This is a list of operating systems. Computer

operating system An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common daemon (computing), services for computer programs. Time-sharing operating systems scheduler (computing), schedule tasks for ...

s can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing, working state, usage, and by many other characteristics. In practice, many of these groupings may overlap. Criteria for inclusion is notability, as shown either through an existing Wikipedia article or citation to a reliable source.

Proprietary

Acorn Computers

Arthur Arthur is a masculine given name of uncertain etymology. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is Artur. In Spanish and Ital ...

* ARX * MOS *

RISC iX RISC iX is a discontinued Unix operating system designed to run on a series of workstations based on the Acorn Archimedes microcomputer. Heavily based on 4.3BSD, it was initially completed in 1988, a year after Arthur but before RISC OS. It was ...

RISC OS RISC OS () is an operating system designed to run on ARM architecture, ARM computers. Originally designed in 1987 by Acorn Computers of England, it was made for use in its new line of ARM-based Acorn Archimedes, Archimedes personal computers an ...

Amazon

Fire OS Fire OS is an Android (operating system), Android-based operating system developed by Amazon (company), Amazon for their hardware #Devices, devices. Fire OS includes a customized Graphical user interface, user interface primarily centered on con ...

Amiga Inc.

AmigaOS AmigaOS is a family of proprietary native operating systems of the Amiga and AmigaOne personal computers. It was developed first by Commodore International and introduced with the launch of the first Amiga, the Amiga 1000, in 1985. Early versions ...

** AmigaOS 1.0-3.9 (Motorola 68000) **

AmigaOS 4 AmigaOS 4 (abbreviated as OS4 or AOS4) is a line of Amiga operating systems which runs on PowerPC microprocessors. It is mainly based on AmigaOS 3.1 source code developed by Commodore International, Commodore, and partially on version 3.9 develop ...

(PowerPC) *

Amiga Unix Amiga Unix (informally known as Amix) is a discontinued full port of AT&T Unix System V Release 4 operating system developed by Commodore-Amiga, Inc. in 1990 for the Amiga computer family as an alternative to AmigaOS, which shipped by default. O ...

(a.k.a. Amix)

Amstrad

* AMSDOS *

Contiki Contiki is an operating system for networked, memory-constrained systems with a focus on low-power wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Contiki is used for systems for street lighting, sound monitoring for smart cities, radiation monitori ...

* CP/M 2.2 * CP/M Plus *

SymbOS SYmbiosis Multitasking Based Operating System (SymbOS) is a Computer multitasking, multitasking operating system for Zilog Z80-based 8-bit computer systems. Unlike early 8-bit operating systems, SymbOS is based on a microkernel, which provides ...

Apple

Apple II Apple II ("apple Roman numerals, two", stylized as Apple ][) is a series of microcomputers manufactured by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1977 to 1993. The Apple II (original), original Apple II model, which gave the series its name, was designed ...

** Apple DOS ** Apple Pascal ** Apex (Colorado School of Mines) ** Apple ProDOS, ProDOS ** Apple GS/OS, GS/OS ** GNO/ME **

Apple III The Apple III (styled as apple ///) is a business-oriented personal computer produced by Apple Computer and released in 1980. Running the Apple SOS operating system, it was intended as the successor to the Apple II; however, it was largely cons ...

Apple SOS The Sophisticated Operating System, or SOS (), is the primary operating system of the Apple III computer. SOS was developed by Apple Computer and released in October 1980. In 1985, Steve Wozniak, while critical of the Apple III's hardware ...

Apple Lisa Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple, produced from January 19, 1983, to August 1, 1986, and succeeded by Macintosh. It is generally considered the first mass-market personal computer operable through a graphical user interface (GUI). I ...

Mac Mac or MAC may refer to: Common meanings * Mac (computer), a line of personal computers made by Apple Inc. * Mackintosh, a raincoat made of rubberized cloth * Mac, a prefix to surnames derived from Gaelic languages * McIntosh (apple), a Canadi ...

Classic Mac OS Mac OS (originally System Software; retronym: Classic Mac OS) is the series of operating systems developed for the Mac (computer), Macintosh family of personal computers by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1984 to 2001, starting with System 1 and end ...

A/UX A/UX is a Unix-based operating system from Apple Computer for Macintosh computers, integrated with System 7's graphical interface and application compatibility. It is Apple's first official Unix-based operating system, launched in 1988 and disc ...

(

UNIX System V Unix System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T and first released in 1983. Four major versions of System V were released, numbered 1, 2, 3, an ...

with

BSD The Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix or BSD Unix, is a discontinued Unix operating system developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley, beginni ...

extensions) ** Copland **

MkLinux MkLinux (for Microkernel Linux) was an open-source software computer operating system begun by the Open Software Foundation Research Institute and Apple Computer in February 1996, to port Linux to the PowerPC platform, and Macintosh computers. Th ...

Pink Pink is a pale tint of red, the color of the Dianthus plumarius, pink flower. It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, p ...

** Rhapsody **

macOS macOS, previously OS X and originally Mac OS X, is a Unix, Unix-based operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac (computer), Mac computers. With ...

(formerly Mac OS X and OS X) ***

macOS Server Mac OS X Server is a series of discontinued Unix-like server operating systems developed by Apple Inc., based on macOS. It provided server functionality and system administration tools, and tools to manage both macOS-based computers and i ...

(formerly Mac OS X Server and OS X Server) * Apple Network Server **

IBM AIX AIX (pronounced ) is a series of Proprietary software, proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM since 1986. The name stands for "Advanced Interactive eXecutive". Current versions are designed to work with Power ISA based ...

(Apple-customized) * Apple MessagePad **

Newton OS ''Newton OS'' is a discontinued operating system for the Apple Newton PDAs produced by Apple Computer, Inc. between 1993 and 1997. It was written entirely in C++ and trimmed to be low power consuming and use the available memory efficiently. Ma ...

iPhone The iPhone is a line of smartphones developed and marketed by Apple that run iOS, the company's own mobile operating system. The first-generation iPhone was announced by then–Apple CEO and co-founder Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007, at ...

and

iPod Touch The iPod Touch (stylized as iPod touch) is a discontinued line of iOS-based mobile devices designed and formerly marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen-controlled user interface. As with other iPod models, the iPod Touch can be used as a po ...

iOS Ios, Io or Nio (, ; ; locally Nios, Νιός) is a Greek island in the Cyclades group in the Aegean Sea. Ios is a hilly island with cliffs down to the sea on most sides. It is situated halfway between Naxos and Santorini. It is about long an ...

(formerly iPhone OS) ***

iPad The iPad is a brand of tablet computers developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple that run the company's mobile operating systems iOS and later iPadOS. The IPad (1st generation), first-generation iPad was introduced on January 27, 2010. ...

****

iPadOS iPadOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for its iPad line of tablet computers. It was given a name distinct from iOS, the operating system used by Apple's iPhones to reflect the diverging features of the two product lines, suc ...

***

Apple Watch The Apple Watch is a brand of smartwatch products developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple. It incorporates activity tracker, fitness tracking, Health (Apple), health-oriented capabilities, and wireless telecommunication, and integrates wit ...

****

watchOS watchOS is the operating system of the Apple Watch, developed by Apple Inc., Apple. It is based on iOS, the operating system used by the iPhone, and has many similar features. It was released on April 24, 2015, along with the Apple Watch, the o ...

***

Apple TV Apple TV is a digital media player and a microconsole developed and marketed by Apple. It is a small piece of networking hardware that sends received media data such as video and audio to a TV or external display. Its media services include ...

****

tvOS tvOS (formerly Apple TV Software) is an operating system developed by Apple for the Apple TV, a digital media player. In the first-generation Apple TV, Apple TV Software was based on Mac OS X. The software for the second-generation and later ...

*** Embedded operating systems ****

bridgeOS bridgeOS is an embedded operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. for use exclusively with its hardware. bridgeOS runs on the T series Apple silicon processors and operates devices such as the OLED touchscreen A touchscreen ( ...

***

Apple Vision Pro The Apple Vision Pro is a mixed reality, mixed-reality headset developed by Apple Inc., Apple. It was announced on June 5, 2023, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) and was released first in the US, then in global territories thr ...

****

visionOS visionOS is a mixed reality operating system derived primarily from iPadOS and its core frameworks (including UIKit, SwiftUI, ARKit and RealityKit), and MR-specific frameworks for foveated rendering and real-time interaction. It was develope ...

* Embedded operating systems ** A/ROSE **

iPod software The iPod is a series of portable media players and multi-purpose mobile devices that were designed and marketed by Apple Inc. from 2001 to 2022. The first version was released on November 10, 2001, about months after the Macintosh vers ...

(unnamed embedded OS for

iPod The iPod is a series of portable media players and multi-purpose mobile devices that were designed and marketed by Apple Inc. from 2001 to 2022. The iPod Classic#1st generation, first version was released on November 10, 2001, about mon ...

) ** Unnamed

NetBSD NetBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). It was the first open-source BSD descendant officially released after 386BSD was fork (software development), forked. It continues to ...

variant for Airport Extreme and

Time Capsule A time capsule is a historic treasure trove, cache of goods or information, usually intended as a deliberate method of communication with future people, and to help future archaeologists, anthropologists, or historians. The preservation of holy ...

Apollo Computer, Hewlett-Packard

Domain/OS Domain/OS is the discontinued operating system used by the Apollo/Domain line of workstations manufactured by Apollo Computer. It was originally launched in 1981 as AEGIS, and was rebranded to Domain/OS in 1988 when Unix environments were added ...

– One of the first network-based systems. Run on

Apollo/Domain Apollo/Domain is a series of workstations that were developed and produced by Apollo Computer from to 1989. The machines were built around the Motorola 68k series of processors, except for the DN10000, which has from one to four of Apollo's RISC ...

hardware. Later bought by

Hewlett-Packard The Hewlett-Packard Company, commonly shortened to Hewlett-Packard ( ) or HP, was an American multinational information technology company. It was founded by Bill Hewlett and David Packard in 1939 in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California ...

Atari

Atari DOS Atari DOS is the disk operating system used with the Atari 8-bit computers. Operating system extensions loaded into memory were required in order for an Atari computer to manage files stored on a disk drive. These extensions to the operat ...

(for 8-bit computers) *

Atari TOS TOS (The Operating System) is the operating system of the Atari ST range of computers. This range includes the 520ST and 1040ST, their STF/M/FM and STE variants and the Mega ST/STE. Later, 32-bit machines ( TT, Falcon030) were developed using a ...

* Atari MultiTOS *

(for 8-bit, ST, Portfolio)

BAE Systems

XTS-400 The XTS-400 is a multilevel security, multilevel secure computer operating system. It is multiuser and computer multitasking, multitasking that uses multilevel scheduling in processing data and information. It works in networked environments an ...

Be Inc.

BeOS BeOS is a discontinued operating system for personal computers that was developed by Be Inc. It was conceived for the company's BeBox personal computer which was released in 1995. BeOS was designed for multitasking, multithreading, and a graph ...

** BeIA ** BeOS r5.1d0 *** magnussoft ZETA (based on BeOS r5.1d0 source code, developed by yellowTAB)

Bell Labs

Unix Unix (, ; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, a ...

("Ken's new system," for its creator (

Ken Thompson Kenneth Lane Thompson (born February 4, 1943) is an American pioneer of computer science. Thompson worked at Bell Labs for most of his career where he designed and implemented the original Unix operating system. He also invented the B (programmi ...

), officially Unics and then Unix, the prototypic operating system created in Bell Labs in 1969 that formed the basis for the Unix family of operating systems) ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v1 ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v2 ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v3 ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v4 ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v5 ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v6 *** MINI-UNIX ***

PWB/UNIX The Programmer's Workbench (PWB/UNIX) was an early, now discontinued, version of the Unix operating system that had been created in the Bell Labs Computer Science Research Group of AT&T. Its stated goal was to provide a time-sharing working envi ...

**** USG ***** CB Unix ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v7 (It is from Version 7 Unix (and, to an extent, its descendants listed below) that almost all Unix-based and Unix-like operating systems descend.) *** Unix System III *** Unix System IV ***

Unix System V Unix System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T and first released in 1983. Four major versions of System V were released, numbered 1, 2, 3, an ...

**** Unix System V Releases 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, and 4.2 ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v8 ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v9 ** UNIX Time-Sharing System v10 Non-Unix Operating Systems: * BESYS *

Plan 9 from Bell Labs Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system which originated from the Computing Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s and built on UNIX concepts first developed there in the late 1960s. Since 2000, Plan 9 has ...

* Inferno

Burroughs Corporation, Unisys

Burroughs MCP The MCP (Master Control Program) is the operating system of the Burroughs B5000/B5500/B5700 and the B6500 and successors, including the Unisys Clearpath/MCP systems. MCP was originally written in 1961 in ESPOL (Executive Systems Problem Ori ...

CII

* Siris 8

Commodore International

* GEOS *

AROS Research Operating System AROS Research Operating System (AROS, pronounced "AR-OS") is a free and open-source multi media centric implementation of the AmigaOS 3.1 application programming interface (API) which is designed to be portable and flexible. , ports are availab ...

