The title Earl of Carnwath is a title in the

Peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland (; ) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union 1707, Treaty of Union, the Kingdom of Scots and the ...

, created together with the subsidiary title of Lord Dalzell and Liberton, on 21 April 1639 for Robert Dalzell, 2nd Lord Dalzell. His father, Sir Robert Dalzell, had been raised to the

Peerage A peerage is a legal system historically comprising various hereditary titles (and sometimes Life peer, non-hereditary titles) in a number of countries, and composed of assorted Imperial, royal and noble ranks, noble ranks. Peerages include: A ...

as a

Lord of Parliament A Lord of Parliament () was the holder of the lowest form of peerage, entitled as of right to take part in sessions of the pre- Union Parliament of Scotland. Since that Union in 1707, it has been the lowest rank of the Peerage of Scotland, ran ...

when he was created Lord Dalzell on 18 September 1628, also in the Peerage of Scotland. The titles refer to Carnwath in

Lanarkshire Lanarkshire, also called the County of Lanark (; ), is a Counties of Scotland, historic county, Lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area and registration county in the Central Lowlands and Southern Uplands of Scotland. The county is no l ...

, and Liberton in

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

. The surname of ''Dalzell'' is pronounced .

Earldom of Carnwath

The titles have a

remainder In mathematics, the remainder is the amount "left over" after performing some computation. In arithmetic, the remainder is the integer "left over" after dividing one integer by another to produce an integer quotient ( integer division). In a ...

to heirs male whatsoever bearing the name and arms of Dalzell. This means that they can pass to the senior male heir, whoever that is, outside of the line descending from the first holder the title, should that line become extinct. There is not the usual requirement that the heir be of the body of the original holder. The senior heir male is merely required to be of the

bloodline Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic infor ...

and have the surname and

arms Arms or ARMS may refer to: *Arm or arms, the upper limbs of the body Arm, Arms, or ARMS may also refer to: People * Ida A. T. Arms (1856–1931), American missionary-educator, temperance leader Coat of arms or weapons *Armaments or weapons **Fi ...

of Dalzell. Succession by this special remainder was first to occur on the death of the fourth Earl in 1702, when the line of the first Earl became extinct. The Earldom was, therefore, able to pass through

collateral succession An order, line or right of succession is the line of individuals necessitated to hold a high office when it becomes vacated, such as head of state or an honour such as a title of nobility.Sir Robert Dalzell, 3rd Baronet, the senior heir of the first Lord and a collateral heir of the first Earl being the great-grandson of the first Earl's brother. But for this special remainder, he would have inherited only the Lordship, and the Earldom would have then become extinct.

Family history

The original

seat A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but may also refer to concentrations of power in a wider sense (i.e " seat (legal entity)"). See disambiguation. Types of seat The ...

of the Earls of Carnwath was at Dalzell House,

Motherwell Motherwell (, ) is a List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom, south east of Glasgow. It has a population of around 32,120. Shires of Scotland, Historically in the p ...

North Lanarkshire North Lanarkshire (; ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the north-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs, commuter towns, and villages. It also borders East Dunbartonshire, Falkirk (co ...

. This formed part of the larger Carnwath Estate including the

barony Barony may refer to: * Barony, the peerage, office of, or territory held by a baron * Barony, the title and land held in fealty by a feudal baron * Barony (county division), a type of administrative or geographical division in parts of the British ...

of Dalzell, which had been held by the family since the fourteenth century. This was to be sold by the

third Third or 3rd may refer to: Numbers * 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3 * , a fraction of one third * 1⁄60 of a ''second'', i.e., the third in a series of fractional parts in a sexagesimal number system Places * 3rd Street (di ...

and fourth Earls to help pay the fines of their father and grandfather for their part in supporting the

Royalist A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of gove ...

side during the

English Civil War The English Civil War or Great Rebellion was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Cavaliers, Royalists and Roundhead, Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from 1642 to 1651. Part of the wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of th ...

