This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent –

Indus Valley The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, ...

(roughly today's Punjab), Western India, Northern India,

Central India Central India is a loosely defined geographical region of India. There is no clear official definition and various ones may be used. One common definition consists of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, which are included in alm ...

, and also in areas of the southern part like

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

and the Maldives through and after a complex process of migration, assimilation of other peoples and language shift.Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. .

Ancestors

* Proto-Indo-Europeans ( Proto-Indo-European speakers) ** Proto-Indo-Iranians (common ancestors of the Iranian, Nuristani and Indo-Aryan peoples) (

Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Indo-Iranian, also Proto-Indo-Iranic is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian/Indo-Iranic branch of Indo-European. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Indo-Iranians, are assumed to have lived in the late 3rd millennium B ...

speakers) *** Proto-Indo-Aryans ( Proto-Indo-Aryan speakers)

Vedic tribes

* Alina people (RV 7.18.7) *

Andhras Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...

* Anu (RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5) * Āyu * Bhajeratha * Bhalanas *

Bharatas Bharatha People (, ) also known as Bharatakula and Paravar, is an ethnicity in the island of Sri Lanka. Earlier considered a caste of the Sri Lankan Tamils, they got classified as separate ethnic group in the 2001 census. They are descendant o ...

- The Bharatas are a major Aryan clan mentioned in the Rigveda, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage Vishvamitra. The entire Bharata clan is described as crossing over, with their chariots and wagons, at the confluence of the Vipash (Beas) and Shutudri (Satlej). The Bharatas are mentioned as the protagonists in the

Battle of the Ten Kings The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...

in Mandala 7 (7.18 etc.), where they are on the winning side. They appear to have been successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan clans so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts, and later in the (Epic) tradition. "Bhārata" today is the official name of the Republic of India (see also Etymology of India). * Chedi * Dasa * Dasyu * Dṛbhīka * Druhyus (Rigveda, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5) *

Gandhara Gandhāra is the name of an ancient region located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, more precisely in present-day north-west Pakistan and parts of south-east Afghanistan. The region centered around the Peshawar Vall ...

* Guṅgu *

Ikshvaku dynasty The Solar dynasty (IAST: Suryavaṃśa or Ravivaṃśa in Sanskrit) or the Ikshvaku dynasty was founded by the legendary king Ikshvaku.Geography of Rigvedic India, M.L. Bhargava, Lucknow 1964, pp. 15-18, 46-49, 92-98, 100-/1, 136 The dynasty is ...

* Krivi * Kīkaṭa *

Kuru Kuru may refer to: Anthropology and history * Kuru (disease), a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy associated with the cannibalistic funeral practices of the Fore people * Kuru (mythology), part of Meithei mythology * Kuru Kingdom, ...

* Mahīna * Malankhara * Maujavant * Matsya * Nahuṣa * Paktha * Panis * Pārāvata * Parsu (Parśu) * Puru (Pūru) * Ruśama (RV Mandala 8) *

Sārasvata The Saraswat Brahmins are Hindu Brahmins, who are spread over widely separated regions spanning from Kashmir in North India to Konkan in West India to Kanara (coastal region of Karnataka) and Kerala in South India. The word ''Saraswat'' ...

* Srñjaya * Tritsu(RV 7.18, 7.33, 7.83) *

Yadu This is a list of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes that are mentioned in the literature of Indic religions. From the second or first millennium BCE, ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes turned into most of the population in the northern p ...

: Of Indo-Aryan origin,Yadu is one of the five early Rigvedic tribes ('' panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the Rigveda. The Yadus had a tribal union with the Turvasha tribe, and were frequently described together. The Yadus were a Aryan tribe. By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab, with the Yadus possibly residing along the Yamuna River.In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god

Indra Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war. volumes/ref> I ...

is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers. In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by

. The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8, and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas. In the

, the Yadus were defeated by Bharata chieftain

Sudas Sudās Paijavana ( sa, सुदास्) was an Indo-Aryan tribal king of the Bharatas, during the main or middle Rigvedic period (c. 14th century BCE). He led his tribe to victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings near the Paruṣṇī (mod ...

Pancha Jana (Five tribes)

(पञ्च जना – '' Páñca Jánāḥ'' / '' Pancha-janah'') The pancha Jana are five tribes inexplicitly listed together during the ( Āryāvarta of this time, c. 1700–1500 BCE, roughly corresponds with the Punjab and closer regions) (see the map of Early Vedic Period) *

Anu Anu ( akk, , from wikt:𒀭#Sumerian, 𒀭 ''an'' “Sky”, “Heaven”) or Anum, originally An ( sux, ), was the sky father, divine personification of the sky, king of the gods, and ancestor of many of the list of Mesopotamian deities, dei ...