Control Data Corporation

Lower 3000 series

* SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution)

Upper 3000 series

* SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution) ** Drum SCOPE

6x00 and related Cyber

* Chippewa Operating System (COS) ** MACE (Mansfield and Cahlander Executive) *** Kronos (Kronographic OS) **** NOS (Network Operating System) ***** NOS/VE (NOS Virtual Environment) ** SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution) *** NOS/BE NOS Batch Environment * SIPROS (Simultaneous Processing Operating System)

Star-100

Multiple Console Time Sharing System (MCTS), from General Motors Research

CloudMosa

* Puffin OS

Convergent Technologies

Convergent Technologies Operating System The Convergent Technologies Operating System, also known variously as CTOS, BTOS and STARSYS, is a discontinued modular, message-passing, multiprocess-based operating system. Overview CTOS had many innovative features for its time. System acce ...

(CTOS) – later acquired by

Unisys Unisys Corporation is a global technology solutions company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania. The company provides cloud, AI, digital workplace, logistics, and enterprise computing services. History Founding Unis ...

Cromemco

* Cromemco DOS (CDOS) – a Disk Operating system compatible with

CP/M CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created in 1974 for Intel 8080/Intel 8085, 85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Dig ...

* Cromix – a multitasking, multi-user,

-like OS for

Cromemco Cromemco, Inc. was a Mountain View, California microcomputer company known for its high-end Z80-based S-100 bus computers and peripherals in the early days of the personal computer revolution. The company began as a partnership in 1974 between ...

microcomputers with

Z80A The Zilog Z80 is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Zilog that played an important role in the evolution of early personal computing. Launched in 1976, it was designed to be software-compatible with the Intel 8080, offering a compelling altern ...

and/or

68000 The Motorola 68000 (sometimes shortened to Motorola 68k or m68k and usually pronounced "sixty-eight-thousand") is a 16/32-bit complex instruction set computer (CISC) microprocessor, introduced in 1979 by Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector ...

CPU

Data General

* AOS for 16-bit Data General Eclipse computers and AOS/VS for 32-bit (MV series) Eclipses, MP/AOS for microNOVA-based computers * DG/UX * RDOS Real-time Disk Operating System, with variants: RTOS and DOS (not related to

PC DOS PC or pc may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Player character or playable character, a fictional character controlled by a human player, usually in role-playing games or computer games * '' Port Charles'', an American daytime TV soap opera * ...

MS-DOS MS-DOS ( ; acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System, also known as Microsoft DOS) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. Collectively, MS-DOS, its rebranding as IBM PC DOS, and a few op ...

etc.)

Datapoint

* CTOS Cassette Tape Operating System for the

Datapoint 2200 The Datapoint 2200 was a mass-produced programmable terminal usable as a computer, designed by Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC) founders Phil Ray and Gus Roche and announced by CTC in June 1970 (with units shipping in 1971). It was initially ...

* DOS Disk Operating System for the Datapoint 2200, 5500, and 1100

DDC-I, Inc.

Deos DDC-I, Inc. is a privately held company providing software development of real-time operating systems, software development tools, and software services for Life-critical system, safety-critical embedded applications, headquartered in Phoenix, Ari ...

– Time & Space Partitioned RTOS, Certified to DO-178B, Level A since 1998 * HeartOS – POSIX-based Hard Real-Time Operating System

Digital Research, Inc.

CP/M for

Intel 8080 The Intel 8080 is Intel's second 8-bit computing, 8-bit microprocessor. Introduced in April 1974, the 8080 was an enhanced successor to the earlier Intel 8008 microprocessor, although without binary compatibility.'' Electronic News'' was a week ...

/ 8085 and

Zilog Z80 The Zilog Z80 is an 8-bit computing, 8-bit microprocessor designed by Zilog that played an important role in the evolution of early personal computing. Launched in 1976, it was designed to be Backward compatibility, software-compatible with the ...

*** Personal CP/M, a refinement of CP/M *** CP/M Plus with BDOS 3.0 ** CP/M-68K CP/M for

Motorola 68000 The Motorola 68000 (sometimes shortened to Motorola 68k or m68k and usually pronounced "sixty-eight-thousand") is a 16/32-bit complex instruction set computer (CISC) microprocessor, introduced in 1979 by Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector ...

** CP/M-8000 CP/M for

Zilog Z8000 The Zilog Z8000 is a 16-bit microprocessor architecture designed by Zilog and introduced in early 1979. Two chips were initially released, differing only in the width of the address bus; the Z8001 had a 23-bit bus while the Z8002 had a 16-bit b ...

CP/M-86 CP/M-86 is a discontinued version of the CP/M operating system that Digital Research (DR) made for the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088. The system commands are the same as in CP/M-80. Executable files used the relocatable .CMD file format. Digital Re ...

CP/M for

Intel 8088 The Intel 8088 ("''eighty-eighty-eight''", also called iAPX 88) microprocessor is a variant of the Intel 8086. Introduced on June 1, 1979, the 8088 has an eight-bit external data bus instead of the 16-bit bus of the 8086. The 16-bit registers ...

8086 The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and June 8, 1978, when it was released. The Intel 8088, released July 1, 1979, is a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus (allo ...

*** CP/M-86 Plus *** Personal CP/M-86 **

MP/M MP/M (Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program) is a discontinued multi-user version of the CP/M operating system, created by Digital Research developer Tom Rolander in 1979. It allowed multiple users to connect to a single computer, each u ...

Multi-user version of CP/M-80 *** MP/M II ** MP/M-86 Multi-user version of CP/M-86 *** MP/M 8-16, a dual-processor variant of MP/M for 8086 and 8080 CPUs. **

Concurrent CP/M MP/M (Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program) is a discontinued multi-user version of the CP/M operating system, created by Digital Research Digital Research, Inc. (DR or DRI) was a privately held American software company created by ...

, the successor of CP/M-80 and MP/M-80 **

Concurrent CP/M-86 MP/M (Multi-Programming Monitor Control Program) is a discontinued multi-user version of the CP/M operating system, created by Digital Research developer Tom Rolander in 1979. It allowed multiple users to connect to a single computer, each u ...

, the successor of CP/M-86 and MP/M-86 *** Concurrent CP/M 8-16, a dual-processor variant of Concurrent CP/M for 8086 and 8080 CPUs. ** Concurrent CP/M-68K, a variant for the 68000 *

DOS DOS (, ) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. The DOS family primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later compatible syste ...

Concurrent DOS Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers. An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 operating systems, it was originally developed by ...

, the successor of Concurrent CP/M-86 with PC-MODE *** Concurrent PC DOS, a Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCs *** Concurrent DOS 8-16, a dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUs ***

Concurrent DOS 286 Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers. An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 operating systems, it was originally developed by ...

*** Concurrent DOS XM, a real-mode variant of Concurrent DOS with EEMS support *** Concurrent DOS 386 **** Concurrent DOS 386/MGE, a Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilities **

Concurrent DOS 68K Multiuser DOS is a Real-time operating system, real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM Personal Computer, IBM PC-compatible microcomputers. An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 ...

, a port of Concurrent DOS to Motorola 68000 CPUs with DOS source code portability capabilities **

FlexOS FlexOS is a discontinued modular real-time multiuser multitasking operating system ( RTOS) designed for computer-integrated manufacturing, laboratory, retail and financial markets. Developed by Digital Research's Flexible Automation Business ...

1.0 – 2.34, a derivative of Concurrent DOS 286 *** FlexOS 186, a variant of FlexOS for terminals *** FlexOS 286, a variant of FlexOS for hosts **** Siemens S5-DOS/MT, an industrial control system based on FlexOS **** IBM 4680 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOS **** IBM 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOS ***** Toshiba 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS *** FlexOS 386, a later variant of FlexOS for hosts **** IBM 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on FlexOS ***** Toshiba 4690 OS, a POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS *** FlexOS 68K, a derivative of Concurrent DOS 68K **

Multiuser DOS Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers. An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 operating systems, it was originally developed by ...

, the successor of Concurrent DOS 386 *** CCI Multiuser DOS *** Datapac Multiuser DOS **** Datapac System Manager, a derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS *** IMS Multiuser DOS **** IMS

REAL/32 Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers. An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 operating systems, it was originally developed by ...

, a derivative of Multiuser DOS ***** IMS

REAL/NG Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers. An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 operating systems, it was originally developed by ...

, the successor of REAL/32 **

DOS Plus DOS Plus (erroneously also known as DOS+) was the first operating system developed by Digital Research's OEM Support Group in Newbury, Berkshire, UK, first released in 1985. DOS Plus 1.0 was based on CP/M-86 Plus combined with the PCM ...

1.1 – 2.1, a single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1 – 5.0 **

DR-DOS DR-DOS is a disk operating system for IBM PC compatibles, originally developed by Gary A. Kildall's Digital Research, Inc. and derived from Concurrent PC DOS 6.0, which was an advanced successor of CP/M-86. Upon its introduction in 198 ...

3.31 – 6.0, a single-user, single-tasking native DOS derived from Concurrent DOS 6.0 *** Novell

PalmDOS DR-DOS is a disk operating system for IBM PC compatibles, originally developed by Gary A. Kildall's Digital Research, Inc. and derived from Concurrent PC DOS 6.0, which was an advanced successor of CP/M-86. Upon its introduction in 1988, ...

1.0 *** Novell "Star Trek" ***

Novell DOS DR-DOS is a disk operating system for IBM PC compatibles, originally developed by Gary A. Kildall's Digital Research, Inc. and derived from Concurrent PC DOS 6.0, which was an advanced successor of CP/M-86. Upon its introduction in 1988, ...

7, a single-user, multi-tasking system derived from DR DOS *** Caldera

OpenDOS DR-DOS is a disk operating system for IBM PC compatibles, originally developed by Gary A. Kildall's Digital Research, Digital Research, Inc. and derived from Concurrent PC DOS 6.0, which was an advanced successor of CP/M-86. Upon its introd ...

7.01 *** Caldera

7.02 and higher

Digital Equipment Corporation, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise

* Batch-11/DOS-11 *

OS/8 OS/8 is the primary operating system used on the Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-8 minicomputer. PDP-8 operating systems which precede OS/8 include: * R-L Monitor, also referred to as MS/8. * P?S/8, requiring only 4K of memory. * PDP-8 4K ...

RSTS/E RSTS () is a multi-user time-sharing operating system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC, now part of Hewlett-Packard) for the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers. The first version of RSTS (RSTS-11, #Versions, Version 1) was implem ...

– multi-user time-sharing OS for

PDP-11 The PDP–11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers originally sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the late 1990s, one of a set of products in the Programmed Data Processor (PDP) series. In total, around 600,000 PDP-11s of a ...

s *

RSX-11 RSX-11 is a discontinued family of multi-user real-time operating systems for PDP-11 computers created by Digital Equipment Corporation. In widespread use through the late 1970s and early 1980s, RSX-11 was influential in the development of later ...

– multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s *

RT-11 RT-11 (Real-time 11) is a discontinued small, low-end, single-user real-time operating system for the full line of Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 16-bit computers. RT-11 was first implemented in 1970. It was widely used for real-time compu ...

– single user OS for PDP-11 *

TOPS-10 TOPS-10 System (Timesharing / Total Operating System-10) is a discontinued operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-10 (or DECsystem-10) mainframe computer family. Launched in 1967, TOPS-10 evolved from the earlier "Mo ...

– for the PDP-10 * TENEX – an ancestor of

TOPS-20 The TOPS-20 operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) is a proprietary OS used on some of DEC's 36-bit mainframe computers. The Hardware Reference Manual was described as for "DECsystem-10/DECSYSTEM-20 Processor" (meaning the DEC PDP ...

from BBN, for the PDP-10 *

– for the PDP-10 *

DEC MICA MICA was the codename of the operating system developed for the DEC PRISM architecture. MICA was designed by a team at Digital Equipment Corporation led by Dave Cutler. MICA's design was driven by Digital's need to provide a migration path to P ...

– for the DEC PRISM * Digital UNIX – derived from OSF/1, became HP's

Tru64 UNIX Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the DEC Alpha, Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq, and before that, Digital Equipment Corp ...

Ultrix Ultrix (officially all-caps ULTRIX) is the brand name of Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC) discontinued native Unix operating systems for the PDP-11, VAX, MicroVAX and DECstations. History The initial development of Unix occurred on DEC eq ...

* VMS – originally by DEC (now by VMS Software Inc.) for the

VAX VAX (an acronym for virtual address extension) is a series of computers featuring a 32-bit instruction set architecture (ISA) and virtual memory that was developed and sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the late 20th century. The V ...

mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS and ported to

Alpha Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter ''aleph'' , whose name comes from the West Semitic word for ' ...

, and subsequently ported to Intel

Itanium Itanium (; ) is a discontinued family of 64-bit computing, 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture (formerly called IA-64). The Itanium architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard (HP), and was later jointly dev ...

and then to

x86-64 x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set architecture, instruction set. It was announced in 1999 and first available in the AMD Opteron family in 2003. It introduces two new ope ...

WAITS WAITS is a heavily modified variant of Digital Equipment Corporation's Monitor operating system (later renamed to, and better known as, " TOPS-10") for the PDP-6 and PDP-10 mainframe computers, used at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Labor ...