. It was to be bought by Sir George Lockart, and the Hamilton family, later Barons Hamilton of Dalzell. In 1643 the first Earl was accused by the Convention of the Scottish Estate of betraying them to the

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

during the Civil War. He was fined £10,000 and his titles were forfeited and he was sentenced to death by an act of the Scottish Parliament on 25 February 1645. This act also provided "that his lawful son Gavin, Lord Dalzell, shall enjoy not only all the estates but the title of Earl as if his father were dead". His death sentence was not to be carried out, nor was the forfeiture of the titles recognised in Royalist circles. The first Earl went on to fight with King Charles I at the

battle of Naseby The Battle of Naseby took place on 14 June 1645 during the First English Civil War, near the village of Naseby in Northamptonshire. The Roundhead, Parliamentarian New Model Army, commanded by Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, Sir Th ...

on 14 June 1645, where the Earl received some blame for the loss of the battle. King Charles, attempting to rally his men, rode forward but as he did so, the Earl seized his bridle and pulled him back, fearing for the King's safety. Lord Carnwath's action was misinterpreted by the royalist soldiers as a signal to move back, leading to a collapse of their position. The military balance then tipped decisively in favour of Parliament. The first Earl's nephew, Robert Dalzell, Member of Parliament for

Dumfries Dumfries ( ; ; from ) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the Counties of Scotland, ...

, was created a

baronet A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...

, of Glenae, Dumfries, on 11 April 1666, in the

Baronetage of Nova Scotia Baronets are hereditary titles awarded by the Crown. The current baronetage of the United Kingdom has replaced the earlier, existing baronetages of England, Nova Scotia, Ireland and Great Britain. To be recognised as a baronet, it is necessary ...

. He was the son of

the Honourable ''The Honourable'' (Commonwealth English) or ''The Honorable'' (American English; American and British English spelling differences#-our, -or, see spelling differences) (abbreviation: ''Hon.'', ''Hon'ble'', or variations) is an honorific Style ...

Sir John Dalzell, himself the younger son of the first

Lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power (social and political), power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the Peerage o ...

. The baronetcy was to pass from father to son, until the third Baronet succeeded as the fifth Earl of Carnwath in 1702 by virtue of the Earldom's special remainder, with the peerage titles then merging with the baronetcy. The fifth Earl was a Jacobite sympathiser and supported the

Earl of Mar There are currently two earldoms of Mar in the Peerage of Scotland, and the title has been created seven times. The first creation of the earldom is currently held by Margaret of Mar, 31st Countess of Mar, who is also clan chief of Clan Mar. Th ...

in favour of James Stuart, the Old Pretender, in an unsuccessful rebellion in 1715 known as '' the Fifteen'', or ''Lord Mar's Revolt''. For his role in the rebellion the Hanoverian government passed a Writ of Attainder for treason against Lord Carnwath in 1716. He was sentenced to death, with his titles and what then remained of the estates being forfeited. The death sentence was later to be remitted by virtue of the Indemnity Act 1717. The attainder was reversed by an act of Parliament, the Robert Dalzell Restoration Act 1826 ( 7 Geo. 4. c. ''52''), on 26 May 1826 in favour of his grandson,

Lieutenant-General Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normall ...

Robert Alexander Dalzell and the titles were restored to him. Several of the Earls are noteworthy in their own right. The eighth Earl was reported as being the youngest Earl in Britain in 1873 at the age of fourteen. Both the eleventh and thirteenth Earls were

Scottish representative peer This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union 1707 abolished the unicameral Parliament of Scotland, where all Scottish Peers had been entit ...

in the

House of Lords The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the lower house, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. One of the oldest ext ...

Arms

The Earl's

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

is ''

sable The sable (''Martes zibellina'') is a species of marten, a small omnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kaz ...

, a man's body proper'', i.e. the flesh-coloured silhouette of a man against a black background. The origin of this peculiar arms was written about by Sir Robert Douglas, 6th Baronet, in 1764:

Lords Dalzell (1628)

* Robert Dalzell, 1st Lord Dalzell (died 1635 or 1636) * Robert Dalzell, 2nd Lord Dalzell (1611−1654) (created Earl of Carnwath and Lord Dalzell and Liberton in 1639)

Earls of Carnwath (1639)

:''

Courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but is rather used by custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some context ...

for the

heir apparent An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more e ...

to the Earldom: Lord Dalzell or Lord Liberton, with the

substantive title A substantive title, in the United Kingdom, is a title of nobility which is owned in its own right, as opposed to titles shared among cadets, borne as a courtesy title by a peer's relatives, or acquired through marriage. Current monarchies * ...

of Master of Carnwath'' * Robert Dalzell, 1st Earl of Carnwath (1611−1654), eldest son of the first Lord *

Gavin Dalzell, 2nd Earl of Carnwath Gavin Dalzell, 2nd Earl of Carnwath (1627−1674), styled by the courtesy title Lord Dalzell from 1639, was a Scottish nobleman and Royalist supporter during the English Civil War. He was the son of Robert Dalzell, 1st Earl of Carnwath and Chri ...