(in the southwest part of early Āryāvarta) * Druhyu (in the north part of early Āryāvarta) * Puru (ancestors of the Paurava) (in the centre and east parts of early Āryāvarta, including Sarasvati river region) * Turvaśa (Turvasha) (in the centre and south parts of early Āryāvarta): The Turvashas ( sa, तुर्वश, ) were one of the five major peoples (''panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the Rigveda. The Turvashas had a tribal union with the

tribe, and were frequently described together. The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe. By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab. By the time of the Shatapatha Brahmana (7th-6th centuries BCE), the Turvashas are linked to the Panchalas. Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turvīti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe, a notion that is still considered only speculation according to Witzel. In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god

is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers. In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by

. The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8, and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas. *

(in the southeast and south parts of early Āryāvarta)

Janapadas

Early Janapadas (peoples / tribes) (c. 1700–1100 BCE)

After roughly 1500 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes were swiftly expanding through ancient northern India, therefore the number of peoples, tribes and clans was increasing (as well as the number of Indo-Aryan language speakers) and Āryāvarta was becoming a very large area (see the map on the right side). *

Aja Aja or AJA may refer to: Acronyms *AJ Auxerre, a French football club *Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport's IATA airport code *Al Jazeera America, an American news channel *American Jewish Archives *''American Journal of Archaeology'' *, a Germa ...

– (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Ambaśṭha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Aṅga – Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern Āryāvarta in Vamana). *Anu – is a Vedic Sanskrit term for one of the 5 major tribes in the Rigveda, RV 1.108.8, RV 8.10.5 (both times listed together with the Druhyu) and, much later also in the Mahabharata.Talageri, S. G. (2005). The Rigveda as a source of Indo-European history. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, 332. In the late Vedic period, one of the Anu kings, King Anga, is mentioned as a " chakravartin" ( AB 8.22). ''Ānava'', the vrddhi derivation of ''Anu'', is the name of a ruler in the Rigvedic account of the

(7.18.13) and at 8.4.1 with the Turvaśa (tribe). The meaning ánu "living, human" (Naighantu) cannot be substantiated for the Rigveda and may have been derived from the tribal name. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Āyu – * Bhajeratha * Bhalana – The Bhalanas were one of the tribes that fought against

in the Dasarajna battle. Some scholars have argued that the Bhalanas lived in Eastern Afghanistan Kabulistan, and that the Bolan Pass derives its name from the Bhalanas. (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Bharadvāja – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Bhrigus * Bheda – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Bodha – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Druhyu – The Druhyu were a people of Vedic India. They are mentioned in the Rigveda, usually together with the

tribe. Some early scholars have placed them in the northwestern region. The later texts, the Epic and the Puranas, locate them in the "north", that is, in Gandhara, Aratta and Setu. (Vishnu Purana IV.17) The Druhyus were driven out of the land of the seven rivers, and their next king, Gandhara, settled in a north-western region which became known as Gandhāra. The sons of the later Druhyu king Pracetas too settle in the "northern" (udīcya) region (Bhagavata 9.23.15–16; Visnu 4.17.5; Vayu 99.11–12; Brahmanda 3.74.11–12 and Matsya 48.9.). Recently, some writersTalageri 2000 have ahistorically asserted that the Druhyu are the ancestors of the Iranian, Greek or European peoples, or of the Celtic Druid class.Sanskrit in English
/ref> The word Druid (Gallic Celtic druides), however, is derived from Proto-Indo-European ''vid'' "to see, to know' It has also been alleged that the Rg Veda and the Puranas describe this tribe as migrating North,. However, there is nothing of this in the Rigveda and the Puranas merely mention that the Druhyu are "adjacent (āśrita) to the North". (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *Gandharis (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) # # (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *Kārūṣa (Karusha) – later Cedi (Chedi) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Keśin (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Kīkaṭa (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) *Kosala (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) *Krivi (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Kunti (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Madra (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) **Uttara Madra (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Magadha (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) *Mahāvṛṣa (Mahavrisha) (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Mahīna *MalankharaGriffith, R. T. (2009). The Rig-Veda. The Rig Veda. * Matsya (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Mūjavana / Maujavant (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) *Nahuṣa * Pāñcala ( Panchala) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Pārāvata (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Pṛthu ( Prithu) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Pūru (Puru) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) **

– The Bharatas are an Aryan tribe mentioned in the Rigveda, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage

Vishvamitra Vishvamitra ( sa, विश्वामित्र, ) is one of the most venerated rishis or sages of ancient India. According to Hindu tradition, he is stated to have written most of the Mandala 3 of the Rigveda, including the Gayatri Mant ...

and in and Mandala 7.Frawley, D. (2001). The Rig Veda and the History of India: Rig Veda Bharata Itihasa. Aditya Prakashan. ''Bharatá'' is also used as a name of Agni (literally, "to be maintained", viz. the fire having to be kept alive by the care of men), and as a name of Rudra in RV 2.36.8. In one of the " river hymns" RV 3.33, the entire Bharata tribe is described as crossing over, with their chariots and wagons, at the confluence of the Vipash (Beas) and Shutudri (Satlej). Hymns by Vasistha in Mandala 7 (7.18 etc.) mention the Bharatas as the protagonists in the

, where they are on the winning side. They appear to have been successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan tribes so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts, and later in the (

Epic Epic commonly refers to: * Epic poetry, a long narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation * Epic film, a genre of film with heroic elements Epic or EPIC may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and medi ...