– for the PDP-6 and PDP-10

ENEA AB

* OSE – Flexible, small footprint, high-performance RTOS for control processors

Fujitsu

Towns OS The is a Japanese personal computer built by Fujitsu from 1989 to 1997. It started as a proprietary PC variant intended for multimedia applications and Personal computer game, PC games, but later became more compatible with IBM PC–compatible, ...

* XSP * OS/IV * MSP * MSP-EX

GEC Computers

* COS * DOS *

OS4000 OS4000 is a proprietary operating system introduced by GEC Computers Limited in 1977 as the successor to GEC DOS, for its range of GEC 4000 series 16-bit, and later 32-bit, minicomputers. OS4000 was developed through to late 1990s, and has bee ...

General Electric, Honeywell, Bull

* Real-Time Multiprogramming Operating System * GCOS *

Multics Multics ("MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service") is an influential early time-sharing operating system based on the concept of a single-level memory.Dennis M. Ritchie, "The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System", Communications of t ...

Google

ChromiumOS ChromiumOS (formerly styled as Chromium OS) is a free and open-source Linux distribution designed for running web applications and browsing the World Wide Web. It is the open-source version of ChromeOS, a Linux distribution made by Google. Chr ...

is an open source operating system development version of ChromeOS. Both operating systems are based on the

Linux Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an kernel (operating system), operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically package manager, pac ...

kernel. **

ChromeOS ChromeOS, sometimes styled as chromeOS and formerly styled as Chrome OS, is an operating system designed and developed by Google. It is derived from the open-source operating system and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user ...

is designed to work exclusively with web applications, though has been updated to run Android apps with full support for Google Play Store. Announced on July 7, 2009, ChromeOS is currently publicly available and was released summer 2011. The ChromeOS source code was released on November 19, 2009, under the BSD license as ChromiumOS. ** Container-Optimized OS (COS) is an operating system that is optimized for running Docker containers, based on

. * Android is an operating system for mobile devices. It consists of

Android Runtime Android Runtime (ART) is an application runtime environment used by the Android operating system. Replacing Dalvik, the process virtual machine originally used by Android, ART performs the translation of some of the application's bytecode i ...

(userland) with Linux (kernel), with its Linux kernel modified to add drivers for mobile device hardware and to remove unused Vanilla Linux drivers. * gLinux, a Linux distribution that Google uses internally *

Fuchsia ''Fuchsia'' ( ) is a genus of flowering plants that consists mostly of shrubs or small trees. Almost 110 species of ''Fuchsia'' are recognized; the vast majority are native to South America, but a few occur north through Central America to Mex ...

is a capability-based

real-time Real-time, realtime, or real time may refer to: Computing * Real-time computing, hardware and software systems subject to a specified time constraint * Real-time clock, a computer clock that keeps track of the current time * Real-time Control Syst ...

operating system (RTOS)

scalable Scalability is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work. One definition for software systems specifies that this may be done by adding resources to the system. In an economic context, a scalable business model implies that ...

to universal devices, in early development, from the tiniest embedded hardware, wristwatches, tablets to the largest personal computers. Unlike ChromeOS and Android, it is not based on the Linux kernel, but instead began on a new microkernel called "Zircon", derived from "Little Kernel". *

Wear OS Wear OS, formerly Android Wear, is a closed-source Android (operating system), Android distribution designed for smartwatches and other wearable computer, wearable computers, developed by Google. Wear OS is designed to pair with mobile phones run ...

a version of

Google Google LLC (, ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial ...

's Android

designed for

smartwatch A smartwatch is a portable wearable computer that resembles a wristwatch. Most modern smartwatches are operated via a touchscreen, and rely on mobile apps that run on a connected device (such as a smartphone) in order to provide core functions. ...

es and other

wearables A wearable computer, also known as a body-borne computer, is a computing device worn on the body. The definition of 'wearable computer' may be narrow or broad, extending to smartphones or even ordinary wristwatches. Wearables may be for general ...

Green Hills Software

INTEGRITY Integrity is the quality of being honest and having a consistent and uncompromising adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values. In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and Honesty, truthfulness or of one's actions. Integr ...

– Reliable Operating system * INTEGRITY-178B – A DO-178B certified version of

. * '' μ-velOSity'' – A lightweight

microkernel In computer science, a microkernel (often abbreviated as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS). These mechanisms include low-level address space management, ...

Harris Computer Systems

* Vulcan O/S – Proprietary O/S for Harris Computer Systems (HCX) * CX/UX – Proprietary UNIX based OS for Harris' computers (MCX)

Heathkit, Zenith Data Systems

* HDOS – ran on the H8 and Heath/ Zenith Z-89 series * HT-11 – a modified version of

that ran on the Heathkit H11

Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise

HP Multi-Programming Executive MPE (Multi-Programming Executive) is a discontinued business-oriented mainframe computer real-time operating system developed by Hewlett-Packard for their HP 3000 computers. While the HP 3000s were initially mini-mainframes, the final high-end s ...

(MPE, MPE/XL, and MPE/iX) – runs on HP 3000 and HP e3000 mini-computers *

HP-UX HP-UX (from "Hewlett Packard Unix") is a proprietary software, proprietary implementation of the Unix operating system developed by Hewlett Packard Enterprise; current versions support HPE Integrity Servers, based on Intel's Itanium architect ...

– runs on HP9000 and Itanium servers (from small to mainframe-class computers)

Honeywell

* CP-6, CP-V work-alike for Honeywell Level/66

Huawei

HarmonyOS HarmonyOS (HMOS) ( zh, s=鸿蒙, p=Hóngméng, tr=Vast Mist) is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei for smartphones, tablet computer, tablets, smart TVs, smart watches, personal computers and other smart devices. It has a microk ...

HarmonyOS NEXT HarmonyOS NEXT ( zh, s=鸿蒙星河版, p=Hóngméng Xīnghébǎn) is a proprietary software, proprietary distributed operating system that succeeded the similarly named HarmonyOS, with the main difference that the "Next" operating system was de ...

* LiteOS *

EulerOS EulerOS is a commercial Linux distribution developed by Huawei based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux to provide an operating system for server and cloud environments. Its open-source community version is known as openEuler; the source code of openEul ...

Intel Corporation

* iRMX – real-time operating system originally created to support the Intel 8080 and 8086 processor families in embedded applications. *

ISIS Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom () as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her sla ...

, ISIS-II – "Intel Systems Implementation Supervisor" was an environment for development of software within the Intel microprocessor family in the early 1980s on their

Intellec The Intellec computers were a series of early microcomputers Intel produced in the 1970s as a development platform for their processors. The Intellec computers were among the first microcomputers ever sold, predating the Altair 8800 by at leas ...

Microcomputer Development System and clones. ISIS-II worked with 8 inch floppy disks and had an editor, cross-assemblers, a linker, an object locator, debugger, compilers for

PL/M PL/M, an acronym for ''Programming Language for Microcomputers'', is a high-level language conceived and developed by Gary Kildall in 1973 for Hank Smith at Intel for the Intel 8008. It was later expanded for the newer Intel 8080. The 8080 had ...

, a BASIC interpreter, etc. and allowed file management through a console. * iMAX 432 - an operating system for systems based on Intel's

iAPX 432 The iAPX 432 (''Intel Advanced Performance Architecture'') is a discontinued computer architecture introduced in 1981. It was Intel's first 32-bit processor design. The main processor of the architecture, the ''general data processor'', is im ...

architecture.

IBM

On early mainframes: 1410, 7010, 704, 709, 7090, 7094, 7040, 7044, 7030

* BESYS – for the

IBM 7090 The IBM 7090 is a second-generation Transistor computer, transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computer that was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications". The 7090 is the fourth member o ...

Compatible Time-Sharing System The Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was the first general purpose time-sharing operating system. Compatible Time Sharing referred to time sharing which was compatible with batch processing; it could offer both time sharing and batch proce ...

(CTSS) – developed at MIT's Computation Center for use on a modified

IBM 7094 The IBM 7090 is a second-generation transistorized version of the earlier IBM 709 vacuum tube mainframe computer that was designed for "large-scale scientific and technological applications". The 7090 is the fourth member of the IBM 700/7000 se ...

* FORTRAN Monitor System (FMS) – for the

IBM 709 The IBM 709 is a computer system that was announced by IBM in January 1957 and first installed during August 1958. The 709 was an improved version of its predecessor, the IBM 704, and was the third of the IBM 700/7000 series of scientific compute ...

and 7090 * GM OS & GM-NAA I/O – for the

IBM 704 The IBM 704 is the model name of a large digital computer, digital mainframe computer introduced by IBM in 1954. Designed by John Backus and Gene Amdahl, it was the first mass-produced computer with hardware for floating-point arithmetic. The I ...

* IBSYS – tape based operating system for

and

* 7040/7044 Operating System (16/32K) - 7040-PR-150 * IJMON – A bootable serial I/O monitor for loading programs for the

IBM 1400 series The IBM 1400 series are second-generation (transistor) mid-range business decimal computers that IBM marketed in the early 1960s. The computers were offered to replace tabulating machines like the IBM 407. The 1400-series machines stored infor ...

* 1410 Processor Operating System (PR-155) for the

1410 Year 1410 ( MCDX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 27 – The 8th Parliament of King Henry IV of England is opened, with Thomas Chaucer as Speaker of the House of Co ...

and 7010 * SHARE Operating System (SOS) – for the

and 709 * University of Michigan Executive System (UMES) – for the

, 709, and 7090)

On S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes

OS/360 and successors OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB a ...

on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes **

OS/360 OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB a ...

(first official OS targeted for the

System/360 The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. System/360 was the first family of computers designed to cover both commercial and scientific applicati ...

architecture) *** PCP (Primary Control Program, a kernel and a ground breaking automatic space allocating file system) *** MFT (original Multi-programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, replaced by MFT II) *** MFT II (Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, had up to 15 fixed size application partitions, plus partitions for system tasks, initially defined at boot time but redefinable by operator command) *** MVT (Multi-Programming with a Variable number of Tasks, had up to 15 application regions defined dynamically, plus additional regions for system tasks) *** M65MP (MVT with support for a multiprocessor 360/65) **

OS/VS The IBM System/370 (S/370) is a range of IBM mainframe computers announced as the successors to the System/360 family on June 30, 1970. The series mostly maintains backward compatibility with the S/360, allowing an easy migration path for cus ...

(port of OS/360 targeted for the

System/370 The IBM System/370 (S/370) is a range of IBM mainframe computers announced as the successors to the IBM System/360, System/360 family on June 30, 1970. The series mostly maintains backward compatibility with the S/360, allowing an easy migrati ...

virtual memory In computing, virtual memory, or virtual storage, is a memory management technique that provides an "idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine" which "creates the illusion to users of a ver ...

architecture (OS/370 is not the correct name for OS/VS1 and OS/VS2.) OS/VS has the following variations: ***

OS/VS1 Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, or OS/VS1, is a discontinued IBM mainframe computer operating system designed to be run on IBM System/370 hardware. It was the successor to the Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of Tasks (MFT) option of Sys ...

(Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MFT II) **** OS/VS1 Basic Programming Extensions (BPE) adds device support and VM handshaking *** OS/VS2 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 2, Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT) ****OS/VS2 R1 (Called Single Virtual Storage (SVS), Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT but without multiprocessing support) **** OS/VS2 R2 through R3.8 (called Multiple Virtual Storage, MVS, eliminated most need for VS1). ***** MVS/SE (MVS System Extensions) ** MVS/SP (MVS System Product) V1 **MVS/370 refers to OS/VS2 MVS, MVS/SE and MVS/SP Version 1 **

MVS/XA Multiple Virtual Storage, more commonly called MVS, is the most commonly used operating system on the System/370, System/390 and IBM Z IBM mainframe computers. IBM developed MVS, along with OS/VS1 and SVS, as a successor to OS/360. It is unr ...

(MVS/SP V2, supports S/370 Extended Architecture, 31-bit addressing) **

MVS/ESA Multiple Virtual Storage, more commonly called MVS, is the most commonly used operating system on the System/370, System/390 and IBM Z IBM mainframe computers. IBM developed MVS, along with OS/VS1 and SVS, as a successor to OS/360. It is unr ...

(MVS supported Enterprise Systems Architecture, horizontal addressing extensions: data only address spaces called Dataspaces) *** MVS/SP V3 *** MVS/ESA SP V4 (a Unix environment was available for MVS/ESA SP V4R3) *** MVS/ESA SP V5 (the UNIX environment was bundled in this and all subsequent versions) **

OS/390 OS/390 is an IBM operating system for the System/390 IBM mainframe computers. Overview OS/390 was introduced in late 1995 in an effort to simplify the packaging and ordering for the key, entitled elements needed to complete a fully function ...

replacement for MVS/ESA SP V5 with some products bundled **

z/OS z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for IBM z/Architecture mainframes, introduced by IBM in October 2000. It derives from and is the successor to OS/390, which in turn was preceded by a string of MVS versions.Starting with the earliest: ...

z/Architecture z/Architecture, initially and briefly called ESA Modal Extensions (ESAME), is IBM's 64-bit complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architecture, implemented by its mainframe computers. IBM introduced its first z/Architecture ...

replacement for OS/390 with

64-bit In computer architecture, 64-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 64 bits wide. Also, 64-bit central processing units (CPU) and arithmetic logic units (ALU) are those that are based on processor registers, a ...

virtual addressing ** Phoenix/MVS (Developed at

Cambridge University The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, wo ...