(1627−1674), eldest son of the first Earl *

James Dalzell, 3rd Earl of Carnwath James Dalzell, 3rd Earl of Carnwath (1648–1683) was a Scottish nobleman. He was the son of Gavin Dalzell, 2nd Earl of Carnwath and Margaret Carnegie. He was educated in 1659 at the University of Glasgow The University of Glasgow (abbreviat ...

(1648−1683), eldest son of the second Earl * John Dalzell, 4th Earl of Carnwath (1649−1702), youngest son of the second Earl * Robert Dalzell, 5th Earl of Carnwath (1687–1737), great-great-grandson of the first Lord, had succeeded as third Baronet in 1689, (titles forfeited by attainder 1716) :''But for the attainder, the descent would have included the following three individuals'': :*Alexander Dalzell (1721–1787), eldest son of the fifth Earl :*Robert Dalzell (1755–1808), eldest son of the above Alexander Dalzell :*John Dalzell (1795–1814), eldest son of the above Robert Dalzell :''Titles restored by Act of Parliament 26 May 1826'' * Robert Alexander Dalzell, 6th Earl of Carnwath (1768–1839), son of Robert Dalzell (1738–1788), youngest son of the fifth Earl * Thomas Henry Dalzell, 7th Earl of Carnwath (1797–1867), eldest son of the sixth Earl * Henry Arthur Hew Dalzell, 8th Earl of Carnwath (1858–1873), eldest son of the seventh Earl * Arthur Alexander Dalzell, 9th Earl of Carnwath (1799–1875), younger son of the sixth Earl * Harry Burrard Dalzell, 10th Earl of Carnwath (1804–1887), younger son of the sixth Earl * Robert Harris Carnwath Dalzell, 11th Earl of Carnwath (1847–1910), eldest son of

Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...

Robert Dalzell (1816–1878), youngest son of the sixth Earl * Ronald Arthur Dalzell, 12th Earl of Carnwath (1883–1931), eldest son of the eleventh Earl * Arthur Edward Dalzell, 13th Earl of Carnwath (1851–1941), younger son of the above Colonel the Honourable Robert Dalzell (1816–1878), youngest son of the sixth Earl

Dalzell baronets, of Glenae (1666)

Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet (1639−1686), was a Scottish politician. Sir Robert was born in 1639 to The Honourable#United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, the Honourable Sir John Dalzell and Agnes Nisbet. His paternal grandfather was Robert D ...

(1639−1686), grandson of the first Lord Dalzell, through his father,

Sir John Dalzell (died 1669) *

Sir John Dalzell, 2nd Baronet Sir John Dalzell, 2nd Baronet (died 1689) was a Scottish politician. He was the son of Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet and Violet Riddell. He married Harriet Murray, daughter of Murray baronets#Murray_baronets,_of_Stanhope,_Peebles_(13_Februar ...

(died 1689), eldest son of the first Baronet * Sir Robert Dalzell, 3rd Baronet (1687–1737), eldest son of the second Baronet, succeeded as fifth Earl of Carnwath in 1702 :''See above for subsequent holders of the baronetcy''

Note

*In some publications, the numbering of the Earls is greater, as they have taken into account the above three people who were in succession but were unable to legally hold the title during the time it was under

attainder In English criminal law, attainder was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason). It entailed losing not only one's life, property and hereditary titles, but ...

, and in some earlier publications the first Lord is also incorrectly numbered as the first Earl. The above numbering for each Earl is consistent with the modern numbering used in the printing of the

Official Roll of the Baronetage The Official Roll of the Baronetage is an official list of baronets kept by the Lord Chancellor; an abridged version is published online by the Standing Council of the Baronetage. Any person who wishes to officially claim succession to a baronetc ...

in ''

The London Gazette ''The London Gazette'', known generally as ''The Gazette'', is one of the official journals of record or government gazettes of the Government of the United Kingdom, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, i ...

'' in 1915.

References

Bibliography

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Carnwath Earls of Carnwath 1639 establishments in Scotland Noble titles created in 1639