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The was a high-speed
File:E1 green upper Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG, Green car upper deck in January 2002
File:E1 std upper reserved Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG, Standard class reserved car upper deck in January 2002
File:E1 std upper non-reserved Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG, Standard class non-reserved car upper deck with non-reclining 3+3 seating in January 2002
File:E1 std lower reserved Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG, Standard class reserved car lower deck in January 2002
File:E1 std lower non-reserved Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG, Standard class non-reserved car lower deck in January 2002
File:JR East E1series E146-3 Green reserve seat.jpg, Car 11 Green car upper deck in October 2011
File:JR East E1series E146-3 reserve seat.jpg, Car 11 standard class reserved car lower deck in October 2011
The first E1 series set, M1, was delivered to Sendai Depot on 3 March 1994, sporting "DDS E1" logos (DDS standing for double-deck shinkansen).
ローカル鉄道途中下車の旅 The first two E1 series sets delivered entered revenue-earning service on the Tohoku Shinkansen on 15 July 1994, with the original "DDS" logos replaced by "Max" logos. The original livery was "sky grey" on the upper body side and "silver grey" on the lower body side, separated by a "peacock green" stripe.
From 4 December 1999, all six trainsets were transferred from Sendai Depot to Niigata Depot, with operations limited to use on Joetsu Shinkansen '' Max Asahi'' and '' Max Tanigawa'' services only.
From late 2003, the fleet underwent refurbishment, which included the installation of new seating and repainting in a new livery of "stratus white" on the upper body side and "aster blue" on the lower body side, separated by a "ibis pink" stripe.
All cars were made no-smoking from the start of the revised timetable on 18 March 2007.
The first two sets were officially withdrawn in April 2012: M1 on 2 April, and M2 on 14 April. The remaining fleet was withdrawn from service from the start of the revised timetable on 29 September 2012.
A special service ran from Niigata to Tokyo on 27 October 2012 using an E1 series set, followed by a final run from Tokyo to Niigata on 28 October 2012, using set M4.
File:E1 Max logo M1 Omiya 20031202.JPG, Original "Max" logo in December 2003 prior to refurbishment
File:E1 Max logo Omiya 20020314.jpg, "Alpen Snow Express" promotional logo in March 2002
File:Shinkansen E1 Max Toki logo.jpg, "Max" logo on a refurbished set in April 2010
File:Shinkansen E1 Max Toki logo added.jpg, Modified "Max" logo in August 2012
One E1 series car is preserved: car E153-104 of set M4. This was moved to the
Shinkansen
The , colloquially known in English as the bullet train, is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan. Initially, it was built to connect distant Japanese regions with Tokyo, the capital, to aid economic growth and development. Beyond ...
train type operated by East Japan Railway Company
The is a major passenger railway company in Japan and is the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English, and as in Japanese. The company's headquarters ar ...
(JR East) in Japan from July 1994 until September 2012. They were the first double-deck trains built for Japan's Shinkansen. They were generally, along with their fellow double-deck class the E4 series, known by the marketing name "Max" (Multi-Amenity eXpress). The fleet was withdrawn from regular service on 28 September 2012.
Originally intended to be classified as 600 series, the E1 series trains were introduced specifically to relieve overcrowding on services used by commuters on the Tohoku Shinkansen and Joetsu Shinkansen.
Operations
E1 series sets were used on the following services. * Joetsu Shinkansen ** '' Max Asahi'' (July 1994 – November 2002) ** '' Max Tanigawa'' ** '' Max Toki'' (until 28 September 2012) * Tohoku Shinkansen ** '' Max Nasuno'' (until December 1999) **'' Max Yamabiko'' (July 1994 – December 1999)
Formation
The fleet of 12-car sets, numbered M1 to M6, were formed as follows, with car 1 at the Tokyo end. Cars 6 and 10 were each equipped with a PS201 scissors-typepantograph
A pantograph (, from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen. If a line dr ...
.
Fleet details
(Sources:)Interior
The E1 series was the first revenue-earning shinkansen to feature 3+3 abreast seating in standard class for increased seating capacity. The upper deck saloons of non-reserved cars 1 to 4 were arranged 3+3 with no individual armrests, and did not recline. The lower decks of these cars, and the reserved-seating saloons in cars 5 to 12 had regular 2+3 seating. The Green car saloons on the upper decks of cars 9 to 11 had 2+2 seating. The trains had a total seating capacity of 1,235 passengers.Pre-refurbishment
Post-refurbishment
History
The first E1 series set, M1, was delivered to Sendai Depot on 3 March 1994, sporting "DDS E1" logos (DDS standing for double-deck shinkansen).
ローカル鉄道途中下車の旅 The first two E1 series sets delivered entered revenue-earning service on the Tohoku Shinkansen on 15 July 1994, with the original "DDS" logos replaced by "Max" logos. The original livery was "sky grey" on the upper body side and "silver grey" on the lower body side, separated by a "peacock green" stripe.
From 4 December 1999, all six trainsets were transferred from Sendai Depot to Niigata Depot, with operations limited to use on Joetsu Shinkansen '' Max Asahi'' and '' Max Tanigawa'' services only.
Refurbishment
From late 2003, the fleet underwent refurbishment, which included the installation of new seating and repainting in a new livery of "stratus white" on the upper body side and "aster blue" on the lower body side, separated by a "ibis pink" stripe.
All cars were made no-smoking from the start of the revised timetable on 18 March 2007.
Withdrawal
The first two sets were officially withdrawn in April 2012: M1 on 2 April, and M2 on 14 April. The remaining fleet was withdrawn from service from the start of the revised timetable on 29 September 2012.
A special service ran from Niigata to Tokyo on 27 October 2012 using an E1 series set, followed by a final run from Tokyo to Niigata on 28 October 2012, using set M4.
Bodyside logos
Between 1 December 2001 and 31 March 2002, the E1 series fleet was adorned with "Alpen Super Express" logos as part of JR East's "JR + Snow" promotional campaign. From mid August 2012 until the fleet's final withdrawal on 28 September, the remaining three sets had a second ''toki''crested ibis
The crested ibis (''Nipponia nippon''), also known as the Japanese crested ibis, Asian crested ibis or toki, is a large (up to long), white-plumaged ibis of pine forests, native to eastern Asia. Its head is partially bare, showing red skin, and ...
added to their logos to celebrate the rare hatching of ibis chicks in the wild.
Preserved examples
One E1 series car is preserved: car E153-104 of set M4. This was moved to the Railway Museum
A railway museum is a museum that explores the history of all aspects of rail related transportation, including: locomotives (steam, diesel, and electric), railway cars, trams, and railway signalling equipment. They may also operate historic ...
in Saitama in December 2017, and is on display since spring 2018.
See also
*TGV Duplex
The TGV Duplex is a French high-speed train of the TGV family, manufactured by Alstom, and operated by the French national railway company SNCF. It is unique among TGV trains in that it features bi-level carriages. The Duplex inaugurated th ...
, French double-deck high speed train
* List of high speed trains
The following is a list of high-speed trains that have been, are, or will be in commercial service.
A high-speed train
High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail system that runs significantly faster than traditional rail, using an integrate ...
References
*External links
* {{JR East EMU Shinkansen train series East Japan Railway Company Hitachi multiple units Double-decker EMUs 25 kV AC multiple units Kawasaki multiple units Train-related introductions in 1994 Passenger trains running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations Double-decker high-speed trains