) *

DOS/360 and successors Disk Operating System/360, also DOS/360, or simply DOS, is the discontinued first member of a sequence of operating systems for IBM System/360, System/370 and later mainframes. It was announced by IBM on the last day of 1964, and it was first d ...

on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes ** BOS/360 (early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System/360 sites) ** TOS/360 (similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives) **

DOS/360 Disk Operating System/360, also DOS/360, or simply DOS, is the discontinued first member of a sequence of operating systems for IBM System/360, System/370 and later mainframes. It was announced by IBM on the last day of 1964, and it was first d ...

(Disk Operating System (DOS), multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions, first commonly available OS for System/360) *** DOS/360/RJE (DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of remote job entry hardware (card reader & printer) connected by dedicated phone lines) ** DOS/VS (First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided virtual storage) ** DOS/VSE (also known as VSE, upgrade of DOS/VS, up to 14 fixed size processing partitions ) *** VSE/Advanced Functions (VSE/AF) - Additional functionality for DOS/VSE ** VSE/SP (program product including DOS/VSE and VSE/AF) ** VSE/ESA, replaces VSE/SP, supports ESA/370 and

ESA/390 IBM Enterprise Systems Architecture is an instruction set architecture introduced by IBM as Enterprise Systems Architecture/370 (ESA/370) in 1988. It is based on the IBM System/370-XA architecture. It extended the dual-address-space mechanis ...

with 31-bit addresses **

z/VSE VSEn (''Virtual Storage Extended'') is an operating system for IBM mainframe computers, the latest one in the DOS/360 lineage, which originated in 1965. It is less common than z/OS and is mostly used on smaller machines. DOS/VSE was introduced i ...

(latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage, supports 64-bit addresses, multiprocessing, multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads) * CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes ** CP-40/CMS (for System/360 Model 40) **

CP-67 CP-67 is a hypervisor, or Virtual Machine Monitor, from IBM for its System/360 Model 67 computer. CP-67 is the control program portion of CP/CMS, a virtual machine operating system developed by IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center in Cambridge, ...

/CMS (for System/360 Model 67) ** Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) - the CP

virtual machine In computing, a virtual machine (VM) is the virtualization or emulator, emulation of a computer system. Virtual machines are based on computer architectures and provide the functionality of a physical computer. Their implementations may involve ...

hypervisor A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) or virtualizer, is a type of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is called ...

Conversational Monitor System The Conversational Monitor System (CMS, originally Cambridge Monitor System) is a simple interactive single-user operating system. CMS was originally developed as part of IBM's CP/CMS operating system, which went into production use in 1967. ...

(CMS) operating system and supporting facilities for System/370 (24-bit addresses) *** VM/370 Basic System Extensions Program Product (VM/BSE, AKA BSEPP) is an enhancement to VM/370 *** VM/370 System Extensions Program Product (VM/SE, AKA SEPP) is an enhancement to VM/370 that includes the facilities of VM/BSE ** Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP) replaces VM/370, VM/BSE and VM/SE. ** Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture (VM/XA) refers to three versions of VM that support System/370 Extended Architecture (S/370-XA) with 31-bit virtual addresses *** Virtual Machine/Extended architecture Migration Aid (VM/XA MA) - Intended for MVS/370 to MVS/XA migration *** Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Systems Facility (VM/XA SF) - new release of VM/XA MA with additional functionality *** Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP) - Replaces VM/SP, VM/SP HPO and VM/XA SF ** Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/ESA), supports S/370, ESA/370 and

(a Unix environment was available starting with Version 2.) **

z/VM z/VM is the current version in IBM's VM family of virtual machine operating systems. First released in October 2000, z/VM remains in active use and development . It is directly based on technology and concepts dating back to the 1960s, particu ...

(z/Architecture version of the VM OS with 64-bit addressing). Starting with Version 3, the Unix environment was standard. * TPF Line (Transaction Processing Facility) on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes (largely used by airlines) ** ACP (Airline Control Program) ** TPF (Transaction Processing Facility) ** z/TPF (

extension) *

Unix-like A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Uni ...

on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes ** AIX/370 (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version) ** AIX/ESA (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version) ** OpenSolaris for System z ** UTS (developed by Amdahl) **

Linux on IBM Z Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an kernel (operating system), operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically package manager, pac ...

* Others on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes: ** BOS/360 (Basic Operating System) ** Distributed Processing Programming Executive/370 (DPPX/370) a port of DDPX from 8100 to S/370. ** MTS (Michigan Terminal System, developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for the IBM System/360 Model 67, System/370 series, and compatible mainframes) ** RTOS/360 (IBM's Real Time Operating System, ran on 5 NASA custom System/360-75s) ** TOS/360 (Tape Operating System) **

TSS/360 The IBM Time Sharing System TSS/360 is a discontinued early time-sharing operating system designed exclusively for a special model of the System/360 line of mainframes, the Model 67. Made available on a trial basis to a limited set of customer ...

(IBM's Time Sharing System) **

MUSIC/SP ''MUSIC/SP (Multi-User System for Interactive Computing/System Product''; originally McGill University System for Interactive Computing) was developed at McGill University in the 1970s from an early IBM time-sharing system called RAX ( Remote A ...

(developed by

McGill University McGill University (French: Université McGill) is an English-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill University, Vol. I. For the Advancement of Learning, ...

for IBM System/370) ** ORVYL and WYLBUR (developed by

Stanford University Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a Private university, private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth ...

for IBM System/360)

On PC and Intel x86 based architectures

, IBM DOS ** PC DOS 1.x, 2.x, 3.x (developed jointly with Microsoft) ** IBM DOS 4.x, 5.0 (developed jointly with Microsoft) ** PC DOS 6.1, 6.3, 7, 2000, 7.10 *

OS/2 OS/2 is a Proprietary software, proprietary computer operating system for x86 and PowerPC based personal computers. It was created and initially developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft, under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci, ...

** OS/2 1.x (developed jointly with Microsoft) ** OS/2 2.x **

OS/2 Warp OS/2 is a proprietary computer operating system for x86 and PowerPC based personal computers. It was created and initially developed jointly by IBM and Microsoft, under the leadership of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci, intended as a replac ...

3 (ported to PPC via

Workplace OS Workplace OS was an IBM project which unsuccessfully attempted to replace multiple operating systems with compatibility "personalities" running on top of a Mach-based microkernel. The intention was that personalities would allow a single machine ...

) **

4 **

eComStation eComStation or eCS is an operating system based on OS/2 Warp for the 32-bit x86 architecture. It was originally developed by Serenity Systems and Mensys BV under license from IBM. It includes additional applications, and support for new hardwa ...

(Warp 4.5/Workspace on Demand, rebundled by Serenity Systems International) **

ArcaOS ArcaOS is a Proprietary software, proprietary operating system based on OS/2, developed and marketed by Arca Noae, LLC under license from IBM. It was first released in 2017 and builds on OS/2 Warp 4.52 by adding support for new hardware, fixing ...

(Warp 4.52 based system sold by Arca Noae, LLC) * IBM 4680 OS version 1 to 4, a POS operating system based on

Digital Research Digital Research, Inc. (DR or DRI) was a privately held American software company created by Gary Kildall to market and develop his CP/M operating system and related 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit systems like MP/M, Concurrent DOS, FlexOS, Multiuser ...

and FlexOS 286 1.xx ** IBM 4690 OS version 1 to 6.3, a successor to 4680 OS based on

Novell Novell, Inc. () was an American software and services company headquartered in Provo, Utah, that existed from 1980 until 2014. Its most significant product was the multi-platform network operating system known as NetWare. Novell technolog ...

's FlexOS 286/ FlexOS 386 2.3x *** Toshiba 4690 OS version 6.4, a successor to 4690 OS 6.3 *

on PS/2 **

AIX Aix or AIX may refer to: Computing * AIX, a line of IBM computer operating systems *Alternate index, for an IBM Virtual Storage Access Method key-sequenced data set * Athens Internet Exchange, a European Internet exchange point Places Belg ...

(IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)

On other hardware platforms

IBM Series/1 The IBM Series/1 is a 16-bit minicomputer, introduced in 1976, that in many respects competed with other minicomputers of the time, such as the PDP-11 from Digital Equipment Corporation and similar offerings from Data General and HP. The Ser ...

EDX edX is an American For-profit higher education in the United States, for-profit massive open online course provider. It was founded by MIT and Harvard. It is a subsidiary of 2U (company), 2U. History edX was founded in May 2012 by the admi ...

( Event Driven Executive) ** RPS (Realtime Programming System) ** CPS (Control Programming Support, subset of RPS) ** SerIX (Unix on Series/1) *

IBM 1130 The IBM 1130 Computing System, introduced in 1965, was IBM's least expensive computer at that time. A binary 16-bit machine, it was marketed to price-sensitive, computing-intensive technical markets, like education and engineering, succeeding th ...

** DMS (Disk Monitor System) *

IBM 1800 The IBM 1800 Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS) was a process control variant of the IBM 1130 with two extra instructions (CMP and DCM), extra I/O capabilities, 'selector channel like' cycle-stealing capability and three hardware index reg ...

TSX The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX; ) is a stock exchange located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the List of stock exchanges, 10th largest exchange in the world and the third largest in North America based on market capitalization. Based in th ...

(Time Sharing eXecutive) ** MPX (Multi Programming eXecutive) *

IBM 8100 The IBM 8100 Information System, announced Oct. 3, 1978, was at one time IBM’s principal distributed processing engine, providing local processing capability under two incompatible operating systems ( DPPX and DPCX) and was a follow-on to the ...

DPCX DPCX (Distributed Processing Control eXecutive) was an operating system for the IBM 8100 small computer system. IBM hoped it would help their installed base of IBM 3790 customers migrate to the 8100 and the DPPX operating system. It was mainly ...

(Distributed Processing Control eXecutive) ** DPPX (Distributed Processing Programming Executive) *

IBM System/3 The IBM System/3 was an IBM midrange computer introduced in 1969, and marketed until 1985. It was produced by IBM Rochester in Minnesota as a low-end business computer aimed at smaller organizations that still used IBM 1400 series computers or u ...

** DMS (Disk Management System) * IBM System/34,

IBM System/36 The IBM System/36 (often abbreviated as S/36) was a midrange computer marketed by IBM from 1983 to 2000 - a multi-user, multi-tasking successor to the System/34. Like the System/34 and the older System/32, the System/36 was primarily prog ...

** SSP (System Support Program) *

IBM System/38 The System/38 is a discontinued minicomputer and midrange computer manufactured and sold by IBM. The system was announced in 1978. The System/38 has 48-bit addressing, which was unique for the time, and a novel integrated database system. It was ...

** CPF (Control Program Facility) * IBM System/88 **

Stratus VOS Stratus VOS (Virtual Operating System) is a proprietary operating system running on Stratus Technologies fault-tolerant computer systems. VOS is available on Stratus's ftServer and Continuum platforms. VOS customers use it to support high-volu ...

(developed by Stratus, and used for IBM System/88, Original equipment manufacturer from Stratus) *

IBM AS/400 The IBM AS/400 (Application System/400) is a family of midrange computers from IBM announced in June 1988 and released in August 1988. It was the successor to the System/36 and System/38 platforms, and ran the OS/400 operating system. Lower-cost b ...

, iSeries, System i,

IBM Power Systems IBM Power Systems is a family of server computers from IBM that are based on its Power processors. It was created in 2008 as a merger of the System p and System i product lines. History IBM had two distinct POWER- and PowerPC-based hardwa ...

IBM i IBM i (the ''i'' standing for ''integrated'') is an operating system developed by IBM for IBM Power Systems. It was originally released in 1988 as OS/400, as the sole operating system of the IBM AS/400 line of systems. It was renamed to i5/OS in 2 ...

(previously known as OS/400 and i5/OS, descendant of System/38 CPF, includes System/36 SSP and AIX environment) *

UNIX Unix (, ; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, a ...

IBM RT PC The IBM RT PC (RISC Technology Personal Computer) is a family of workstation computers from IBM introduced in 1986. These were the first commercial computers from IBM that were based on a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture. Th ...

** AOS (a BSD Unix version, not related to

Data General Data General Corporation was an early minicomputer firm formed in 1968. Three of the four founders were former employees of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Their first product, 1969's Data General Nova, was a 16-bit minicomputer intended to ...

AOS) **

(Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version) *

POWER ISA Power ISA is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) currently developed by the OpenPOWER Foundation, led by IBM. It was originally developed by IBM and the now-defunct Power.org industry group. Power IS ...

PowerPC PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple Inc., App ...

, and

Power ISA Power ISA is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) currently developed by the OpenPOWER Foundation, led by IBM. It was originally developed by IBM and the now-defunct Power.org industry group. Power IS ...

(Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version) * Others **

based operating system including OS/2, developed and canceled in the 1990s) ** K42 (open-source research operating system on

x86 x86 (also known as 80x86 or the 8086 family) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures initially developed by Intel, based on the 8086 microprocessor and its 8-bit-external-bus variant, the 8088. Th ...

based cache-coherent multiprocessor systems) **

Dynix DYNIX (''DYNamic UnIX'') was a Unix-like operating system developed by Sequent Computer Systems, based on 4.2BSD and modified to run on Intel-based symmetric multiprocessor hardware. The third major (Dynix 3.0) version was released May, 1987; b ...

(developed by

Sequent In mathematical logic, a sequent is a very general kind of conditional assertion. : A_1,\,\dots,A_m \,\vdash\, B_1,\,\dots,B_n. A sequent may have any number ''m'' of condition formulas ''Ai'' (called " antecedents") and any number ''n'' of ass ...

, and used for IBM NUMA-Q too)

International Computers Limited

* J and MultiJob – for the System 4 series mainframes * GEORGE 2/3/4 GEneral ORGanisational Environment – used by ICL 1900 series mainframes *

Edinburgh Multiple Access System The Edinburgh Multi-Access System (EMAS) was a mainframe computer operating system at the University of Edinburgh. The system went online in 1971. EMAS was a powerful and efficient general purpose multi-user system which coped with many of the ...

(EMAS) for the ICL System 4/75, from the

University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh (, ; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals) is a Public university, public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Founded by the City of Edinburgh Council, town council under th ...

, later ported to other systems. *

Executive Executive ( exe., exec., execu.) may refer to: Role or title * Executive, a senior management role in an organization ** Chief executive officer (CEO), one of the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators ** Executive dir ...

– used on the 1900 and 290x range of minicomputers. A modified version of Executive was also used as part of GEORGE 3 and 4. * TME – used on the ME29 minicomputer *

ICL VME VME (''Virtual Machine Environment'') is a mainframe operating system developed by the UK company International Computers Limited (ICL, now part of the Fujitsu group). Originally developed in the 1970s (as VME/B, later VME 2900) to drive ICL's ...

– including early variants VME/B and VME/2900, appearing on the

ICL 2900 Series The ICL 2900 Series was a range of mainframe computer systems announced by the British manufacturer International Computers Limited on 9 October 1974. The company had started development under the name "New Range" immediately on its formation ...

and Series 39 mainframes, implemented in S3 * VME/K – on early smaller 2900s

Jide

* Remix OS

Jolla

Sailfish OS Sailfish OS is a paid Linux-based operating system based on free software, and open source projects such as Mer as well as including a closed source UI. The project is being developed by the Finnish company Jolla. The OS first shipped wit ...

KaiOS

KaiOS KaiOS is a mobile Linux distribution for keypad-based mobile phones. It is designed and optimised for affordable and low-power feature phones, while retaining access to Internet services through web apps, based on the Gecko engine. KaiOS was ...

Lynx Real-time Systems, LynuxWorks, Lynx Software Technologies

LynxOS The LynxOS RTOS is a Unix-like real-time operating system from Lynx Software Technologies (formerly "LynuxWorks"). Sometimes known as the Lynx Operating System, LynxOS features full POSIX conformance and, more recently, Linux compatibility. L ...

Meizu

Flyme OS ‌Meizu (sometimes stylized in all caps) (Chinese name: 星纪魅族集团) ‌ is a technology company registered in Zhuhai, China. Its predecessor, Meizu Technology, was founded by Huang Zhang in 2003 and was famous for its MP3 player and s ...

Microsoft Corporation

Xenix Xenix is a discontinued Unix operating system for various microcomputer platforms, licensed by Microsoft from AT&T Corporation. The first version was released in 1980, and Xenix was the most common Unix variant during the mid- to late-1980s. T ...

(licensed version of Unix; licensed to SCO in 1987) *

(developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22) ** Z-DOS ** MS-Net ** MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking) ** MS-DOS 7 **

MSX-DOS MSX-DOS is a discontinued disk operating system developed by Microsoft's Japan subsidiary for the 8-bit home computer standard MSX, and is a cross between MS-DOS v1.25 and CP/M-80 v2.2. MSX-DOS MSX-DOS and the extended BASIC with 3½-in ...

(developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer) **

DOS/V DOS/V is a Japanese computing initiative starting in 1990 to allow DOS on IBM PC compatibles with VGA cards to handle Double-byte character set, double-byte (DBCS) Japanese text via software alone. It was initially developed from PC DOS by IBM f ...

1.x (developed jointly with IBM until version 1.3) **

LAN Manager LAN Manager is a discontinued network operating system (NOS) available from multiple vendors and developed by Microsoft in cooperation with 3Com Corporation. It was designed to succeed 3Com's 3+Share network server software which ran atop a h ...

Windows Windows is a Product lining, product line of Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families and subfamilies that cater to particular sec ...

(16-bit and 32-bit preemptive and cooperative multitasking, running atop MS-DOS) ** Windows 1.0 (Windows 1) ** Windows 2.0 (Windows 2 – separate version for i386 processor) ** Windows 2.1 (Windows/286, Windows/386) **

Windows 3.0 Windows 3.0 is the third major release of Microsoft Windows, launched on May 22, 1990. It introduces a new graphical user interface (GUI) that represents applications as clickable icons, instead of the list of file names in its predecessors. ...

(Windows 3) **

Windows 3.1x Windows 3.1 is a major release of Microsoft Windows. It was released to manufacturing on April 6, 1992, as a successor to Windows 3.0. Like its predecessors, the Windows 3.1 series run as a shell on top of MS-DOS; it was the last Windows 16 ...

(Windows 3.1) ** Windows for Workgroups 3.1 (Codename Snowball) ** Windows 3.2 (Chinese-only release) **

Windows for Workgroups 3.11 Windows is a Product lining, product line of Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families and subfamilies that cater to particular sec ...

Windows 95 Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft and the first of its Windows 9x family of operating systems, released to manufacturing on July 14, 1995, and generally to retail on August 24, 1995. Windows 95 merged ...

(codename Chicago – Windows 4.0) **

Windows 98 Windows 98 is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of Microsoft Windows operating systems. It was the second operating system in the 9x line, as the successor to Windows 95. It was Software ...

(codename Memphis – Windows 4.1) ** Windows Millennium Edition (Windows ME – Windows 4.9) *

Windows NT Windows NT is a Proprietary software, proprietary Graphical user interface, graphical operating system produced by Microsoft as part of its Windows product line, the first version of which, Windows NT 3.1, was released on July 27, 1993. Original ...

(Full 32-bit or 64-bit kernel, not dependent on MS-DOS) **

Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 3.1 is the first major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft, released on July 27, 1993. It marked the company's entry into the corporate computing environment, designed to support large networks and to be ...

** Windows NT 3.5 ** Windows NT 3.51 ** Windows NT 4.0 **

Windows 2000 Windows 2000 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft, targeting the server and business markets. It is the direct successor to Windows NT 4.0, and was Software release life cycle#Release to manufacturing (RT ...

(Windows NT 5.0) **

Windows XP Windows XP is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. It was released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and later to retail on October 25, 2001. It is a direct successor to Windows 2000 for high-end and business users a ...

(Windows NT 5.1) **

Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003, codenamed "Whistler Server", is the sixth major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft and the first server version to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It is part of the Windows NT ...

(Windows NT 5.2) ** Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (based on Windows XP) **

Windows Vista Windows Vista is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was the direct successor to Windows XP, released five years earlier, which was then the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft W ...

(Windows NT 6.0) **

Windows Azure Microsoft Azure, or just Azure ( /ˈæʒər, ˈeɪʒər/ ''AZH-ər, AY-zhər'', UK also /ˈæzjʊər, ˈeɪzjʊər/ ''AZ-ure, AY-zure''), is the cloud computing platform developed by Microsoft. It has management, access and development of ...

(Cloud OS Platform) 2009 **

Windows Home Server Windows Home Server (code-named Quattro) is a home server operating system from Microsoft. It was announced on 7 January 2007 at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates, released to manufacturing on 16 July 2007 and officially released o ...

(based on Windows Server 2003) **

Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008, codenamed "Longhorn Server" (alternatives: "Windows Vista Server" or "Windows Server Vista"), is the seventh major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server b ...

(based on Windows Vista) **

Windows 7 Windows 7 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was Software release life cycle#Release to manufacturing (RTM), released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, ...

(Windows NT 6.1) **

Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows Server 2008 R2, codenamed "Windows Server 7" or "Windows Server 2008 Release 2", is the eighth major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was release ...

(based on Windows 7) ** Windows Home Server 2011 (based on Windows Server 2008 R2) **

Windows 8 Windows 8 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was Software release life cycle#Release to manufacturing (RTM), released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, made available for download via Microsoft ...

(Windows NT 6.2) **

Windows RT Windows RT is a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft and released alongside Windows 8 on October 26, 2012. It is a version of Windows 8 or Windows 8.1 built for the 32-bit ARM architecture (ARMv7), designed to take advantage of th ...

Windows Phone 8 Windows Phone 8 is the second generation of the Windows Phone mobile operating system from Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft, released on October 29, 2012. It runs on the Windows NT kernel and is the successor to Windows Phone 7. It was the first ...

Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012, codenamed "Windows Server 8", is the ninth major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It is the server version of Windows based on Windows ...

(based on Windows 8) ** Windows 8.1 (Windows NT 6.3) ** Windows Phone 8.1 **

Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows Server 2012 R2, codenamed "Windows Server Blue", is the tenth major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was unveiled on June 3, 2013, at TechEd Nort ...

(based on Windows 8.1) **

Windows 10 Windows 10 is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. The successor to Windows 8.1, it was Software release cycle#Release to manufacturing (RTM), released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and later to retail on July 2 ...

(Windows NT 10.0) **

Windows 10 Mobile Windows 10 Mobile is the fourth and final generation of Microsoft's Windows Phone mobile operating system, succeeding Windows Phone 8.1. First released in 2015, it was marketed by Microsoft as being an Windows 10 editions, edition of its Per ...

Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2016 is the eleventh major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was developed alongside Windows 10 and is the successor to the Windows 8.1-based ...

Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2019 is the twelfth major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It is the second version of the server operating system based on the Windows 10 plat ...

Windows 11 Windows 11 is a version of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system, released on October 5, 2021, as the successor to Windows 10 (2015). It is available as a free upgrade for devices running Windows 10 that meet the #System requirements, Windo ...

(Windows NT 10.0) **

Windows Server 2022 Windows Server 2022 is the thirteenth major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was announced at Microsoft's Ignite event from March 2–4, 2021. It was rele ...

Windows Server 2025 Windows Server 2025 is the fourteenth and current major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was released on November 1, 2024. Microsoft announced that the su ...

Windows CE Windows CE, later known as Windows Embedded CE and Windows Embedded Compact, is a discontinued operating system developed by Microsoft for mobile and embedded devices. It was part of the Windows Embedded family and served as the software foun ...

(OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows) ** Windows CE 3.0 ** Windows CE 5.0 ** Windows Embedded CE 6.0 **

Windows Embedded Compact 7 Windows Embedded Compact 7 (formerly known as Windows Embedded CE 7.0) is the seventh major release of the Windows Embedded CE operating system, released on March 1, 2011. Windows Embedded Compact 7 is a real-time OS, separate from the Windows ...

Windows Embedded Compact 2013 Windows CE, later known as Windows Embedded CE and Windows Embedded Compact, is a discontinued operating system developed by Microsoft for mobile and embedded devices. It was part of the Windows Embedded family and served as the software found ...

Windows Mobile Windows Mobile is a discontinued mobile operating system developed by Microsoft for smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDA). Designed to be the portable equivalent of the Windows desktop OS in the emerging Mobile device, mobile/port ...

(based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor) **

Windows Phone 7 Windows Phone 7 (WP7) is the first release of the Windows Phone mobile client operating system, released worldwide on October 21, 2010, and in the United States on November 8, 2010. It runs on the Windows CE 6.0 kernel. It serves as the successo ...

** KIN OS *

Xbox system software The Xbox system software is the operating system developed exclusively for Microsoft's Xbox home video game consoles. Across the four generations of Xbox consoles, the software has been based on a version of Microsoft Windows and incorporating Di ...

** Xbox (first generation) system software **

Xbox 360 system software The Xbox system software is the operating system developed exclusively for Microsoft's Xbox home video game consoles. Across the four generations of Xbox consoles, the software has been based on a version of Microsoft Windows and incorporating Dir ...

Xbox One system software The Xbox system software is the operating system developed exclusively for Microsoft's Xbox home video game consoles. Across the four generations of Xbox consoles, the software has been based on a version of Microsoft Windows and incorporating Dir ...

** Xbox Series X/S system software * Singularity – A research operating system written mostly in

managed code Managed code is computer program code that requires and will execute only under the management of a Common Language Infrastructure (CLI); Virtual Execution System (VES); virtual machine, e.g. .NET, CoreFX, or .NET Framework; Common Language R ...

( C#) * Midori – A managed code operating system *

SONiC Sonic or Sonics may refer to: Companies *Sonic Drive-In, an American drive-in, fast-food restaurant chain * Sonic (ISP), an Internet provider CLEC, serving more than 100 California communities * Sonic Foundry, a computer software company whic ...