) tradition, the

Mahābhārata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the ''Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kuruk ...

, the eponymous ancestor becomes Emperor Bharata, conqueror of 'all of India', and his tribe and kingdom is called Bhārata. "Bhārata" today is the official name of the

Republic of India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

(see also Etymology of India). (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) ***

– Ancestors of the Kaurava (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) **** Uttara Kuru (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) ***

Pandu In the Hindu epic ''Mahabharata'', Pandu ( sa, पाण्डु, Pāṇḍu, pale) was a king of the Kuru Kingdom. He was the foster-father of the five Pandava brothers, who were the boons bestowed upon his wife Kunti by a number of deities ...

– Ancestors of the Pandava (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) ** Tṛtsu (Tritsu) The Tritsus are a sub-group of the Puru who are distinct from the

mentioned in Mandala 7 of the Rigveda (in hymns 18, 33 and 83). Under king

they defeated the confederation of ten kings led by the Bharatas at the

. (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Ruśama (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Śālva (Shalva) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *

– people that dwelt the banks of the Sarasvati river (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *Satvanta (Dakshina Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) *Śigru (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Śiva ( Shiva, not to be confused with the God Śiva or Shiva) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *Srñjaya ( Srinjaya) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Śvikna (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Turvaśa (Turvasa) *Uśīnara (Ushinara) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Vaikarṇa (Vaikarna) (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) *Vaṅga (Vanga) (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) *Varaśikha (Varashikha) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Vaśa (Vasha) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *Vidarbha (

Vidarbha Vidarbha (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, �id̪əɾbʱə is a geographical region in the east of the Indian state of Maharashtra and a Proposed states and union territories of India#Maharashtra, proposed state of central India, comprising th ...

, Dakshina Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) * Videha ( Mithila, Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) *Viśaṇin (Vishanin) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *Vṛcivanta (Vrichivanta) (Pratichya Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *Yadu (Dakshina Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) *Yakṣu (Yakshu) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)

Late Janapadas (peoples / tribes) (c. 1100–500 BCE)

From roughly 1100 to 500 BCE Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes expanded even further throughout ancient northern India (see the map 6). * Abhīṣaha ( Abhishaha) / Apanga ('' Vayu'') / Aupadha (''

Markandeya Bhargava Markandeya ( sa, मार्कण्‍डेय ) is an ancient rishi (sage) born in the clan of Bhrigu Rishi (Bhargava Brahmins Community). The Markandeya Purana especially, comprises a dialogue between Markandeya and a sage cal ...

'') / Alasa ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Āhuka / Kuhaka (''

'') / Kuhuka ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Alimadra / Anibhadra (''

'') / Alibhadra ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Aṅga – (Madhya-desha and Prachya Āryāvarta – Central and Eastern Āryāvarta in '' Vamana'') * Āntaranarmada / Uttaranarmada (''

''), Sunarmada ('' Vamana'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Antargiri – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Anūpa / Arūpa ('' Matsya''), Annaja ('' Vayu'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Aparānta / Purandhra ('' Matsya''), Aparīta ('' Vayu'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Arthapa / Atharva (''

'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Aśvakūṭa – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Ātreya / Atri ('' Matsya'', '' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Audumbara / Audambara / Audumvara – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Auṇḍra – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Bahirgiri – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Bhadra – (Prachya and Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Eastern and Central Āryāvarta) * Bhadrakāra – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Bharadvāja – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Bhārgava – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Bharukaccha / Bhanukaccha ('' Vayu''), Bhīrukahcha (''

''), Dārukachchha ('' Vamana''), Sahakaccha ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Bhogavardhana /

Bhokardan Bhokardn is a metropolis in the Indian state of Maharashtra and is one the oldest and historical cities in India. Bhokardn was a part of the Hyderabad state until it joined the India union in 1948.in 1960,it became a part of the newly formed stat ...

(Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) * Bhūṣika ( Bhushika) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Bodha / Bāhya ('' Matsya'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Brahmottara / Suhmottara ('' Matsya''), Samantara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Carmakhaṇḍika ( Charmakhandika) / Attakhaṇḍika ('' Matsya''), Sakheṭaka ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Darada – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern '' Āryāvarta'') * Darva – (Himalayan and Northern in '' Vayu'' and ''

'', Parvata-shrayin and Udichya Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Daśeraka ( Dasheraka) / Karseruka ('' Vayu''), Kuśeruka (''

'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Daśamālika ( Dashamalika) / Daśanāmaka ('' Matsya''), Daśamānika ('' Vayu''), Daṅśana ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Daśarṇa (

Dasharna Dasharna (Sanskrit:दशार्ण ) was an ancient Indian janapada (realm) in eastern Malwa region between the Dhasan River and the Betwa River. The name of the janapada was derived from the , the ancient name of the Dhasan River. The jana ...

