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Dutch Braille is the
/ref> For letters with diacritics in foreign words,
World Braille Usage
3rd edition. This appears to be Belgian usage.
*
''Braille-autoriteit'' voor het Nederlandse taalgebied
{{Braille French-ordered braille alphabets
braille
Braille ( , ) is a Tactile alphabet, tactile writing system used by blindness, blind or visually impaired people. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille displays that connect to computers and smartphone device ...
alphabet used for the Dutch language
Dutch ( ) is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the List of languages by total number of speak ...
in the Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
and in Flanders
Flanders ( or ; ) is the Dutch language, Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, la ...
.
History
In the Netherlands, braille was introduced in 1890. In Belgium, braille has been in use at least since the foundation of the Brailleliga in 1922, but probably earlier. Over the course of time, five different braille alphabets have been in use. One of these early alphabets was based on the pronunciation of Dutch. It is still used for example by office clerks and students for making notes. In 1946, the Vlaams-Nederlandse Braille-commissie (Flemish–Netherlands Braille Committee) was founded to decide on a uniform braille alphabet for the Dutch language. This was introduced in 1947.Alphabet
Netherland Braille assigns international ''y'' to the vowel '' ij''. Three letters for print digraphs follow German Braille (though Dutch ''oe'' is pronounced very differently from German ''oe/ö'').Het brailleschrift/ref> For letters with diacritics in foreign words,
French Braille
French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of :Innovative braille scripts, almost :French-ordered braille scripts, all others. The collation, alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille conven ...
is used. Where this conflicts with Dutch values (''y/ij, ö/oe, ô/ch, û/sch''), a dot-6 prefix is used to specify the French reading: ''y'', ''û''.
Unesco (2013) presents a Dutch Braille alphabet that is identical to the French. It appears that this is Belgian Dutch Braille.
Punctuation
Unesco (2013) has the opposite assignments for parentheses and quotation marks, and respectively. They also add and for square brackets, UNESCO (2013World Braille Usage
3rd edition. This appears to be Belgian usage.
Formatting
See also
* Moon type
The Moon System of Embossed Reading (commonly known as the Moon writing, Moon alphabet, Moon script, Moon type, or Moon code) is a writing system for the blind, using embossed symbols mostly derived from the Latin script (but simplified). It is ...
is a simplification of the Latin alphabet for embossing. An adaptation of Dutch-reading blind people has been proposed.
References
''Braille-autoriteit'' voor het Nederlandse taalgebied
{{Braille French-ordered braille alphabets
Braille
Braille ( , ) is a Tactile alphabet, tactile writing system used by blindness, blind or visually impaired people. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille displays that connect to computers and smartphone device ...