Azure Sphere Azure Sphere is an application platform with integrated communications and security features developed and managed by Microsoft for Internet Connected Devices. The platform consists of integrated hardware built around a silicon chip: the Azure ...

* CBL-Mariner

MITS

* Altair DOS – An early disk operating system for the

Altair 8800 The Altair 8800 is a microcomputer introduced in 1974 by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) based on the Intel 8080 CPU. It was the first commercially successful personal computer. Interest in the Altair 8800 grew quickly after i ...

machine.

MontaVista

* MontaVista Mobilinux

Motorola

* VERSAdos

NCR Corporation

* TMX – Transaction Management eXecutive. * IMOS – Interactive Multiprogramming Operating System (circa 1978), for the NCR Century 8200 series minicomputers. * VRX – Virtual Resource eXecutive.

NeXTSTEP NeXTSTEP is a discontinued object-oriented, multitasking operating system based on the Mach kernel and the UNIX-derived BSD. It was developed by NeXT, founded by Steve Jobs, in the late 1980s and early 1990s and was initially used for its ...

Nintendo

* ES – a computer operating system developed originally by Nintendo and since 2008 by Esrille. It is open source and runs natively on x86 platforms. *

Wii system software The Wii system software is a set of updatable firmware versions and a software frontend on the Wii, a home video game console. Updates, which could be downloaded over the Internet or read from a game disc, allowed Nintendo to add additional ...

Wii U system software The Wii U System Software, also known internally as Cafe OS, is the official operating system used for the Nintendo's Wii U home video game console. Nintendo maintains the Wii U's systemwide features and applications by offering system software u ...

* Nintendo Switch system software

Novell

NetWare NetWare is a discontinued computer network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used cooperative multitasking to run various services on a personal computer, using the IPX network protocol. The final update release was ver ...

– network operating system providing high-performance network services. Has been superseded by Open Enterprise Server line, which can be based on NetWare or Linux to provide the same set of services. * UnixWare ** Novell "SuperNOS" – a never released merge of NetWare and UnixWare * Novell "Corsair" ** Novell "Exposé" *

Open Enterprise Server Open Enterprise Server (OES) is a server operating system published by OpenText. It was first published by Novell in March 2005 to succeed their NetWare product. Unlike NetWare, OES is a Linux distribution—specifically, one based on SUSE Lin ...

– the successor to NetWare

Open Mobile Platform

* Aurora OS – the successor to Sailfish OS (not to be confused with a different Aurora OS)

Quadros Systems

* RTXC Quadros RTOS – proprietary C-based RTOS used in embedded systems

RCA

* Time Sharing Operating System (TSOS) – first OS supporting virtual addressing of the main storage and support for both timeshare and batch interface

RoweBots

* DSPnano RTOS – 8/16 Bit Ultra Tiny Embedded Linux Compatible RTOS

Samsung Electronics

* Bada *

Tizen Tizen () is a Linux-based operating system primarily developed by Samsung Electronics and supported by the Linux Foundation. The project was originally conceived as an HTML5-based platform for mobile devices to succeed MeeGo. It was backed by o ...

is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, a project within the Linux Foundation and is governed by a Technical Steering Group (TSG) while controlled by Samsung and backed by Intel. Tizen works on a wide range of Samsung devices including smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, PCs and wearable. *

Orsay Orsay () is a Communes of France, commune in the Essonne Departments of France, department in Île-de-France in northern France. It is located in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France, from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. A fortifie ...

One UI One UI is a user interface (UI) developed by Samsung Electronics for its smart devices, including Android (operating system), Android devices from at least late 2016 or early 2017 running Android Pie, Android 9 (Pie) and later. Succeeding Samsu ...

- Android skin

Scientific Data Systems (SDS)

SDS 900 series

Berkeley Timesharing System The Berkeley Timesharing System was a pioneering time-sharing operating system implemented between 1964 and 1967 at the University of California, Berkeley. It was designed as part of Project Genie and marketed by Scientific Data Systems for the ...

for the

SDS 940 The SDS 940 was Scientific Data Systems' (SDS) first machine designed to directly support time-sharing. The 940 was based on the SDS 930's 24-bit CPU, with additional circuitry to provide protected memory and virtual memory. It was announced in ...

SDS Sigma series

Universal Time-Sharing System The Universal Time-Sharing System (UTS) is a discontinued operating system for the XDS Sigma series of computers, succeeding Batch Processing Monitor (BPM)/Batch Time-Sharing Monitor (BTM). UTS was announced in 1966, but because of delays did no ...

CP-V, CP-R * Xerox Operating System (XOS) * GORDO from UCLA * Ésope (operating system) from IRIA for the Sigma 7 and CII 10070

SCO, SCO Group

Source: *

, Unix System III based distribution for the Intel 8086/8088 architecture **

286, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80286 architecture **

386, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80386 architecture *

SCO Unix Xinuos OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO Open Desktop (SCO ODT), is a closed source computer operating system developed by Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), later acquired by SCO Group, and now owned by Xinuos. Early versions of OpenServer were ...

, SCO UNIX System V/386 was the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark (1989). Derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities plus most of the SVR4 features ** SCO Open Desktop, the first 32-bit graphical user interface for UNIX Systems running on Intel processor-based computers. Based on

SCO OpenServer Xinuos OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO Open Desktop (SCO ODT), is a closed source computer operating system developed by Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), later acquired by SCO Group, and now owned by Xinuos. Early versions of OpenServer were ...

5, AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based *

6, SVR5 (UnixWare 7) based kernel with SCO OpenServer 5 application and binary compatibility, system administration, and user environments * UnixWare ** UnixWare 2.x, based on AT&T System V Release 4.2MP ** UnixWare 7, UnixWare 2 kernel plus parts of 3.2v5 (UnixWare 2 + OpenServer 5 = UnixWare 7). Referred to by SCO as SVR5

Silicon Laboratories (formerly Micrium Inc.)

* Micrium OS - customized μC/OS-III for Silicon Laboratories's SoC products

Sinclair Research

Sinclair BASIC Sinclair BASIC is a dialect of the programming language BASIC used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research, Timex Sinclair and Amstrad. The Sinclair BASIC interpreter was written by Nine Tiles Networks Ltd. Designed to run in on ...

was used in the 8-bit home computers from

Sinclair Research Sinclair Research Ltd is a British consumer electronics company founded by Clive Sinclair in Cambridge in the 1970s. In 1980, the company entered the home computer market with the ZX80 at £99.95, at that time the cheapest personal computer ...

and Timex Sinclair. It was included in the ROM, and the computers booted to the Basic interpreter. Various versions exist, with the latter ones supporting disk drive operations.

Sony

PlayStation 3 system software The PlayStation 3 system software is the updatable firmware and operating system of the PlayStation 3. The base operating system used by Sony for the PlayStation 3 is a fork of both FreeBSD and NetBSD known internally as ''CellOS'' or ''GameOS''. ...

PlayStation 4 system software The PlayStation 4 system software is the updatable firmware and operating system of the PlayStation 4. The operating system is Orbis OS, based on FreeBSD 9. Technology System The native operating system of the PlayStation 4 is Orbis OS, which ...

* PlayStation 5 system software

SYSGO

* PikeOS – a certified real time operating system for safety and security critical embedded systems

Tandem Computers, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise

NonStop OS NonStop is a series of server computers introduced to market in 1976 by Tandem Computers Inc., beginning with the NonStop product line. It was followed by the Tandem Integrity NonStop line of lock-step fault-tolerant computers, now defunct (n ...

- formerly Guardian (Tandem), then NonStop Kernel, then NonStop OS; runs on HPE's NonStop line of servers

Tandy Corporation

TRSDOS TRSDOS (which stands for the Tandy Radio Shack Disk Operating System) is the operating system for the Tandy TRS-80 line of eight-bit Zilog Z80 microcomputers that were sold through Radio Shack from 1977 through 1991. Tandy's manuals recommended ...

– A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their

TRS-80 The TRS-80 Micro Computer System (TRS-80, later renamed the Model I to distinguish it from successors) is a desktop microcomputer developed by American company Tandy Corporation and sold through their Radio Shack stores. Launched in 1977, it is ...

Z80-based line of personal computers. Eventually renamed as LS-DOS or LDOS. * Color BASIC – A ROM-based OS created by Microsoft for the

TRS-80 Color Computer The RadioShack TRS-80 Color Computer, later marketed as the Tandy Color Computer, is a series of home computers developed and sold by Tandy Corporation. Despite sharing a name with the earlier TRS-80, the Color Computer is a completely different ...

. *

NewDos/80 NewDos/80 is a third-party operating system for the Radio Shack TRS-80 line of microcomputers released in 1980. NewDos/80 was developed by Apparat, Inc., of Denver, Colorado. NewDos/80 version 2.0 was released in August 1981. It ran on the TRS-8 ...

– A third-party OS for Tandy's TRS-80 personal computers. * DeskMate – Operating system created by Tandy Corporation and introduced with the

Tandy 1000 The Tandy 1000 was the first in a series of IBM PC compatible home computers produced by the Tandy Corporation, sold through its Radio Shack and Radio Shack Computer Center stores. Introduced in 1984, the Tandy 1000 line was designed to offer af ...

computer.

TCSC (later NCSC)

* Edos – enhanced version of IBM's

(and later DOS/VS and DOS/VSE) operating system for

and

IBM mainframes

Texas Instruments

* TI-RTOS Kernel – Real-time operating system for TI's embedded devices.

TRON Project

TRON ''Tron'' (stylized as ''TRON'') is a 1982 American science fiction action adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger from a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird. The film stars Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn, a computer programmer ...

– open

real-time operating system A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix ...

kernel Kernel may refer to: Computing * Kernel (operating system), the central component of most operating systems * Kernel (image processing), a matrix used for image convolution * Compute kernel, in GPGPU programming * Kernel method, in machine learnin ...

* T-Kernel

UNIVAC, Unisys

* EXEC I * EXEC II * EXEC 8/OS 1100/ OS 2200 *

VS/9 VS/9 is a computer operating system for the UNIVAC Series 90 mainframes (90/60, 90/70, and 90/80), used during the late 1960s through 1980s. The 90/60 and 90/70 were repackaged Univac 9700 computers. After the RCA acquisition by Sperry, it ...

, successor to RCA TSOS * OS/4 for 9000 series

Wang Laboratories

* WPS Wang Word Processing System. Micro-code based system. * OIS Wang Office Information System. Successor to the WPS. Combined the WPS and VP/MVP systems.

Weston Embedded Solutions

* μC/OS-II – a small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel * μC/OS-III – a small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel, with unlimited number of tasks and priorities, and round-robin scheduling * Cesium RTOS - commercial continuation of Micrium's μC/OS-III forked from the open-sources release

Wind River Systems

VxWorks VxWorks is a real-time operating system (or RTOS) developed as proprietary software by Wind River Systems, a subsidiary of Aptiv. First released in 1987, VxWorks is designed for use in embedded systems requiring real-time, Deterministic system, ...

– Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for embedded microprocessor based systems.

Zilog

* Z80-RIO

Other

Lisp-based

* Lisp Machines, Inc. (also known as LMI) used an operating system written in

MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and sc ...

Lisp Machine Lisp Lisp Machine Lisp is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. A direct descendant of Maclisp, it was initially developed in the mid to late 1970s as the system programming language for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MI ...

. *

Symbolics Symbolics, Inc., is a privately held American computer software maker that acquired the assets of the former manufacturing company of the identical name and continues to sell and maintain the Open Genera Lisp (programming language), Lisp sy ...

Genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

written in a systems dialect of the

Lisp Lisp (historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized Polish notation#Explanation, prefix notation. Originally specified in the late 1950s, ...

programming language called ZetaLisp and Symbolics

Common Lisp Common Lisp (CL) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard document ''ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (S2018)'' (formerly ''X3.226-1994 (R1999)''). The Common Lisp HyperSpec, a hyperli ...

. Genera was ported to a virtual machine for the

DEC Alpha Alpha (original name Alpha AXP) is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Alpha was designed to replace 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computers ( ...

line of computers. *

Texas Instruments Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American multinational semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is one of the top 10 semiconductor companies worldwide based on sales volume. The company's focus is on developing analog ...

' Explorer Lisp machine workstations also had systems code written in

. *

Xerox Xerox Holdings Corporation (, ) is an American corporation that sells print and electronic document, digital document products and services in more than 160 countries. Xerox was the pioneer of the photocopier market, beginning with the introduc ...

1100 series of Lisp machines used an operating system also written in

Interlisp Interlisp (also seen with a variety of capitalizations) is a programming environment built around a version of the programming language Lisp. Interlisp development began in 1966 at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (renamed BBN Technologies) in Cambridge, ...

, and was also ported to a virtual machine called "Medley."

For Elektronika BK

* ANDOS * CSI-DOS * MK-DOS

Non-standard language-based

Pilot An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its Aircraft flight control system, directional flight controls. Some other aircrew, aircrew members, such as navigators or flight engineers, are al ...

operating system – written in the

Mesa A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge, or hill, bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks, such as shales, capped by a ...

language and used on

Xerox Star The Xerox Star workstation, officially named Xerox Star 8010 Information System, is the first commercial personal computer to incorporate technologies that have since become standard in personal computers, including a bitmapped display, a window- ...

workstations. *

PERQ The PERQ, also referred to as the Three Rivers PERQ or ICL PERQ, is a pioneering workstation computer produced in the late 1970s through the early 1980s. It is the first commercially-produced personal workstation with a graphical user interface ...