) (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Druhyu / Hrada ('' Vayu''), Bhadra ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Durga / Durgala ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Ganaka – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Gāndhāra / Gandharians ('' Vaēkərəta'' in

Avestan Avestan (), or historically Zend, is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages: Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd millennium BCE) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BCE). They are known only from their conjoined use as the scrip ...

) – the people who lived in Gāndhāra and spoke

Gandhari Gandhari may refer to: * Gandhari (Mahabharata), a character in the Indian epic ''Mahabharata'' * Gandhari khilla, a hill fort near Bokkalagutta, Telangana, India * Gandhari language, north-western prakrit spoken in Gāndhāra **Kharosthi, or Gan ...

(Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Gonarda / Govinda ('' Vayu''), Gomanta (''

''), Mananda ('' Vamana'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Haṃsamārga / Sarvaga (Himalayan) in '' Matsya''; Haṃsamārga (Northern and Himalayan) in '' Vayu'' and ''

''; Karnamārga (Northern) and Haṃsamārga (Himalayan) in '' Vamana''; Haṃsamārga (Himalayan) Haṃsabhaṅga (Northern) in '' Brahmanda'' – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta; Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Hāramuṣika ( Haramushika) / Hāramūrtika ('' Matsya''), Hārapūrika ('' Vayu''), Sāmuṣaka ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Huhuka / Samudgaka ('' Matsya''), Sahūdaka ('' Vayu''), Sakṛtraka (''

''), Śahuhūka ('' Vamana''), Sahuhūka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Ijika (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Jaguda / Jāṇgala ('' Matsya''), Juhuḍa ('' Vayu''), Jāguḍa (''

'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Jāṇgala – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Jñeyamarthaka / Jñeyamallaka (''

''), Aṅgiyamarṣaka ('' Vamana''), Gopapārthiva ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Kachchhika / Kāchchhīka ('' Matsya''), Kacchīya ('' Vayu''), Kāśmīra (''

''), Kacchipa ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Kālatoyaka – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Kaliṅga (central) / Arkalinga (''

'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Kaliṅga (southern) – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) * Kalitaka / Kālītaka ('' Vayu''), Anīkaṭa (''

''), Tālīkaṭa ('' Vamana''), Kuntala ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Kalivana / Kolavana ('' Vayu''), Kālivala (''

''), Vāridhana ('' Vamana''), Kalivana ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Kantakara / Kanṭakāra ('' Matsya''), Raddhakaṭaka ('' Vayu''), Bahubhadra (''

''), Kādhara ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Kāraskara / Paraṣkara ('' Vayu''), Kaṭhākṣara (''

''), Karandhara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Kārūṣa (

Karusha The Karusha Kingdom is one of the Yadava kingdoms of the Mahabharata epic. It is placed to the south of Chedi. Karusha king Dantavakra supported Chedi king Shishupala and was killed by Vasudeva Krishna. Karusha Kingdom is identified as modern Da ...

), later

Cedi The cedi ( ) (currency sign: GH₵; currency code: GHS) is the unit of currency of Ghana. It is the fourth historical and only current legal tender in the Republic of Ghana. One cedi is divided into one hundred pesewas (Gp). After independenc ...

( Chedi) – Southern and Vindhyan Āryāvarta ('' Matsya'') (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern '' Āryāvarta''; Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Kāśi ( Kashi) (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Kasmira ( Kashmira / Kāmīra) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Kathas – in the River Chenab Valley (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Kauśika – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Kekeya / Kaikeyya ('' Matsya''), Kaikeya (''

''), Kaikeya ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Khaśa / Khasha – Khaśa ('' Vamana''), Śaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Kisaṇṇa – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Koṅkaṇa – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) * Kośala (Central) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Kośala (Vindhyan) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Kukkuṭa – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Kulūta / Ulūta ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Kulya – only Central in ''

''; only Southern in '' Vamana'' and '' Brahmanda'' – (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta; Madhya-desha – Central Āryāvarta) * Kuninda / Pulinda ('' Matsya''), Kaliṅga (''

''), Kalinda ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Kuśalya ( Kushalya) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Kuśūdra ( Kushudra) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Kuthaprāvaraṇa / Kuśaprāvaraṇa ('' Vayu''), Kuntaprāvaraṇa (''

''), Apaprāvaraṇa ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Lalhitta – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Lampāka / Lamaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Madguraka / Mudgara (''

''), Mudagaraka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) *

Madras Chennai (, ), formerly known as Madras ( the official name until 1996), is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. The largest city of the state in area and population, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of th ...

