin intake ports with a choke closing one of the ports at low RPM, providing strong air swirl pattern for higher torque levels and better fuel economy. The

crankshaft A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a reciprocating engine, piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating Shaft (mechanical engineering), shaft containing one or more crankpins, ...

and oil galleries were also redesigned to lower power loss; thereby increasing fuel economy. Applications: * 2003-2010 Opel/Vauxhall Combo C * 2003-2006 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa C/ Holden Barina (XC) * 2006-2014 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa D * 2004-2009 Opel/Vauxhall Tigra TwinTop * 2004-2010 Opel/Vauxhall Astra H * 2005-2009 Opel/Vauxhall Astra G Classic models * 2003-2007 Opel/Vauxhall Agila * 2004-2010 Opel/Vauxhall Meriva A

Generation III

The EcoFlex engine is a version of the TwinPort tuned to provide better fuel economy and lower emissions. The 1.4 L engine was introduced in 2008 and the 1.0 L engine in 2010. For model year 2012, the EcoFlex engines have been updated with double cam phasing (DCVCP) in a ''Gen III'' block. Certain Opel and US-market Chevrolet versions of the

Delta II Delta II was an expendable launch system, originally designed and built by McDonnell Douglas, and sometimes known as the Thorad Delta 1. Delta II was part of the Delta rocket family, derived directly from the Delta 3000, and entered service in ...

platform compact cars use a

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the ...

version of the 1.4 L engine with double variable cam phasing (DCVCP); in the future, an optional

gasoline direct injection Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), is a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline (petrol) which injects fuel directly into the combustion chamber. This is distinct f ...

system will be introduced. Opel versions feature Start&Stop system from 2011 and a ''Gen III'' block; a lower-power 120 ps version has been introduced as well. For model year 2013, the overboost to has been added. {, class=wikitable , - !Name!!Displacement!!Configuration!!Bore!!Stroke!!Compression Ratio!!Power!!Torque , - , , ''A10XEP'' (LDB), , rowspan=1, , , rowspan=1, I3, , rowspan=7, , , rowspan=1, , , rowspan=7, 10.5:1, , at 5300 rpm, , at 4000 rpm , - , , ''A12XEL'' (LWD), , rowspan=2, , , rowspan=11, I4, , rowspan=2, , , at 5600 rpm, , rowspan=2, at 4000 rpm , - , , ''A12XER'' (LDC), , at 5600 rpm , - , , ''A14XFL'' (LUU), , rowspan=4, , , rowspan=9, , , at 4800 rpm, , at 4800 rpm , - , , ''A14XEL'' (L2Z), , at 6000 rpm, , rowspan=3, at 4000 rpm , - , , ''A14XER'' (LDD), , rowspan=2, at 6000 rpm , - , , ''A14XFR'' (L2N) , - , , ''A14NEL/B14NEL'' (LUH), , rowspan=5, , , rowspan=5, , , rowspan=5, 9.5:1, , at 4800–6000 rpm, , , - , , ''A14NET'' (LUJ), , rowspan=2, at 4900–6000 rpm, , rowspan=2, , - , , ''U14NFT'' (LUJ) , - , , ''U14NFT'' (LUV), , at 4900 rpm, , at 1850 or 2500 rpm , - , , ''B14NEH'' (LUJ), , at 4900-5500 rpm, , {{ubl , {{cvt, 220, Nm, lbft, 0 at 2750-4500 rpm , - Turbomotor

Applications: *2011–2019 Opel/Vauxhall Corsa *2009–2015 Opel/Vauxhall Astra J *2010–2017 Opel/Vauxhall Meriva B *2011–2019 Opel/Vauxhall Zafira Tourer *2011–2015

Chevrolet Cruze The Chevrolet Cruze is a compact car produced by General Motors from 2008 through 2023. It was designated as a globally developed, designed, and manufactured four-door compact sedan, complemented by a five-door hatchback body variant from 2011, ...

*2016

Limited *2010–2015 Chevrolet Volt / Opel/Vauxhall Ampera *2012–2020 Chevrolet Aveo/Sonic *2013–2019

Opel Adam The Opel Adam is a city car engineered and produced by the German car manufacturer Opel, and is named after the company's founder Adam Opel. It was sold under the Vauxhall marque in the United Kingdom. It was launched in France at the 2012 Pa ...

*2013–2016

Cadillac ELR The Cadillac ELR is a two-door, four-passenger luxury car, luxury plug-in hybrid compact car, compact coupé manufactured and marketed by Cadillac for model years, model years (MY) 2014 and 2016 – with a hiatus for MY 2015. Using a retuned vers ...

*2013–present Buick Encore / Opel Mokka *2014-present Chevrolet/Holden Trax *2017–2019 Vanderhall Venicehttps://vanderhallusa.com/venice/ (d/l 10-Jul-2019) *2016- Roewe e950 *2013-2015

Chevrolet Spin The Chevrolet Spin is a mini MPV produced by General Motors under the Chevrolet marque. Developed by General Motors do Brasil, GM do Brasil, the vehicle replaced the Chevrolet Meriva, Meriva and Chevrolet Zafira, Zafira in South America with an o ...

References

{{reflist {{commons cat {{GM late engine timeline Family 0 Straight-three engines Straight-four engines Gasoline engines by model