Operating System (POS) – written in PERQ Pascal.

Other proprietary non-Unix-like

* Operating system for Эльбрус-1 (Elbrus-1) and Эльбрус-2 – used for application, job control, system programming, implemented in uЭль-76 (AL-76). * Business Operating System (BOS) – developed to be ported across microcomputers. *

EOS In ancient Greek mythology and Ancient Greek religion, religion, Eos (; Ionic Greek, Ionic and Homeric Greek ''Ēṓs'', Attic Greek, Attic ''Héōs'', "dawn", or ; Aeolic Greek, Aeolic ''Aúōs'', Doric Greek, Doric ''Āṓs'') is the go ...

– developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of

supercomputer A supercomputer is a type of computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instruc ...

s * EMBOS – developed by Elxsi for use on their mini-supercomputers * GCOS – a proprietary operating system originally developed by

General Electric General Electric Company (GE) was an American Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1892, incorporated in the New York (state), state of New York and headquartered in Boston. Over the year ...

* MAI Basic Four – An OS implementing

Business Basic Business Basic is a category of variants of the BASIC computer programming language which were specialized for business use on minicomputers in the 1970s and 1980s. To the underlying BASIC language, these dialects added record handling instructions ...

from MAI Systems. *

Michigan Terminal System The Michigan Terminal System (MTS) is one of the first time-sharing computer operating systems.. Created in 1967 at the University of Michigan for use on IBM System/360, IBM S/360-67, S/370 and compatible mainframe computers, it was developed and ...

– Developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for use on the IBM System/360 Model 67, the System/370 series, and compatible mainframes *

– an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM * OS ES – an operating system for ES EVM *

PC-MOS/386 PC-MOS/386 is a multi-user, multitasking computer operating system produced by The Software Link (TSL), announced at COMDEX in November 1986 for February 1987 release. PC-MOS/386, a successor to PC-MOS, can run many MS-DOS programs on the host ...

– DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking * Prolog-Dispatcher – used to control Soviet Buran space shuttle. * SINTRAN III – an operating system used with

Norsk Data Norsk Data was a minicomputer manufacturer located in Oslo, Norway. Existing from 1967 to 1998, it had its most active period from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. At the company's peak in 1987, it was the second largest company in Norway and em ...

computers. * SkyOS – commercial desktop OS for PCs * SODA – used by the Odra 1204 computers. *

THEOS THEOS, which translates from Greek as "God", is an operating system which started out as OASIS, a microcomputer operating system for small computers that use the Zilog Z80, Z80 processor. When the operating system was launched for the IBM Per ...

TSX-32 TSX-32 is a discontinued general purpose 32-bit multi-user multitasking operating system for the x86 architecture platform, with a command line user interface. It is compatible with some 16-bit DOS applications and supports the FAT16 and FA ...

– a 32-bit operating system for x86 platform. * TX990/TXDS, DX10 and DNOS – proprietary operating systems for

TI-990 The TI-990 was a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Texas Instruments (TI) in the 1970s and 1980s. It served as a replacement for TI's earlier minicomputer systems, the TI-960 and the TI-980. The TI-990 featured several unique innovations and ...

minicomputers

Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant

Aegis The aegis ( ; ''aigís''), as stated in the ''Iliad'', is a device carried by Athena and Zeus, variously interpreted as an animal skin or a shield and sometimes featuring the head of a Gorgon. There may be a connection with a deity named Aex, a ...

(

Apollo Computer Apollo Computer Inc. was an American technology corporation headquartered and founded in Chelmsford, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1980 by William Poduska (a founder of Prime Computer) and others. Apollo Computer developed and produced Apoll ...

) *

(Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1990, last version was in 1992) *

Coherent Coherence is, in general, a state or situation in which all the parts or ideas fit together well so that they form a united whole. More specifically, coherence, coherency, or coherent may refer to the following: Physics * Coherence (physics ...

(

OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers) * DC/OSx (DataCenter/OSx—an operating system developed by

Pyramid Technology Pyramid Technology Corporation was a computer company that produced a number of RISC-based minicomputers at the upper end of the performance range. It was based in the San Francisco Bay Area of California They also became the second company to s ...

for its MIPS-based systems) * DG/UX (Data General Corp) *

DNIX DNIX (original spelling: D-Nix) is a discontinued Unix-like real-time operating system from the Swedish company Dataindustrier AB (DIAB). A version named ABCenix was developed for the ABC 1600 computer from Luxor. Daisy Systems also had a syst ...

from DIAB * DSPnano RTOS (POSIX nanokernel, DSP Optimized, Open Source) *

HeliOS In ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, mythology, Helios (; ; Homeric Greek: ) is the god who personification, personifies the Sun. His name is also Latinized as Helius, and he is often given the epithets Hyperion ("the one above") an ...

developed and sold by Perihelion Software mainly for

transputer The transputer is a series of pioneering microprocessors from the 1980s, intended for parallel computing. To support this, each transputer had its own integrated memory and serial communication links to exchange data with other transputers. ...

-based systems *

Interactive Unix Interactive Systems Corporation (styled INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation, abbreviated ISC) was a US-based software company and the first vendor of the Unix operating system outside AT&T, operating from Santa Monica, California. It was founded in 19 ...

port A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manch ...

of the

for

Intel x86 x86 (also known as 80x86 or the 8086 family) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures initially developed by Intel, based on the 8086 microprocessor and its 8-bit-external-bus variant, the 8088. The ...

Interactive Systems Corporation Interactive Systems Corporation (styled INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation, abbreviated ISC) was a US-based software company and the first vendor of the Unix operating system outside AT&T, operating from Santa Monica, California. It was founded in 1 ...

) *

IRIX IRIX (, ) is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run on the company's proprietary MIPS architecture, MIPS workstations and servers. It is based on UNIX System V with Berkeley Software Distribution, BSD extensio ...

from SGI *

MeikOS Meiko Scientific Ltd. was a British supercomputer company based in Bristol, founded by members of the design team working on the Inmos transputer microprocessor. History In 1985, when Inmos management suggested the release of the transputer be ...

(developed by

NeXT NeXT, Inc. (later NeXT Computer, Inc. and NeXT Software, Inc.) was an American technology company headquartered in Redwood City, California that specialized in computer workstations for higher education and business markets, and later develope ...

; a Unix-based OS based on the

Mach The Mach number (M or Ma), often only Mach, (; ) is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a Boundary (thermodynamic), boundary to the local speed of sound. It is named after the Austrian physi ...

microkernel) *

OS-9 OS-9 is a family of real-time, process-based, multitasking, multi-user operating systems, developed in the 1980s, originally by Microware Systems Corporation for the Motorola 6809 microprocessor. It was purchased by Radisys Corp in 2001, a ...

RTOS A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix ...

. (OS from

Microware Microware Systems Corporation was an American software company based in Clive, Iowa, that produced the OS-9 real-time operating system. Microware Systems Corporation existed as a separate entity from 1977 until September 2001, when it was boug ...

for

Motorola 6809 The Motorola 6809 ("''sixty-eight-oh-nine''") is an 8-bit microprocessor with some 16-bit features. It was designed by Motorola's Terry Ritter and Joel Boney and introduced in 1978. Although source compatible with the earlier Motorola 6800, the ...

based microcomputers) * OS9/68K

. (OS from

for Motorola 680x0 based microcomputers; based on

) * OS-9000

. (OS from

for

Intel Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and Delaware General Corporation Law, incorporated in Delaware. Intel designs, manufactures, and sells computer compo ...

x86 based microcomputers; based on

, written in C) *

OSF/1 OSF/1 is a variant of the Unix operating system developed by the Open Software Foundation during the late 1980s and early 1990s. OSF/1 is one of the first operating systems to have used the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University, and ...

(developed into a commercial offering by

Digital Equipment Corporation Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC ), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s. The company was co-founded by Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson in 1957. Olsen was president until ...

) *

OPENSTEP OpenStep is an object-oriented application programming interface (API) specification developed by NeXT. It provides a framework for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and developing software applications. OpenStep was designed to be plat ...

* QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS) * Rhapsody (an early form of Mac OS X) *

– derived from BSD 4.3, by Acorn computers, for their

ARM In human anatomy, the arm refers to the upper limb in common usage, although academically the term specifically means the upper arm between the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) and the elbow joint. The distal part of the upper limb between ...

family of machines * RISC/os (a port by

MIPS Technologies MIPS Tech LLC, formerly MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. and MIPS Technologies, Inc., is an American Fabless semiconductor company, fabless semiconductor design company that is most widely known for developing the MIPS architecture and a series of Re ...

of 4.3BSD for its MIPS-based computers) * RMX *

SCO UNIX Xinuos OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO Open Desktop (SCO ODT), is a closed source computer operating system developed by Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), later acquired by SCO Group, and now owned by Xinuos. Early versions of OpenServer were ...

(from SCO, bought by Caldera who renamed themselves

SCO Group The SCO Group (often referred to SCO and later called The TSG Group) was an American software company in existence from 2002 to 2012 that became known for owning Unix operating system assets that had belonged to the Santa Cruz Operation (the or ...

) * SINIX (a port by Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme, SNI of

to the MIPS architecture) * Solaris (operating system), Solaris (from Sun, bought by Oracle; a System V-based replacement for SunOS) * SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware) * SUPER-UX (a port of UNIX System V, System V Release 4.2MP with features adopted from

and

for NEC SX architecture

s) * UNIX System V, System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release) * Microport (software), System V/AT, 386 (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by Microport (software), Microport) * Trusted Solaris (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support multilevel security) * UniFLEX (

OS from Technical Systems Consultants, TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Motorola 6809 based computers; e.g. SWTPC, Gimix and others) * Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations) * UTX-32 (Developed by Gould CSD (Computer System Division), a Unix-based OS that included both BSD and System V characteristics. It was one of the first Unix based systems to receive NSA's C2 security level certification.) * Zenix, Zenith corporations Unix (a popular USA electronics maker at the time)

Non-proprietary

Unix or Unix-like

* MINIX (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands) * Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a variant of Unix originally for DEC

and

hardware) ** FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix') *** DragonFlyBSD, forked from FreeBSD 4.8 *** MidnightBSD, forked from FreeBSD 6.1 *** GhostBSD *** TrueOS (previously known as PC-BSD), made for desktop/laptop usage, now discontinued **
NomadBSD
a project aiming to tend FreeBSD to desktop/laptop needs **

(an embedded device BSD variant) *** OpenBSD forked from NetBSD **** Bitrig forked from OpenBSD, discontinued **** FuguIta, a live OpenBSD fork by a Japanese developer ** Darwin (operating system), Darwin, created by Apple using code from NeXTSTEP, FreeBSD, and NetBSD * GNU (also known as GNU/GNU Hurd, Hurd) *

(see also List of Linux distributions) (alleged to be GNU/Linux see GNU/Linux naming controversy) ** Android *** Android-x86 **** Remix OS ***

- Linux commercial distribution for cloud based software by Huawei ****EulerOS, openEuler - open-source community version of EulerOS ****EulerOS, NestOS - open-source cloud based operating system based on EulerOS, contributed by openEuler community * Redox (operating system), Redox (written in Rust) * OpenSolaris ** illumos, contains original Unix (SVR4) code derived from the OpenSolaris (discontinued by Oracle in favor of Solaris (operating system), Solaris 11 Express) *** OpenIndiana, operates under the illumos Foundation. Uses the illumos kernel, which is a derivative of OS/Net, which is basically an OpenSolaris/Solaris (operating system), Solaris kernel with the bulk of the drivers, core libraries, and basic utilities. *** Nexenta OS, based on the illumos kernel with Ubuntu packages *** SmartOS, an illumos distribution for cloud computing with Kernel-based Virtual Machine integration. * RTEMS (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems) * Syllable Desktop * VSTa * Plurix (or Tropix) (by Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ) * TUNIS (University of Toronto) *Xv6 - a simple Unix-like teaching operating system from MIT *SerenityOS - aims to be a modern Unix-like operating system, yet with a look and feel that emulates 1990s operating systems such as Microsoft Windows and the classic Mac OS.