– in the River Chenab Valley (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Mādreya – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Magadha / Central and Eastern in '' Vayu'' and '' Brahmanda'' – Magadha (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Maharāṣṭra (

Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH or Maha) is a states and union territories of India, state in the western India, western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. Maharashtra is the List of states and union te ...

) / Navarāṣṭra ('' Matsya'') –

(Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) * Māheya – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Mālada / Mālava ( Matsya), Manada (''

''), Mansāda ('' Vamana'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Malaka – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Malavartika – Mallavarṇaka ('' Matsya''), Mālavartin ('' Vayu''), Mānavartika (''

''), Baladantika ('' Vamana'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Mālava / Western Malla (known as Malloí by the ancient Greeks and Malli by ancient Romans) – they were a people from southern Punjab, including today's Multan city ('' Mallorum Metropolis'') and region, south of the confluence of the

Jhelum Jhelum ( Punjabi and ur, ) is a city on the east bank of the Jhelum River, which is located in the district of Jhelum in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is the 44th largest city of Pakistan by population. Jhelum is known for p ...

, Hydaspes for the Greeks, and

Ravi Ravi may refer to: People * Ravi (name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Ravi (composer) (1926–2012), Indian music director * Ravi (Ivar Johansen) (born 1976), Norwegian musical artist * Ravi (music director) (1926–201 ...

Hydraotes The Ravi River () is a transboundary river crossing northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of five rivers associated with the Punjab region. Under the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the waters of the Ravi and two other rivers were ...

for the Greeks, rivers (see map 8), they are mentioned by ancient Greek historiansIan Worthington 2014, p. 219.Peter Green 2013, p. 418. in the telling of Alexander III of Macedon's or Alexander the Great (

Iskandar Iskandar, Iskander, Askander, Eskinder, or Scandar ( ar, إسكندر ( fa, اسکندر ''Eskandar'' or سکندر ''Skandar''), is a variant of the given name Alexander in cultures such as Iran (Persia), Arabia and others throughout the Middle Ea ...

) Mallian Campaign; Malada ('' Brahmanda''), Ekalavya ('' Vamana'') (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) (not the be confused with the Eastern Malla) * Malla / Eastern Malla / Śālva ('' Matsya''), Māla ('' Vayu''), Māia ('' Vamana'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) (not to be confused with the Mālava or Malavas of Western Ancient India – Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *

Maṇḍala A mandala ( sa, मण्डल, maṇḍala, circle, ) is a geometric configuration of symbols. In various spiritual traditions, mandalas may be employed for focusing attention of practitioners and adepts, as a spiritual guidance tool, for e ...

/ Mālava ('' Vayu''), Mālava (''

'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Māṇḍavya – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Māṣa ( Masha) – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Mātaṅga – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Matsya / Yatstha ('' Vamana'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Mekala / Rokala ('' Vayu''), Kevala (''

'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Mūka – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Nāsikya / Vāsikya ('' Matsya''), Nāsikānta ('' Vamana''), Nāsika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Nirāhāra / Nigarhara ('' Vayu''), Nihāra (''

'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Pāṇavīya – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Pāñcala ( Panchala) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Pārada / Parita ('' Vayu''), Pāravata ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Paṭaccara ( Patachchara) / Śatapatheśvara ('' Vayu'') – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Pūru (Puru) – Ancestors of the Paurava (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) ** Paurava – Descendants of the Puru (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) ***

('' Vamana'') – Ancestors of the Kaurava (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) **** Kaurava ('' Vamana'') – Descendants of the

(Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) ***

– Ancestors of the Pandava (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) **** Pandava – Descendants of

(Udichya Āryāvarta and Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta and Central Āryāvarta) ***** Arjunayana – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) ******

Tomara Tomara may refer to: * Tomara dynasty of Delhi region in northern India * Tomaras of Gwalior The Tomaras of Gwalior (also called Tomar in modern vernaculars because of schwa deletion) were a Rajput dynasty who ruled the Gwalior Fort and its s ...

/ Tāmasa (''

'' and '' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Pluṣṭa ( Plushta) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Prāgjyotiṣa ( Pragjyotisha) – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Pravaṅga / Plavaṅga ('' Matsya'' and '' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Prāvijaya / Prāviṣeya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Priyalaukika / Harṣavardhana (''

''), Aṅgalaukika ('' Vamana''), Aṅgalaukika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Puleya / Kulīya ('' Matsya''), Pulinda (''

''), Pulīya ('' Vamana''), Pauleya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Rūpasa / Kūpasa ('' Vayu''), Rūpapa (''

''), Rūpaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Sainika / Pidika ('' Vayu''), Śūlika (''

''), Jhillika ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Śālva (

Shalva Shalva ( he, שַׁלְוָה, ''lit.'' Security) is a moshav shitufi in southern Israel. Located in the southern Shephelah near Kiryat Gat, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shafir Regional Council. In it had a population of . History The mos ...

) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Saraja – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) *

– (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Sauśalya ( Saushalya) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Sauvīra – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Śaśikhādrika ( Shashikhadraka) – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Śatadruja ( Shatadruja) / Śatadrava ('' Vamana'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Ṣaṭpura / Padgama ('' Matsya''), Ṣaṭsura ('' Vayu''), Paṭava (''

''), Bahela ('' Vamana'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Sindhu / Saindhava – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Sirāla / Surāla ('' Vayu''), Sumīna (''

''), Sinīla ('' Vamana''), Kirāta ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *

Śudra Shudra or ''Shoodra'' (Sanskrit: ') is one of the four '' varnas'' of the Hindu caste system and social order in ancient India. Various sources translate it into English as a caste, or alternatively as a social class. Theoretically, class ser ...

( Shudra / Sudra) / Suhya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) (not to be confused with the Shudra, a Varna) * Sujaraka – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Śulakara ( Shulakara) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Surāṣṭra ( Surashtra) / Saurāṣṭra ('' Matsya'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Śūrpāraka / Sūrpāraka ('' Vayu''), Sūryāraka (''

''), Sūryāraka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Śūrasena ( Shurasena) / Braj – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Taittrika / Taittirika ('' Matsya''), Turasita ('' Vayu''), Kurumini (''

''), Tubhamina ('' Vamana''), Karīti ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Taksas – in

Taksasila Taxila or Takshashila (; sa, तक्षशिला; pi, ; , ; , ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. Located in the Taxila Tehsil of Rawalpindi District, it lies approximately northwest of the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area an ...

Taxila Taxila or Takshashila (; sa, तक्षशिला; pi, ; , ; , ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. Located in the Taxila Tehsil of Rawalpindi District, it lies approximately northwest of the Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area and ...

(Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Talagana / Talagāna ('' Matsya''), Stanapa ('' Vayu''), Tāvakarāma ('' Vamana''), Tālaśāla ('' Brahmanda'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Tāmasa / Chamara ('' Matsya''), Tomara ('' Vamana''), Tāmara ('' Brahmanda'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Tāmas – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Tāmralipataka – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Taṅgaṇa / Apatha ('' Matsya''), Gurguṇa (''

'') – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Taṅgaṇa / Tuṅgana (''

'') – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Tāpasa / Svāpada (''

''), Tāpaka ('' Brahmanda'') – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Tilaṇga – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Traipura – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Trigarta – (Parvata-shrayin Āryāvarta – Himalayan Āryāvarta) * Tugras – in the

Sutlej river The Sutlej or Satluj River () is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. The Sutlej River is also known as ''Satadru''. It is the easternmost tributary of the Ind ...

basin (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Tūrṇapāda – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Utkala – (Eastern and Central in '' Brahmanda'' – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Uttamārṇa / Uttama ('' Brahmanda'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Vāhyatodara / Girigahvara ( Brahmanda) – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Vaidiśa (Vaidisha) / Vaidika ('' Vayu''), Kholliśa ('' Vamana'') – (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta) * Vaṅga – Central and Eastern in '' Vamana'' – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Vāṅgeya / Mārgavageya ('' Matsya''), Rāṅgeya (''

''), Vojñeya ('' Brahmanda'') – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) * Vāṭadhāna – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Vatsa / Vamsa – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) * Vātsīya – (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) * Vemaka – (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) * Videha – (Prachya Āryāvarta – Eastern Āryāvarta) ( Mithila / Tirabhukti) * Vṛka ( Vrika) – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta) *

** Haihayas / Heheya (Talajangha) *** Avanti – Clan of the Haihayas (Central and Vindhyan Āryāvarta in '' Matsya'') *** Bhoja / Gopta ('' Vamana'') (Gupta) – Clan of the Haihayas (Vindhya-prashtha Āryāvarta – Vindhyan Āryāvarta in '' Vamana'') *** Sharyatas – Clan of the Haihayas. **** Ānarta / Āvantya in ''

'', '' Vamana'' – Subclan of the Sharyatas (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) *** Tuṇḍikera / Śauṇḍikera ('' Matsya''), Tuṣṭikāra (''

'') – Clan of the Haihayas. (Vindhyan Āryāvarta) *** Vītihotra / Vīrahotra (''

''), Vītahotra ('' Vamana'') – Clan of the Haihayas (Vindhyan Āryāvarta) **

( Chedi) / Chaidyas ** Shashabindu / Shashabindava – ** Vaidarbha /

( Mahabharata) –

(Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) ** Yadava – Descendants of the

*** Ābhīra – (Udichya and Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Northern and Southern Āryāvarta) **** Northern Ābhīra (Udichya Āryāvarta – Northern Āryāvarta) **** Southern Ābhīra (Dakshinapatha Āryāvarta – Southern Āryāvarta) *** Kukura – *** Satvata – *** Vrishni – **** Shainya / Shaineya * Yaudheya – (Madhya-desha Āryāvarta – Central Āryāvarta)

Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE)

महाजनपद – Mahajanapada Shodasa Mahajanapadas (Sixteen Mahajanapadas) The

Mahajanapadas The Mahājanapadas ( sa, great realm, from ''maha'', "great", and '' janapada'' "foothold of a people") were sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE during the second urban ...

were sixteen great kingdoms and republics that emerged after the more powerful political entities (initially based on the territories of peoples and tribes) had conquered many others. According to the '' Anguttara Nikaya'', '' Digha Nikaya'', '' Chulla-Niddesa'' ( Buddhist Canon) * Anga *

Assaka Ashmaka (Sanskrit: ) or Assaka (Pali: ) was a Mahajanapada in ancient India which existed between 700 BCE and 425 or 345 BCE according to the Buddhist texts '' Anguttara Nikaya'' and ''Puranas''. It was located around and between the Godava ...

(or Asmaka) * Avanti * Chetiya ( Chedi /

) *

* Kamboja (possibly ancestral of Nuristani) * Kashi / Kasi *

Kosala The Kingdom of Kosala (Sanskrit: ) was an ancient Indian kingdom with a rich culture, corresponding to the area within the region of Awadh in present-day Uttar Pradesh to Western Odisha. It emerged as a janapada, small state during the late Ve ...

* Maccha ( Matsya) * Magadha * Malla * Panchala ( Pañcāla) * Surasena *

Vajji The Vajjika (Pāli: ) or Vrijika (Sanskrit: ) League, Confederacy, or Sangha, also called simply Vajji (Pāli: ) or Vriji (Sanskrit: ), was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribal league which existed during the later Iron Age period in north-east South ...

( Vṛji)) ** Licchavis (tribe) * Vamsha (Vatsa) According to the '' Vyākhyāprajñapti'' / ''

Bhagavati Sutra Bhagavatī (Devanagari: भगवती, IAST: Bhagavatī), is a Hindus, Hindu epithet of Sanskrit origin, used as an honorific title for female deities in Hinduism. It is primarily used to address one of the Tridevi: Saraswati, Lakshmi, and P ...

'' (

Jain text Jain literature (Sanskrit: जैन साहित्य) refers to the literature of the Jain religion. It is a vast and ancient literary tradition, which was initially transmitted orally. The oldest surviving material is contained in the ca ...

) * Accha * Anga * Avaha *

Bajji A bhaji is a type of fritter originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is made from spicy hot vegetables, commonly onion, and has several variants. It is a popular snack food in India, it is also very popular in Pakistan, and Trinidad and Tob ...

(

/ Vriji) ** Licchavis (tribe) * Banga / Vanga * Kasi / Kashi * Kochcha *

* Ladha / Lata * Magadha * Malavaka *

Malaya Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...

(located in the Malaya mountains, southernmost part of the Western Ghats, part of the same was called the Sahya Mountains, Southern India) (probably Dravidian and Non-Indo-Aryan) * Moli / Malla * Padha * Sambhuttara * Vaccha ( Vatsa)

Mentions by Ancient Greek authors (Classical Age)

Northwest Ancient India –

Indus River Basin The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir ...

* Glausae ( Glausaí) (may have been the

?) * Malloí / Malli (known as Mālava / Western Malla by Indo-Aryans in ancient India) – they were a people from southern Punjab, including today's Multan city ('' Mallorum Metropolis'') and region, south of the confluence of the

, Hydaspes for the Greeks, and

for the Greeks, rivers (see map 9), they are mentioned by ancient Greek historians in the Mallian Campaign of Alexander III of Macedon (

); Malada ('' Brahmanda''), Ekalavya ('' Vamana'') (Aparanta Āryāvarta – Western Āryāvarta) (not the be confused with the Eastern Malla) * Oxydracae ( Oxydrakaí) (may have been the

( Shudra / Sudra) / Suhya ('' Brahmanda''), not to be confused with the Shudra, a Varna) * Sattagydans – people that dwelt in Sattagydia (Old Persian Thataguš; th = θ, from θata – "hundred" and guš – "cows", country of the People of "Hundred Cows"), may have been an Indo-Aryan people of

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

with Iranian influence or the opposite, an Iranian people of

with Indo-Aryan influence. * Sibae / Sobii ( Sibaí / Sivaí / Sobioí / Sivioí) (may have been the Śiva or Shiva people of Early Janapadas?) (not to be confused with the God Śiva or Shiva) Other regions of Ancient India (''India Intra Gangem'') * Pragii / Prasii ( Pragioí / Prasioí) (may have been the people of Prāgjyotiṣa or Pragjyotisha, Pragjyotisha-

Kamarupa Kamarupa (; also called Pragjyotisha or Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa), an early state during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, was (along with Davaka) the first historical kingdom of Assam. Though Kamarupa prevailed from 350 to 11 ...

