Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK 1), also known as ERK2, is an

enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK1''

gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the

MAP kinase A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammato ...

family. MAP kinases, also known as

extracellular signal-regulated kinases This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions ...

(ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. The activation of this

kinase In biochemistry, a kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation, where the high-energy ATP molecule don ...

requires its

phosphorylation In biochemistry, phosphorylation is described as the "transfer of a phosphate group" from a donor to an acceptor. A common phosphorylating agent (phosphate donor) is ATP and a common family of acceptor are alcohols: : This equation can be writ ...

by upstream

s. Upon activation, this kinase translocates to the

nucleus Nucleus (: nuclei) is a Latin word for the seed inside a fruit. It most often refers to: *Atomic nucleus, the very dense central region of an atom *Cell nucleus, a central organelle of a eukaryotic cell, containing most of the cell's DNA Nucleu ...

of the stimulated cells, where it

phosphorylates In biochemistry, phosphorylation is described as the "transfer of a phosphate group" from a donor to an acceptor. A common phosphorylating agent (phosphate donor) is ATP and a common family of acceptor are alcohols: : This equation can be writt ...

nuclear targets. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein, but differing in the UTRs, have been reported for this gene. MAPK1 contains multiple amino acid sites that are phosphorylated and ubiquitinated.

Interactions

MAPK1 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization advocating for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organization was founded in 2006 and fo ...

with: *

ADAM17 A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), also called TACE (''tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme''), is a 70-kDa enzyme that belongs to the ADAM protein family of disintegrins and metalloproteases, activated by substrate presentatio ...

, *

CIITA CIITA is a human gene which encodes a protein called the class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator. Mutations in this gene are responsible for the bare lymphocyte syndrome in which the immune system is severely compromised and c ...

, *

DUSP1 Dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DUSP1'' gene. Function The expression of DUSP1 gene is induced in human skin fibroblasts by oxidative/heat stress and growth factors. It specifies a prote ...

, * DUSP3, *

ELK1 ETS Like-1 protein Elk-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELK1. Elk-1 functions as a transcription activator. It is classified as a ternary complex factor (TCF), a subclass of the ETS family, which is characterized by a common protei ...

, *

FHL2 Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 also known as FHL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FHL2'' gene. LIM proteins contain a highly conserved double zinc finger motif called the LIM domain. Function FHL-2 is thought to have a ...

, *

HDAC4 Histone deacetylase 4, also known as HDAC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC4'' gene. Function Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation ...

, *

MAP2K1 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAP2K1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual-specificity protein kinase family that acts as a mit ...

, *

MAP3K1 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1) is a signal transduction enzyme that in humans is encoded by the autosomal ''MAP3K1'' gene. Function MAP3K1 (or MEKK1) is a serine/threonine kinase and ubiquitin ligase that performs a ...

MAPK14 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, also called p38-α, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK14'' gene. MAPK14 encodes p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) which is the prototypic member of the p38 MAPK family. p38 MAP ...

, *

MKNK1 MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MKNK1'' gene. Interactions MKNK1 has been shown to interact with MAPK1 and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma Eukaryotic t ...

, *

MKNK2 MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MKNK2'' gene. Interactions MNK2 has been shown to interact with MAPK1 and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma. MNK2 has be ...

, *

Myc ''Myc'' is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. The ''Myc'' family consists of three related human genes: ''c-myc'' ( MYC), ''l-myc'' ( MYCL), and ''n-myc'' ( MYCN). ''c-myc'' (also sometimes r ...

, *

NEK2 Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''NEK2'' gene. Interactions NEK2 has been shown to interact with MAPK1 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK 1), also known as ERK2, is an enzyme that in ...

, *

PEA15 Astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PEA15'' gene. PEA15 is a death effector domain (DED)-containing protein predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in astrocytes. PEA-15 p ...

, * PTPN7, *

Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PEBP1'' gene. Interactions Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 has been shown to interact with: * C-Raf, * MAP2K1, and * MAPK1 Mitogen-activa ...

, *

RPS6KA1 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RPS6KA1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase contains 2 nonidentical ...

, *

RPS6KA2 Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RPS6KA2'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine and threonine kinases. This kinase contains 2 non-identical kinase c ...

, *

RPS6KA3 protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 3, also s RPS6KA3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RPS6KA3'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase con ...

, *

SORBS3 Vinexin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SORBS3'' gene. Interactions SORBS3 has been shown to interact with DLG5 and MAPK1 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK 1), also known as ERK2, is an enzyme that in humans is encode ...

, *

STAT5A Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STAT5A'' gene. ''STAT5A'' orthologs have been identified in several placentals for which complete genome data are available. Structure STAT5a s ...

, *

TNIP1 TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1, also known as ABIN-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TNIP1'' gene. Association with autoimmune diseases Human genetic variation, Genetic variations within the region of the ''TNIP1'' gene have be ...

, *

TOB1 Protein Tob1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TOB1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the tob/btg1 family of anti-proliferative proteins that have the potential to regulate cell growth. When exogenously expressed, t ...

, *

TSC2 Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), also known as tuberin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TSC2'' gene. Function Mutations in this gene lead to tuberous sclerosis. Its gene product is believed to be a tumor suppressor and is ...

, * UBR5, and *

VAV1 Proto-oncogene vav is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this proto-oncogene is a member of the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for the Rho family of GTP binding ...

Clinical significance

Mutations in MAPK1 are implicated in many types of cancer.

References

External links

MAP Kinase Resource
. {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no Mitogen-activated protein kinases EC 2.7.11 Moonlighting proteins Genes mutated in mice

Function

Interactions

Clinical significance

See also

References

Further reading

External links