Non-Unix

* Cosmos (operating system), Cosmos – written in C# * EmuTOS - open source

variant * FreeDOS – open source

variant * Genode – operating system framework for microkernels (written in C++) * Fuchsia (operating system), Google Fuchsia * Haiku (operating system), Haiku – open source inspired by

, in development * Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS) – written in the MIDAS macro assembler language for the PDP-6 and PDP-10 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT students * LiteOS * MagiC - open source

variant * OpenHarmony - LiteOS kernel and kernel add-ons side of the kernel tree under Kernel Abstract Layer (KAL) structure * OpenHarmony, Uniproton real-time operating system for ultra-low latency and adaptable mixed-critical deployment capabilities contributed by EulerOS, openEuler community and also part of OpenHarmony add-on kernel * OS/2#Future, osFree – OS/2 Warp open source clone * OSv – written in C++ * Phantom OS – persistent object-oriented * ReactOS – open source OS designed to be binary compatible with

and its variants (

, etc.); in development * SharpOS – written in .NET C# * Visopsys – written in C and assembly by Andy McLaughlin * Quantix

Research

Unix or Unix-like

– distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further ** Inferno – distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs ** 9front, a derivative open-source project made to resurrect Plan 9 to passionate developers * Research Unix

Non-Unix

* Amoeba distributed operating system, Amoeba – research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum * Barrelfish (operating system), Barrelfish * Croquet Project, Croquet * Extremely Reliable Operating System, EROS – microkernel, capability-based * Harmony (operating system), Harmony – realtime, multitasking, multiprocessing message-passing system developed at the National Research Council of Canada. * HelenOS – research and experimental operating system * ILIOS – Research OS designed for routing * L4 microkernel family, L4 – second generation microkernel * Mach kernel, Mach – from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see

* Nemesis (computing), Nemesis – Cambridge University research OS – detailed quality of service abilities * Singularity – experimental OS from Microsoft Research written in

to be highly Dependability, dependable * Spring (operating system), Spring – research OS from Sun Microsystems * THE multiprogramming system – by Dijkstra in 1968, at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, introduced the first form of software-based memory segmentation, freeing programmers from being forced to use actual physical locations * Thoth (operating system), Thoth – realtime, multiprocess message-passing system developed at the University of Waterloo. * Tock (operating system), Tock * V (operating system), V – from Stanford, early 1980s * Verve (operating system), Verve – OS designed by Microsoft Research to be verified end-to-end for type safety and memory safety * Xinu – Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the United States

Disk operating systems (DOS)

* 86-DOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; licensed to Microsoft, became PC DOS/MS-DOS. Also known by its working title QDOS.) ** IBM PC DOS, PC DOS (IBM's DOS variant, developed jointly with Microsoft, versions 1.0–7.0, 2000, 7.10) **

(Microsoft's DOS variant for OEM, developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.x–6.22 Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant) *

3.1 (BDOS 3.1) with PC-MODE (Digital Research's successor of

and MP/M-86) **

3.1-4.1 (BDOS 3.1-4.1) *** Concurrent PC DOS 3.2 (BDOS 3.2) (Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCs) ****

1.1, 1.2 (BDOS 4.1), 2.1 (BDOS 5.0) (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1-5.0) *** Concurrent DOS 8-16 (dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUs) ***

1.x ****

1.00-2.34 (derivative of Concurrent DOS 286) ***** FlexOS 186 (variant of FlexOS for terminals) ***** FlexOS 286 (variant of FlexOS for hosts) ****** Siemens S5-DOS/MT (industrial control system based on FlexOS) ****** IBM 4680 OS ( POS operating system based on FlexOS) ****** IBM 4690 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS) ******* Toshiba 4690 OS (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS) ***** FlexOS 386 (later variant of FlexOS for hosts) ****** IBM 4690 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS) ******* Toshiba 4690 OS (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS) *** Concurrent DOS 386 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 3.0 (BDOS 5.0-6.2) **** Concurrent DOS 386/MGE (Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilities) ****

5.0, 5.01, 5.1 (BDOS 6.3-6.6) (successor of Concurrent DOS 386) ***** CCI Multiuser DOS 5.0-7.22 (up to BDOS 6.6) ***** Datapac Multiuser DOS ****** Datapac System Manager 7 (derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS) ***** IMS Multiuser DOS 5.1, 7.0, 7.1 (BDOS 6.6-6.7) ****** IMS

7.50, 7.51, 7.52, 7.53, 7.54, 7.60, 7.61, 7.62, 7.63, 7.70, 7.71, 7.72, 7.73, 7.74, 7.80, 7.81, 7.82, 7.83, 7.90, 7.91, 7.92, 7.93, 7.94, 7.95 (BDOS 6.8 and higher) (derivative of Multiuser DOS) ******* IMS

(successor of REAL/32) *** Concurrent DOS XM 5.0, 5.2, 6.0, 6.2 (BDOS 5.0-6.2) (real-mode variant of Concurrent DOS with EEMS support) ****

3.31, 3.32, 3.33, 3.34, 3.35, 5.0, 6.0 (BDOS 6.0-7.1) single-user, single-tasking native DOS derived from Concurrent DOS 6.0) ***** Novell

1 (BDOS 7.0) ***** Novell DR DOS "StarTrek" *****

7 (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from DR DOS, BDOS 7.2) ****** Novell DOS 7 updates 1-10 (BDOS 7.2) ******* Caldera

7.01 (BDOS 7.2) ******** Enhanced DR-DOS 7.01.0x (BDOS 7.2) ********* Dell Real Mode Kernel (DRMK) ****** Novell DOS 7 updates 11–15.2 (BDOS 7.2) ******* Caldera

7.02-7.03 (BDOS 7.3) ******** DR-DOS "WinBolt" ******** OEM DR-DOS 7.04-7.05 (BDOS 7.3) ******** OEM DR-DOS 7.06 (PQDOS) ******** OEM DR-DOS 7.07 (BDOS 7.4/7.7) * FreeDOS (open-source software, open source DOS variant) * Apple ProDOS, ProDOS (operating system for the

series computers) * PTS-DOS (MS-DOS variant by Russian company Phystechsoft) * TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.) for Zilog Z80, Z80 and Intel 8086 processor-based systems * Multi-tasking user interfaces and environments for MS-DOS compatible operating systems ** DESQview + QEMM 386 multi-tasking user interface ** DESQView/X (X Window System, X-windowing GUI

Network operating systems

* Banyan VINES – by Banyan Systems * Cambridge Ring (computer network), Cambridge Ring * Cisco IOS – by Cisco Systems * Cisco NX-OS – previously SAN-OS * CTOS – by Convergent Technologies (Unisys), Convergent Technologies, later acquired by

* Data ONTAP – by NetApp * ExtremeWare – by Extreme Networks * ExtremeXOS – by Extreme Networks * Fabric OS – by Brocade Communications Systems, Brocade * JunOS – by Juniper *

– networking OS by

* Network operating system (NOS) – developed by Control Data Corporation, CDC for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers * Novell Open Enterprise Server – Open Source networking OS by

. Can incorporate either SUSE Linux or Novell NetWare as its kernel * Plan 9 from Bell Labs, Plan 9 – distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical ** Inferno – distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs *

* TurboDOS – by Software 2000, Inc.

Generic, commodity, and other

* BLIS/COBOL * A2 (operating system), A2 formerly named Active Object System (AOS), and then Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system) * BS1000 by Siemens * BS2000 by Siemens, now BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu Siemens (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme) * BS3000 by Siemens (rebadging of Fujitsu's MSP operating system) *

for various, mostly 8-bit systems, including the

, Atari 8-bit computers, and some Commodore International, Commodore machines. * FLEX9 (by Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX (operating system), FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs) * Graphics Environment Manager (GEM) (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS) * GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers) * JavaOS * JNode (Java New Operating System Design Effort), written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath. * JX (operating system), JX Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen. * KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64) * MERLIN for the Corvus Concept * MorphOS (Amiga compatible) * MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV), now MSP/EX, also known as Extended System Architecture (EXA), for 31-bit mode *

(networking OS by

) * Oberon (operating system) (developed at ETH-Zürich by Niklaus Wirth et al.) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects * OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform) * OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS) * Pick operating system, Pick (often licensed and renamed) * PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME) * Sinclair QDOS (multitasking for the Sinclair QL computer) * SSB-DOS (by Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX (operating system), FLEX in most respects) *

(GUI based multitasking operating system for Z80 computers) * Symobi (GUI based modern micro-kernel OS for

and

processors, developed by Miray Software; used and developed further at Technical University of Munich) * TripOS, 1978 * TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.) * UCSD Pascal, UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at UCSD; directed by Prof Kenneth Bowles; written in Pascal) * Stratus VOS, VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from

* VOS3 by Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVS * VM2000 by Siemens * Visi On (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful) * VPS/VM (IBM based, main operating system at Boston University for over 10 years.)

Hobby

* AROS – AROS Research Operating System (formerly known as Amiga Research Operating System) * AtheOS – branched to become Syllable Desktop ** Syllable Desktop (operating system), Syllable Desktop – a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS * BareMetal * DSPnano RTOS * EmuTOS * EROS (microkernel), EROS – Extremely Reliable Operating System * HelenOS – based on a preemptible microkernel design * LSE/OS * MenuetOS – extremely compact OS with GUI, written entirely in FASM assembly language ** KolibriOS – a fork of MenuetOS * MMURTL (Message based MUltitasking Real-Time kerneL, pronounced 'Myrtle') * SerenityOS
SerpaeOS
* TempleOS – biblical-themed OS, written in HolyC by Terry Davis * ToaruOS ** ToaruOS#PonyOS, PonyOS

Embedded

Mobile operating systems

* DIP DOS on Atari Portfolio * Embedded Linux (see also Linux for mobile devices) ** Android *** CalyxOS *** DivestOS *** EMUI ***

*** GrapheneOS *** Kali NetHunter *** LineageOS *** MIUI ***

*** Replicant (operating system), Replicant *** See also List of custom Android distributions ** Firefox OS ***

** Ångström distribution ** Familiar Linux ** Maemo, Mæmo based on Debian deployed on Nokia's Nokia 770, Nokia N800, N800 and Nokia N810, N810 Internet Tablets. ** OpenZaurus ** webOS from Palm, Inc., later

via acquisition, and most recently at LG Electronics through acquisition from Hewlett-Packard ** Access Linux Platform ** Bada (operating system), bada ** Openmoko Linux ** OPhone ** MeeGo (from merger of Maemo & Moblin) ** Mobilinux ** MotoMagx ** Qt Extended **

(earlier called LiMo Platform) ** Ubuntu Touch ** postmarketOS * Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs) * Magic Cap *

on Poqet PC, HP 95LX, HP 100LX, HP 200LX, HP 1000CX, HP OmniGo 700LX *

on Apple MessagePad * Palm OS from Palm, Inc; now spun off as PalmSource * PEN/GEOS on HP OmniGo 100 and HP OmniGo 120, 120 * PenPoint OS *

* Pocket viewer, PVOS * Symbian OS ** EPOC (operating system), EPOC *

, from Microsoft ** Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE **

from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE ** Windows Phone from Microsoft * DSPnano RTOS *

* iPodLinux * iriver clix OS * RockBox * BlackBerry OS * PEN/GEOS, GEOS-SC, GEOS-SE * Symbian platform (successor to Symbian OS) * BlackBerry 10 *

Routers

* CatOS – by Cisco Systems * Cisco IOS – originally Internetwork Operating System by Cisco Systems * DNOS – by DriveNets * Inferno – distributed OS originally from Bell Labs * IOS-XR – by Cisco Systems * JunOS – by Juniper Networks * LCOS – by LANCOM Systems *

** OpenWrt *** DD-WRT *** LEDE *** Gargoyle (router firmware), Gargoyle *** LibreCMC ** Zeroshell * FTOS – by Force10 Networks * FreeBSD * Huawei VRP (Versatile Routing Platform) that many Huawei devices operate on * LiteOS *

** OpenHarmony *

** EulerOS, openEuler * m0n0wall * OPNsense * PfSense, pfsense * List of wireless router firmware projects

Other embedded

* Apache Mynewt * ChibiOS/RT *

* ERIKA Enterprise * eCos *

* Nucleus RTOS * NuttX * Minix * NCOS * freeRTOS, freeRTOS, openRTOS, safeRTOS * Google Fuchsia, Fuchsia * OpenEmbedded (or Yocto Project) * OpenHarmony * PSOS (real-time operating system), pSOS (Portable Software On Silicon) * PX5 RTOS * QNX – Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market. * REX OS – microkernel; usually an embedded cell phone OS * RIOT (operating system), RIOT * ROM-DOS * TinyOS * ThreadX * Tock (operating system), Tock * RT-Thread * DSPnano RTOS * Windows IoT – formerly Windows Embedded ** Microsoft Windows CE, Windows CE ** Windows IoT Core ** Windows IoT Enterprise * Wind River

RTOS. * Wombat (operating system), Wombat –

; usually

embedded * Zephyr (operating system), Zephyr * LiteOS

LEGO Mindstorms

* brickOS * leJOS

Capability-based

* Cambridge CAP computer – operating system demonstrated the use of security capabilities, both in hardware and software, also a useful fileserver, implemented in ALGOL 68C * Flex machine – Custom microprogrammable hardware, with an operating system, (modular) compiler, editor, * garbage collector and filing system all written in ALGOL 68. * Hydra (operating system), HYDRA – Running on the C.mmp computer at Carnegie Mellon University, implemented in the programming language BLISS * KeyKOS nanokernel ** Extremely Reliable Operating System, EROS microkernel * V (operating system), V – from Stanford, early 1980s *HarmonyOS, HarmonyOS NEXT *Fuchsia (operating system), Google Fuchsia *Phantom OS

References

External links

"List of Operating Systems"
www.operating-system.org. {{DEFAULTSORT:Operating systems Operating systems, *List of operating systems Computing-related lists Lists of operating systems, Operating