Possible Indo-Aryan or other peoples / tribes / clans

*Alina (RV 7.18.7) (RV = Rigveda) – They were one of the tribes defeated by

of the Bharatas at the Dasarajna (

Ten Kings Battle The Battle of the Ten Kings ( sa, दाशराज्ञ युद्ध, translit=Dāśarājñá yuddhá) is a battle, first alluded to in the 7th Mandala of the Rigveda (RV), between a Bharata king and a confederation of tribes. It resulte ...

A. A. Macdonell Arthur Anthony Macdonell, FBA (11 May 1854 – 28 December 1930) was a noted Sanskrit scholar. Biography Macdonell was born at Muzaffarpur in the Tirhut region of the state of Bihar in British India, the son of Charles Alexander Macdonell ...

and A. B. Keith (1912). ''Vedic Index of Names and Subjects''. It is suggested that they lived to the north-east of the Kambojas (possible ancestors of the Nuristani that live in Nurestan) because in the 7th century CE, the land was mentioned by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang. It is possible that they are connected with the Alans or Alani people who are a nomadic Iranian tribe. Alans is a dialectal cognate of Aryāna, itself derived from the root arya-, meaning 'Aryan', the common self-designation of Indo-Iranian peoples. It probably came in use in the early history of the Alans for the purpose of uniting a heterogeneous group of tribes through the invocation of a common, ancestral 'Aryan' origin. The historian S. Talageri identifies them with the Greeks (Hellenes). However, the dating of the Rigveda and the hypothetical historic time for the Dasarajna ( Battle of Ten Kings) occurred millennia before Hellenes were recorded in India. *Parsu (Parśu) – The Parsus have been connected with the Persians based on the evidence of an Assyrian inscription from 844 BC referring to the Persians as Parshu, and the Behistun Inscription of Darius I of Persia referring to Parsa as the home of the Persians. Pârsâ, is the Old Persian name for the Persis region Pars province as well as the root for the term Persian. * Shakya – a clan of Iron Age India (1st millennium BCE), habitating an area in Greater Magadha, on the foothills of the Himalaya mountains. This is also the clan in which Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Buddha or Shakyamuni – Sage of the Shakyas) (c. 6th to 4th centuries BCE) was born into, whose teachings became the foundation of Buddhism. According to Chandra Das, the name "Shakya" is derived from the Sanskrit word "śakya," which means "the one who is capable". Some scholars argue that the Shakya were of Scythian ( Saka) origin (part of the Iranian peoples) and assimilated into Indo-Aryan peoples.Christopher I. Beckwith, "Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia", 2016, pp 1–21 * Sogdi ( Sogdoí), people that inhabited where is today the Sibi Division valley in Balochistan, between Balochistan and

, and most of the Larkana Division, and parts of the Sukkur Division to the west of the

Indus river The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, ...

, in

(see map 8), their main city was called Sogdorum Regia (maybe today's Sukkur) by the ancient Greek and Roman authors, and was on the

banks. They may have been an Indo-Aryan people of the

Indus valley The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, ...

with a coincidental name with the Sogdians, or, as the name could tell, a branch of the Sogdians, the "

Indus Sogdians The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir ...

", in a region of the west

. * Kāmboja (Kamboja) (ancestors of the Nuristani and Kamboj peoples, sometimes included in the Indo-Aryan peoples, or of the Iranian Pamirian peoples – Pamiris or Badakhshani people)

Hypothetical Indo-Aryans

Mitanni Indo-Aryans Mitanni (; Hittite cuneiform ; ''Mittani'' '), c. 1550–1260 BC, earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts, c. 1600 BC; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat (''Hanikalbat'', ''Khanigalbat'', cuneiform ') in Assyrian records, or ''Naharin'' in ...

(c. 1500–1300 BCE) – hypothetical ancient people of the northern Middle East in the Mitanni kingdom (part of today's far western Iran, northwestern Iraq, northern Syria and southeastern Turkey), that spoke the hypothetical

Mitanni Indo-Aryan Mitanni (; Hittite cuneiform ; ''Mittani'' '), c. 1550–1260 BC, earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts, c. 1600 BC; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat (''Hanikalbat'', ''Khanigalbat'', cuneiform ') in Assyrian records, or ''Naharin'' in ...

(a language that was

superstrate In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences or is influenced by another through contact. A substratum or substrate is a language that has lower power or prestige than another, while a superstratum or sup ...

of Hurrian, a non-Indo-European language) and merged with the

Hurrians The Hurrians (; cuneiform: ; transliteration: ''Ḫu-ur-ri''; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri or Hurriter) were a people of the Bronze Age Near East. They spoke a Hurrian language and lived in Anatolia, Syria and Northern Mes ...

, many of them as a social elite, in the course of the Indo-Aryan migration (towards West in this case).